Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Creation Date | 2010-05-05 18:02:55 UTC |
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Update Date | 2014-12-24 20:26:28 UTC |
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Accession Number | T3D3735 |
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Identification |
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Common Name | Dicumarol |
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Class | Small Molecule |
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Description | Dicumarol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases. [PubChem] Dicumarol inhibits vitamin K reductase, resulting in depletion of the reduced form of vitamin K (vitamin KH2). As vitamin K is a cofactor for the carboxylation of glutamate residues on the N-terminal regions of vitamin K-dependent proteins, this limits the gamma-carboxylation and subsequent activation of the vitamin K-dependent coagulant proteins. The synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X and anticoagulant proteins C and S is inhibited. Depression of three of the four vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (factors II, VII, and X) results in decresed prothrombin levels and a decrease in the amount of thrombin generated and bound to fibrin. This reduces the thrombogenicity of clots. |
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Compound Type | - Anticoagulant
- Drug
- Enzyme Inhibitor
- Ester
- Food Toxin
- Fungal Toxin
- Metabolite
- Mycotoxin
- Natural Compound
- Organic Compound
- Uncoupling Agent
- Vitamin K Antagonist
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Chemical Structure | |
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Synonyms | Synonym | 3,3'-Methylen-bis(4-hydroxy-cumarin) | 3,3'-Methylene-bis(4-hydroxycoumarine) | 3,3'-Methylenebis(4-hydroxy-1,2-benzopyrone) | 3,3'-Methylenebis(4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one) | 3,3'-Methylenebis(4-hydroxycoumarin) | Bis(4-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl)methane | bis-3,3'-(4-hydroxycoumarinyl)methane | Bis-Hydroxycoumarin | Bishydroxycoumarin | di-(4-hydroxy-3-coumarinyl)methane | Dicoumarin | Dicoumarol | Dicoumarolum |
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Chemical Formula | C19H12O6 |
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Average Molecular Mass | 336.295 g/mol |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 336.063 g/mol |
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CAS Registry Number | 66-76-2 |
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IUPAC Name | 4-hydroxy-3-[(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)methyl]-2H-chromen-2-one |
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Traditional Name | dicoumarol |
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SMILES | OC1=C(CC2=C(O)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=O)C(=O)OC2=CC=CC=C12 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C19H12O6/c20-16-10-5-1-3-7-14(10)24-18(22)12(16)9-13-17(21)11-6-2-4-8-15(11)25-19(13)23/h1-8,20-21H,9H2 |
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InChI Key | InChIKey=DOBMPNYZJYQDGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 4-hydroxycoumarins. These are coumarins that contain one or more hydroxyl groups attached to C4-position the coumarin skeleton. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Phenylpropanoids and polyketides |
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Class | Coumarins and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Hydroxycoumarins |
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Direct Parent | 4-hydroxycoumarins |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - 4-hydroxycoumarin
- Benzopyran
- 1-benzopyran
- Pyranone
- Pyran
- Benzenoid
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Vinylogous acid
- Lactone
- Oxacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Biological Properties |
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Status | Detected and Not Quantified |
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Origin | Exogenous |
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Cellular Locations | - Cytoplasm
- Extracellular
- Membrane
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Biofluid Locations | Not Available |
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Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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Pathways | Name | SMPDB Link | KEGG Link |
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Dicumarol Pathway | Not Available | Not Available |
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Applications | |
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Biological Roles | |
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Chemical Roles | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Appearance | White powder. |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value |
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Melting Point | 290°C | Boiling Point | Not Available | Solubility | 128 mg/L | LogP | 2.07 |
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Predicted Properties | |
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Spectra |
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Spectra | Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | View |
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GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0079-6914000000-95659ff5087535a07662 | 2017-09-12 | View Spectrum | GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0079-6914000000-95659ff5087535a07662 | 2018-05-18 | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0abi-1429000000-b3b5b41c6d8058aa0750 | 2017-09-01 | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-00di-6111900000-373caca34eb4c76ecec6 | 2017-10-06 | View Spectrum | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-000i-0109000000-3c885b6fd0411c0ff106 | 2016-08-03 | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-002r-0719000000-9268ef0a7aa4edc0f242 | 2016-08-03 | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-00di-2911000000-04685f91d611459131c1 | 2016-08-03 | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative | splash10-000i-0129000000-e46a63fb14d246913958 | 2016-08-03 | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative | splash10-03di-0924000000-3d4892a9013fb818db2c | 2016-08-03 | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative | splash10-052f-8941000000-5d292f12289cd60d251e | 2016-08-03 | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative | splash10-000i-0009000000-cf75db3fcf76086bc0a2 | 2021-09-22 | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative | splash10-000i-0529000000-7a6f916db51a10874a5c | 2021-09-22 | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative | splash10-00du-3910000000-e6d48e72ac9f9dddf912 | 2021-09-22 | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-000i-0009000000-a487dc1a344a66353635 | 2021-09-22 | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-01t9-0901000000-74ccf5992000b52087f7 | 2021-09-22 | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-00ku-0392000000-56dee6c1117cdcc0532d | 2021-09-22 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Not Available | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Not