Tetrabutyltin (T3D1248)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesGene RegulationTargets (17)XML
Targets (17)
Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2009-06-19 21:58:30 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:23:29 UTC
Accession NumberT3D1248
Identification
Common NameTetrabutyltin
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionTetrabutyltin is an organotin compound. It is the starting material of the tributyltin and dibutyltin compounds, which are used as stabilizers for PVC, biocides, fungicides, and anti-biofouling agents. Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50. It is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where it occurs as tin dioxide. (3, 5, 6)
Compound Type
  • Organic Compound
  • Organometallic
  • Pesticide
  • Synthetic Compound
  • Tin Compound
Chemical Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
Synonym
Tetra-n-butyltin
Tetrabutylstannane
Tin tetrabutyl
Chemical FormulaC16H36Sn
Average Molecular Mass347.170 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass348.184 g/mol
CAS Registry Number1461-25-2
IUPAC Nametetrabutylstannane
Traditional Nametetrabutyltin
SMILESCCCC[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/4C4H9.Sn/c4*1-3-4-2;/h4*1,3-4H2,2H3;
InChI KeyInChIKey=AFCAKJKUYFLYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tetraalkyltins. These are tetraorganotin compounds where the tin atom is linked to exactly four alkyl groups.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganometallic compounds
ClassOrgano-post-transition metal compounds
Sub ClassOrganotin compounds
Direct ParentTetraalkyltins
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Tetraalkyltin
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic salt
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
AppearanceColorless liquid.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point-97°C
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
LogPNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0019 g/LALOGPS
logP8.19ALOGPS
logP7.92ChemAxon
logS-5.3ALOGPS
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area0 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count12ChemAxon
Refractivity77.89 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability35.07 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
Bioavailability0ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0udi-0009000000-825d9d2c7da9a385efdc2016-08-01View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0udi-0009000000-825d9d2c7da9a385efdc2016-08-01View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0udi-0009000000-825d9d2c7da9a385efdc2016-08-01View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0udi-0009000000-671a722f8850a11130f52016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0udi-0009000000-671a722f8850a11130f52016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0udi-0009000000-671a722f8850a11130f52016-08-03View Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-004i-1950000000-4b89a518a211f7f1ce092014-09-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 90 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)Not Available2014-09-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25.16 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)Not Available2014-09-23View Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureOral (4) ; inhalation (4) ; dermal (4)
Mechanism of ToxicityOrganotin compounds produce neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects. Organotins may directly activate glial cells contributing to neuronal cell degeneration by local release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-_, and/or interleukins. They may also induce apoptosis by direct action on neuronal cells. Organotin compounds stimulate the neuronal release of and/or decrease of neuronal cell uptake of neurotransmitters in brain tissue, including aspartate, GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine, and serotonin. This may be either a contributing factor to or result of the neuronal cell loss. The immunotoxic effects of organotins are characterized by thymic atrophy caused by the suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes and apoptosis of mature thymocytes. Organotin compounds are believed to exert these effects by suppressing DNA and protein synthesis, inducing the expression of genes involved in apoptosis (such as nur77), and disrupting the regulation of intracellular calcium levels, giving rise to the uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species, release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and the proteolytic and nucleolytic cascade of apoptosis. The suppression of proliferation of immature thymocytes further results in the suppression of T-cell-mediated immune responses. Organotins are also endocrine disruptors and are believed to contribute to obesity by inappropriate receptor activation, leading to adipocyte differentiation. Inorganic tin triggers eryptosis, contributing to tin-induced anemia. (4, 1, 2)
