| Record Information |
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| Version | 2.0 |
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| Creation Date | 2009-06-16 18:49:50 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2014-12-24 20:22:54 UTC |
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| Accession Number | T3D0875 |
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| Identification |
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| Common Name | Antimony trioxide |
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| Class | Small Molecule |
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| Description | Antimony trioxide is the chemical compound with the formula Sb2O3. It is the most important commercial compound of antimony. It is found in nature as the minerals valentinite and senarmontite. Antimony is a metallic element with the chemical symbol Sb and atomic number 51. Small amounts of antimony are found in the earth's crust. (8, 10) |
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| Compound Type | - Antimony Compound
- Food Toxin
- Household Toxin
- Inorganic Compound
- Metalloid
- Pollutant
- Synthetic Compound
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| Chemical Structure | |
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| Synonyms | | Synonym | | Antimonous oxide | | Antimony sesquioxide | | Antimony(III) oxide | | Flowers of Antimony |
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| Chemical Formula | O3Sb2 |
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| Average Molecular Mass | 291.520 g/mol |
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| Monoisotopic Mass | 289.792 g/mol |
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| CAS Registry Number | 1309-64-4 |
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| IUPAC Name | oxostibanyl stibinate |
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| Traditional Name | antimony trioxide |
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| SMILES | O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/3O.2Sb |
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| InChI Key | InChIKey=ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as metalloid oxides. These are inorganic compounds containing an oxygen atom of an oxidation state of -2, in which the heaviest atom bonded to the oxygen is a metalloid. |
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| Kingdom | Inorganic compounds |
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| Super Class | Mixed metal/non-metal compounds |
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| Class | Metalloid organides |
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| Sub Class | Metalloid oxides |
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| Direct Parent | Metalloid oxides |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Metalloid oxide
- Inorganic antimony salt
- Inorganic oxide
- Inorganic salt
- Inorganic metalloid salt
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| Molecular Framework | Not Available |
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| External Descriptors | Not Available |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Status | Detected and Not Quantified |
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| Origin | Exogenous |
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| Cellular Locations | |
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| Biofluid Locations | Not Available |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | Not Available |
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| Applications | Not Available |
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| Biological Roles | Not Available |
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| Chemical Roles | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Appearance | White powder. |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value |
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| Melting Point | 656°C | | Boiling Point | Not Available | | Solubility | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| Spectra |
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| Spectra | | Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | View |
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| Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-0006-0190000000-d35dca7dce0eea33fa6d | 2019-02-22 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-0006-0190000000-d2b41bb82a47d766f814 | 2019-02-22 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-0udi-0910000000-e9e8a3c3c7127b92c44b | 2019-02-22 | View Spectrum |
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| Toxicity Profile |
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| Route of Exposure | Inhalation (8) ; oral (8) ; dermal (8) |
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| Mechanism of Toxicity | The inhalation data suggest that the myocardium is a target of antimony toxicity. It is possible that antimony affects circulating glucose by interfering with enzymes of the glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. The mechanism of action of antimony remains unclear. However, some studies suggest that antimony combines with sulfhydryl groups including those in several enzymes important for tissue respiration. The antidotal action of BAL depends on its ability to prevent or break the union between antimony and vital enzymes. Moreover, the The cause of death is believed to be essentially the same as that in acute arsenic poisoning. Antimony trioxide poisoning can lead to increased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. The mechanism of action of antimony trioxide remains unclear (3, 8, 1) |
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| Metabolism | Antimony is widely distributed throughout the body. The hair and skin contain the highest levels of antimony. The adrenal glands, lung, large intestine, trachea, cerebellum, and kidneys also contain relatively high levels of antimony. Blood is the main vehicle for the transport of absorbed antimony to various tissue compartments of the body. Antimony is a metal and, therefore, does not undergo catabolism. Antimony can covalently interact with sulfhydryl groups and phosphate, as well as numerous reversible binding interactions with endogenous ligands (e.g., proteins). It is not known if these interactions are toxicologically significant. Antimony is excreted via the urine and feces. Some of the fecal antimony may represent unabsorbed antimony that is cleared from the lung via mucociliary action into the esophagus to the gastrointestinal tract. (8) |
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| Toxicity Values | LD50: 20 000 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (9)
LD50: 2 000 mg/kg (Dermal, Rabbit) (4) |
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| Lethal Dose | Not Available |
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| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (7) |
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| Uses/Sources | Breathing air, drinking water, and eating foods that contain antimony. Exposure can also occur through dermal or skin contact (8). |
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| Minimum Risk Level | Not Available |
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| Health Effects | Dermal exposure to antimony can cause antimony spots (papules and pustules around sweat and sebaceous glands). Antimony poisoning can also lead to pneumoconiosis. Alterations in pulmonary function and other effects including chronic bronchitis, chronic emphysema, inactive tuberculosis, pleural adhesions, and irritation can result from inhalation of antimony. Increased blood pressure can also result from antimony poisoning. Myocardial depression, vasodilation and fluid loss may cause shock with hypotension, electrolyte disturbances and acute renal failure. Cerebral oedema, coma, convulsions, and death are possible. (8) |
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| Symptoms | Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea can result from inhalation of antimony. Dyspnea, headache, vomiting,cough, conjunctivitis, and bloody purulent discharge from nose can result from inhalation exposure. Skin or eye contact can cause pain and redness of the exposed surface. (6, 8) |
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| Treatment | Following oral exposure to antimony, administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Following inhalation exposure, move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. In case of eye exposure, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature water for at least 15 minutes. Following dermal exposure, remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. (5) |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| HMDB ID | Not Available |
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| PubChem Compound ID | 27652 |
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| ChEMBL ID | Not Available |
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| ChemSpider ID | 25727 |
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| KEGG ID | Not Available |
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| UniProt ID | Not Available |
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| OMIM ID | |
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| ChEBI ID | Not Available |
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| BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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| CTD ID | Not Available |
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| Stitch ID | Antimony trioxide |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ACToR ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| MSDS | T3D0875.pdf |
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| General References | - Poon R, Chu I, Lecavalier P, Valli VE, Foster W, Gupta S, Thomas B: Effects of antimony on rats following 90-day exposure via drinking water. Food Chem Toxicol. 1998 Jan;36(1):21-35. [9487361 ]
- Hussain SA, Jane DE, Taberner PV: Lack of inhibition of human plasma cholinesterase and red cell acetylcholinesterase by antimony compounds including stibine. Hum Exp Toxicol. 1998 Mar;17(3):140-3. [9587781 ]
- Hayes WJ Jr. and Laws ER Jr. (eds) (1991). Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Volume 3. Classes of Pesticides. New York, NY: Academic Press, Inc.
- American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc. (1991). Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices. 6th ed. Volumes I, II, III. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
- Rumack BH (2009). POISINDEX(R) Information System. Englewood, CO: Micromedex, Inc. CCIS Volume 141, edition expires Aug, 2009.
- Hamilton A and Hardy HL (1974). Industrial Toxicology. 3rd ed. Acton, MA: Publishing Sciences Group, Inc.
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. [Link]
- ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (1992). Toxicological profile for antimony. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
- German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (1990). Environmental Handbook, Volume III: Compendium of environmental standards - Antimony. [Link]
- Wikipedia. Antimony trioxide. Last Updated 18 July 2009. [Link]
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| Gene Regulation |
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| Up-Regulated Genes | Not Available |
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| Down-Regulated Genes | Not Available |
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