Available | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Not Available | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Not Available | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Not Available | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Not Available | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Not Available | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Not Available | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Not Available | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Not Available | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Not Available | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Not Available | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Not Available | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Not Available | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Not Available | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Not Available | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Not Available | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Not Available | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Not Available | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Not Available | 2021-09-25 | View Spectrum |
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Toxicity Profile |
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Route of Exposure | Oral, dermal, inhalation, and parenteral (contaminated drugs). (6) |
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Mechanism of Toxicity | Dicoumarol is an anticoagulant that competitively inhibits vitamin K, preventing the formation of prothrombin. It does this by inhibiting the enzyme NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1, which is required for the reduction of vitamin K to its hydroquinone. Reduced vitamin K is a cofactor needed in the conversion of prothrombin precursor protein to active prothrombin, an essential protein for blood clotting. In addition, inhibition of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 induces the generation of superoxide anion radicals that inhibit cell growth. Dicoumarol can also potently and reversible inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication, though the precise mechanism is unknown. (9, 2, 3, 4, 5) |
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Metabolism | Not Available |
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Toxicity Values | LD50=233 mg/kg (orally in mice)
LD50=250 mg/kg (orally in rats) |
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Lethal Dose | LD50: 233 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) (1) |
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Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
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Uses/Sources | Dicoumarol is a mycotoxin of combined plant and fungal origin. It is a derivative of coumarin, a substance made by plants which is transformed in mouldy feeds by a number of species of fungi into active dicoumarol. Dicoumarol is an anticoagulant that is used along with heparin for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis, as well as in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases. (9) |
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Minimum Risk Level | Not Available |
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Health Effects | Dicoumarol is an anticoagulant. (9) |
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Symptoms | Dicoumarol can cause bleeding complications. (9) |
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Treatment | Administration of Vitamin K is the antidote for dicoumarol toxicity. (9) |
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Normal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | DB00266 |
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HMDB ID | HMDB14411 |
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PubChem Compound ID | 54676038 |
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ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL1466 |
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ChemSpider ID | 10183330 |
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KEGG ID | C00796 |
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UniProt ID | Not Available |
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OMIM ID | |
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ChEBI ID | 4513 |
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BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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CTD ID | Not Available |
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Stitch ID | Not Available |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ACToR ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia Link | Dicumarol |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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MSDS | Link |
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General References | - Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Cheng D, Shrivastava S, Tzur D, Gautam B, Hassanali M: DrugBank: a knowledgebase for drugs, drug actions and drug targets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jan;36(Database issue):D901-6. Epub 2007 Nov 29. [18048412 ]
- Cullen JJ, Hinkhouse MM, Grady M, Gaut AW, Liu J, Zhang YP, Weydert CJ, Domann FE, Oberley LW: Dicumarol inhibition of NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase induces growth inhibition of pancreatic cancer via a superoxide-mediated mechanism. Cancer Res. 2003 Sep 1;63(17):5513-20. [14500388 ]
- Abdelmohsen K, Stuhlmann D, Daubrawa F, Klotz LO: Dicumarol is a potent reversible inhibitor of gap junctional intercellular communication. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2005 Feb 15;434(2):241-7. [15639223 ]
- Preusch PC, Smalley DM: Vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide and quinone reduction: mechanism and inhibition. Free Radic Res Commun. 1990;8(4-6):401-15. [2113031 ]
- Nelsestuen GL, Suttie JW: The mode of action of vitamin K. Isolation of a peptide containing the vitamin K-dependent portion of prothrombin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Dec;70(12):3366-70. [4519629 ]
- Peraica M, Domijan AM: Contamination of food with mycotoxins and human health. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2001 Mar;52(1):23-35. [11370295 ]
- Mironov AA, Colanzi A, Polishchuk RS, Beznoussenko GV, Mironov AA Jr, Fusella A, Di Tullio G, Silletta MG, Corda D, De Matteis MA, Luini A: Dicumarol, an inhibitor of ADP-ribosylation of CtBP3/BARS, fragments golgi non-compact tubular zones and inhibits intra-golgi transport. Eur J Cell Biol. 2004 Jul;83(6):263-79. [15511084 ]
- Thanos CG, Liu Z, Reineke J, Edwards E, Mathiowitz E: Improving relative bioavailability of dicumarol by reducing particle size and adding the adhesive poly(fumaric-co-sebacic) anhydride. Pharm Res. 2003 Jul;20(7):1093-100. [12880296 ]
- Wikipedia, Dicoumarol. Last Updated 29 April 2010. [Link]
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Gene Regulation |
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Up-Regulated Genes | Not Available |
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Down-Regulated Genes | Not Available |
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