MetabolismThough tin metal is very poorly absorbed, tin compounds may be absorbed via oral, inhalation, or dermal routes, with organotin compounds being much more readily absorbed than inorganic tin compounds. Tin may enter the bloodstream and bind to hemoglobin, where it is distributed and accumulates mainly in the kidney, liver, lung, and bone. Organotin compounds may undergo dealkylation, hydroxylation, dearylation, and oxidation catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the liver. The alkyl products of dealkylation are conjugated with glutathione and further metabolized to mercapturic acid derivatives. Tin and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine and feces. (4)
Toxicity ValuesLD50: 6000 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) (7) LD50: 56 mg/kg (Intravenous, Mouse) (7)
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesTetrabutyltin is the starting material of the tributyltin and dibutyltin compounds, which are used as stabilizers for PVC, biocides, fungicides, and anti-biofouling agents. (6)
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsBreathing or swallowing, or skin contact with organotins, can interfere with the way the brain and nervous system work, causing death in severe cases. Organic tin compounds may also damage the immune and reproductive system. (3, 4)
SymptomsInorganic or organic tin compounds placed on the skin or in the eyes can produce skin and eye irritation. (4)
TreatmentNot Available
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDNot Available
PubChem Compound ID15098
ChEMBL IDNot Available
ChemSpider ID14370
KEGG IDNot Available
UniProt IDNot Available
OMIM ID
ChEBI IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDC102881
Stitch IDTetrabutyltin
PDB IDNot Available
ACToR ID2042
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDST3D1248.pdf
General References
  1. Nguyen TT, Foller M, Lang F: Tin triggers suicidal death of erythrocytes. J Appl Toxicol. 2009 Jan;29(1):79-83. doi: 10.1002/jat.1390. [18937211 ]
  2. Grun F, Blumberg B: Environmental obesogens: organotins and endocrine disruption via nuclear receptor signaling. Endocrinology. 2006 Jun;147(6 Suppl):S50-5. Epub 2006 May 11. [16690801 ]
  3. Wikipedia. Tributyltin. Last Updated 31 May 2009. [Link]
  4. ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for tin. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
  5. Wikipedia. Tin. Last Updated 28 May 2009. [Link]
  6. Wikipedia. Tetrabutyltin. Last Updated 13 April 2009. [Link]
  7. The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory of Oxford University (2005). Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for tetrabutyltin. [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated Genes
GeneGene SymbolGene IDInteractionChromosomeDetails
Down-Regulated GenesNot Available

Targets

Target Details
1. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses. Plays a role in the regulation of cardiovascular circadian rhythms by regulating the transcription of ARNTL/BMAL1 in the blood vessels (By similarity).
Gene Name:
PPARG
Uniprot ID:
P37231
Molecular Weight:
57619.58 Da
References
  1. Grun F, Blumberg B: Environmental obesogens: organotins and endocrine disruption via nuclear receptor signaling. Endocrinology. 2006 Jun;147(6 Suppl):S50-5. Epub 2006 May 11. [16690801 ]
  2. Hiromori Y, Nishikawa J, Yoshida I, Nagase H, Nakanishi T: Structure-dependent activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma by organotin compounds. Chem Biol Interact. 2009 Jul 15;180(2):238-44. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.03.006. Epub 2009 Mar 24. [19497422 ]
Target Details
2. Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ADH1A
Uniprot ID:
P07327
Molecular Weight:
39858.37 Da
References
  1. Bychkov PV, Shekhovtsova TN, Milaeva ER: Inhibition of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase by methyltin compounds. Bioinorg Chem Appl. 2005:191-9. doi: 10.1155/BCA.2005.191. [18365099 ]
Target Details
3. Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ADH1B
Uniprot ID:
P00325
Molecular Weight:
39854.21 Da
References
  1. Bychkov PV, Shekhovtsova TN, Milaeva ER: Inhibition of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase by methyltin compounds. Bioinorg Chem Appl. 2005:191-9. doi: 10.1155/BCA.2005.191. [18365099 ]
Target Details
4. Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ADH1C
Uniprot ID:
P00326
Molecular Weight:
39867.27 Da
References
  1. Bychkov PV, Shekhovtsova TN, Milaeva ER: Inhibition of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase by methyltin compounds. Bioinorg Chem Appl. 2005:191-9. doi: 10.1155/BCA.2005.191. [18365099 ]
Target Details
5. Alcohol dehydrogenase 4
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ADH4
Uniprot ID:
P08319
Molecular Weight:
40221.335 Da
References
  1. Bychkov PV, Shekhovtsova TN, Milaeva ER: Inhibition of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase by methyltin compounds. Bioinorg Chem Appl. 2005:191-9. doi: 10.1155/BCA.2005.191. [18365099 ]
Target Details
6. Alcohol dehydrogenase 6
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ADH6
Uniprot ID:
P28332
Molecular Weight:
39088.335 Da
References
  1. Bychkov PV, Shekhovtsova TN, Milaeva ER: Inhibition of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase by methyltin compounds. Bioinorg Chem Appl. 2005:191-9. doi: 10.1155/BCA.2005.191. [18365099 ]
Target Details
7. Alcohol dehydrogenase class 4 mu/sigma chain
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Could function in retinol oxidation for the synthesis of retinoic acid, a hormone important for cellular differentiation. Medium-chain (octanol) and aromatic (m-nitrobenzaldehyde) compounds are the best substrates. Ethanol is not a good substrate but at the high ethanol concentrations reached in the digestive tract, it plays a role in the ethanol oxidation and contributes to the first pass ethanol metabolism.
Gene Name:
ADH7
Uniprot ID:
P40394
Molecular Weight:
41480.985 Da
References
  1. Bychkov PV, Shekhovtsova TN, Milaeva ER: Inhibition of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase by methyltin compounds. Bioinorg Chem Appl. 2005:191-9. doi: 10.1155/BCA.2005.191. [18365099 ]
Target Details
8. Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Class-III ADH is remarkably ineffective in oxidizing ethanol, but it readily catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain primary alcohols and the oxidation of S-(hydroxymethyl) glutathione.
Gene Name:
ADH5
Uniprot ID:
P11766
Molecular Weight:
39723.945 Da
References
  1. Bychkov PV, Shekhovtsova TN, Milaeva ER: Inhibition of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase by methyltin compounds. Bioinorg Chem Appl. 2005:191-9. doi: 10.1155/BCA.2005.191. [18365099 ]
Target Details
9. Proteasome subunit beta type-5
General Function:
Threonine-type endopeptidase activity
Specific Function:
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This unit is responsible of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome and is one of the principal target of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. May catalyze basal processing of intracellular antigens. Plays a role in the protection against oxidative damage through the Nrf2-ARE pathway (By similarity).
Gene Name:
PSMB5
Uniprot ID:
P28074
Molecular Weight:
28480.01 Da
References
  1. Shi G, Chen D, Zhai G, Chen MS, Cui QC, Zhou Q, He B, Dou QP, Jiang G: The proteasome is a molecular target of environmental toxic organotins. Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Mar;117(3):379-86. doi: 10.1289/ehp.11865. Epub 2008 Oct 23. [19337512 ]
Target Details
10. Retinoic acid receptor alpha
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RXR/RAR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. In the absence of ligand, the RXR-RAR heterodimers associate with a multiprotein complex containing transcription corepressors that induce histone acetylation, chromatin condensation and transcriptional suppression. On ligand binding, the corepressors dissociate from the receptors and associate with the coactivators leading to transcriptional activation. RARA plays an essential role in the regulation of retinoic acid-induced germ cell development during spermatogenesis. Has a role in the survival of early spermatocytes at the beginning prophase of meiosis. In Sertoli cells, may promote the survival and development of early meiotic prophase spermatocytes. In concert with RARG, required for skeletal growth, matrix homeostasis and growth plate function (By similarity). Regulates expression of target genes in a ligand-dependent manner by recruiting chromatin complexes containing KMT2E/MLL5. Mediates retinoic acid-induced granulopoiesis.
Gene Name:
RARA
Uniprot ID:
P10276
Molecular Weight:
50770.805 Da
References
  1. Grun F, Blumberg B: Environmental obesogens: organotins and endocrine disruption via nuclear receptor signaling. Endocrinology. 2006 Jun;147(6 Suppl):S50-5. Epub 2006 May 11. [16690801 ]
Target Details
11. Retinoic acid receptor beta
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RXR/RAR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. In the absence or presence of hormone ligand, acts mainly as an activator of gene expression due to weak binding to corepressors. In concert with RARG, required for skeletal growth, matrix homeostasis and growth plate function.
Gene Name:
RARB
Uniprot ID:
P10826
Molecular Weight:
50488.63 Da
References
  1. Grun F, Blumberg B: Environmental obesogens: organotins and endocrine disruption via nuclear receptor signaling. Endocrinology. 2006 Jun;147(6 Suppl):S50-5. Epub 2006 May 11. [16690801 ]
Target Details
12. Retinoic acid receptor gamma
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. In the absence of ligand, acts mainly as an activator of gene expression due to weak binding to corepressors. Required for limb bud development. In concert with RARA or RARB, required for skeletal growth, matrix homeostasis and growth plate function (By similarity).
Gene Name:
RARG
Uniprot ID:
P13631
Molecular Weight:
50341.405 Da
References
  1. Grun F, Blumberg B: Environmental obesogens: organotins and endocrine disruption via nuclear receptor signaling. Endocrinology. 2006 Jun;147(6 Suppl):S50-5. Epub 2006 May 11. [16690801 ]
Target Details
13. Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5 (By similarity). Specifically binds 9-cis retinoic acid (9C-RA).
Gene Name:
RXRB
Uniprot ID:
P28702
Molecular Weight:
56921.38 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
AC500.10 uMATG_RXRb_TRANSAttagene
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
Target Details
14. Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1
General Function:
Transforming growth factor beta receptor, pathway-specific cytoplasmic mediator activity
Specific Function:
Transcriptional modulator activated by BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) type 1 receptor kinase. SMAD1 is a receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD). SMAD1/OAZ1/PSMB4 complex mediates the degradation of the CREBBP/EP300 repressor SNIP1. May act synergistically with SMAD4 and YY1 in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated cardiac-specific gene expression.
Gene Name:
SMAD1
Uniprot ID:
Q15797
Molecular Weight:
52259.72 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
AC500.20 uMATG_BRE_CISAttagene
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
Target Details
15. Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Transcriptional regulator which is important for the differentiation and maintenance of meso-diencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons during development. It is crucial for expression of a set of genes such as SLC6A3, SLC18A2, TH and DRD2 which are essential for development of mdDA neurons (By similarity).
Gene Name:
NR4A2
Uniprot ID:
P43354
Molecular Weight:
66590.375 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
AC500.89 uMATG_NURR1_TRANSAttagene
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
Target Details
16. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Ligand-activated transcription factor. Key regulator of lipid metabolism. Activated by the endogenous ligand 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-GPC). Activated by oleylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid that regulates satiety. Receptor for peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the ACOX1 and P450 genes. Transactivation activity requires heterodimerization with RXRA and is antagonized by NR2C2. May be required for the propagation of clock information to metabolic pathways regulated by PER2.
Gene Name:
PPARA
Uniprot ID:
Q07869
Molecular Weight:
52224.595 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
AC501.93 uMATG_PPARa_TRANSAttagene
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
Target Details
17. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
General Function:
Transcriptional activator activity, rna polymerase ii distal enhancer sequence-specific binding
Specific Function:
Transcription activator that binds to antioxidant response (ARE) elements in the promoter regions of target genes. Important for the coordinated up-regulation of genes in response to oxidative stress. May be involved in the transcriptional activation of genes of the beta-globin cluster by mediating enhancer activity of hypersensitive site 2 of the beta-globin locus control region.
Gene Name:
NFE2L2
Uniprot ID:
Q16236
Molecular Weight:
67825.9 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
AC503.95 uMATG_NRF2_ARE_CISAttagene
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]