Mirtazapine (T3D2767)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesGene RegulationTargets (23)XML
Targets (23)
Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2009-07-21 20:26:43 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:25:51 UTC
Accession NumberT3D2767
Identification
Common NameMirtazapine
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionMirtazapine is an antidepressant introduced by Organon International in 1996 used for the treatment of moderate to severe depression. Mirtazapine has a tetracyclic chemical structure and is classified as a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA). It is the only tetracyclic antidepressant that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat depression.
Compound Type
  • Adrenergic alpha-Antagonist
  • Amine
  • Antidepressive Agent, Tricyclic
  • Drug
  • Food Toxin
  • Histamine H1 Antagonist
  • Metabolite
  • Organic Compound
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
Synonym
1,2,3,4,10,14b-Hexahydro-2-methylpyrazino(2,1-a)pyrido(2,3-c)benzazepine
6-Azamianserin
Avanza
Axit
Mepirzapine
Mepirzepine
Mirtabene
Mirtaz
Mirtazapin
Mirtazapina
Mirtazapinum
Mirtazepine
Mirtazon
Norset
Promyrtil
Remergil
Remergon
Remeron
Remeron SolTab
Rexer
Zispin
Chemical FormulaC17H19N3
Average Molecular Mass265.353 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass265.158 g/mol
CAS Registry Number61337-67-5
IUPAC Name5-methyl-2,5,19-triazatetracyclo[13.4.0.0²,⁷.0⁸,¹³]nonadeca-1(15),8,10,12,16,18-hexaene
Traditional Namemirtazapine
SMILESCN1CCN2C(C1)C1=CC=CC=C1CC1=C2N=CC=C1
InChI IdentifierInChI=1/C17H19N3/c1-19-9-10-20-16(12-19)15-7-3-2-5-13(15)11-14-6-4-8-18-17(14)20/h2-8,16H,9-12H2,1H3
InChI KeyInChIKey=RONZAEMNMFQXRA-UHFFFAOYNA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as piperazinoazepines. Piperazinoazepines are compounds containing a piperazinoazepine skeleton, which consists of an azepine ring fused to a piperazine.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassPiperazinoazepines
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentPiperazinoazepines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Benzazepine
  • Piperazino-azepine
  • Dialkylarylamine
  • Azepine
  • N-methylpiperazine
  • N-alkylpiperazine
  • Aralkylamine
  • Imidolactam
  • Benzenoid
  • Pyridine
  • Piperazine
  • 1,4-diazinane
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Tertiary amine
  • Azacycle
  • Amine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
Applications
Biological Roles
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceWhite powder.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point114-116°C
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilitySlight
LogP2.9
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.1 g/LALOGPS
logP2.9ALOGPS
logP3.21ChemAxon
logS-2.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)6.67ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area19.37 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity82.66 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability30.35 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0kmr-0190000000-a83848620967f6019b9d2017-09-01View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , Positivesplash10-001i-0920000000-0a76314cf99840d246ad2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , Positivesplash10-001i-1920000000-27fff664f04384263f022017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , Positivesplash10-014j-0790000000-5653705decf2e797e1222017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-014i-0090000000-57eb768d0827fa54b2482017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-014j-0490000000-4baae8cca5ab43f65dd92017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-0002-0910000000-c22ff3266fd0a936312d2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-0002-0900000000-ba0af76733c8ba5925ce2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-0002-0900000000-1b44d823d26f0e0bcd4d2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-014i-0090000000-3582965e74f282e6bdea2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-014i-3290000000-d8839a66bb5976dbb5fd2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-006t-5930000000-9d1fc48d559a70f6a0e12017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-0002-2910000000-7c8bdce5145b9fd2fda02017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-0002-1900000000-05e225af5ed24498466e2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-0005-1900000000-f4e13abbfa0358ad282c2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-00kf-2900000000-0a101b135d8e91d9b9a22017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-014l-2900000000-6c01bee517524e647dc22017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-014u-3900000000-7b5b5e6493206d8c9a672017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positivesplash10-014j-0890000000-37665999329d651a10382017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positivesplash10-001i-0920000000-0a76314cf99840d246ad2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positivesplash10-001i-1920000000-27fff664f04384263f022017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positivesplash10-014j-0790000000-5653705decf2e797e1222017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positivesplash10-0002-2910000000-63ecec66eeef916c6ccf2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-014i-0090000000-7d63abc3646b01e9ca0b2021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 50V, Positivesplash10-0005-0900000000-63232fade3bde30c68182021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 50V, Positivesplash10-0002-0900000000-678be0a9bfb1ed536c712021-09-20View Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureOral. Rapid and complete, but, due to first-pass metabolism, absolute bioavailability is 50%.
Mechanism of ToxicityMirtazapine acts as an antagonist at central pre-synaptic alpha(2)-receptors, inhibiting negative feedback to the presynaptic nerve and causing an increase in NE release. Blockade of heteroreceptors, alpha(2)-receptors contained in serotenergic neurons, enhances the release of 5-HT, increasing the interactions between 5-HT and 5-HT1 receptors and contributing to the anxiolytic effects of mirtazapine. Mirtazapine also acts as a weak antagonist at 5-HT1 receptors and as a potent antagonist at 5-HT2 (particularly subtypes 2A and 2C) and 5-HT3 receptors. Blockade of these receptors may explain the lower incidence of adverse effects such as anxiety, insomnia, and nausea. Mirtazapine also exhibits significant antagonism at H1-receptors, resulting in sedation. Mirtazapine has no effects on the reuptake of either NE or 5-HT and has only minimal activity at dopaminergic and muscarinic receptors.
MetabolismMirtazapine is extensively metabolized by demethylation and hydroxylation followed by glucuronide conjugation. Cytochrome P450 2D6 and cytochrome P450 1A2 are involved in formation of the 8-hydroxy metabolite of mirtazapine, and cytochrome P450 3A4 is responsible for the formation of the N-desmethyl and N-oxide metabolites. Several metabolites possess pharmacological activity, but plasma levels are very low. Route of Elimination: This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney (75%). Half Life: 20-40 hours
Toxicity ValuesLD50: 600-720mg/kg (oral, mice) (8) LD50: 320-490mg/kg (oral, rat) (8)
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesFor the treatment of major depressive disorder.
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsNot Available
SymptomsSymptoms of overdose include disorientation, drowsiness, impaired memory, and tachycardia.
TreatmentTreatment should consist of those general measures employed in the management of overdose with any drug effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Ensure an adequate airway, oxygenation, and ventilation. Monitor cardiac rhythm and vital signs. General supportive and symptomatic measures are also recommended. Induction of emesis is not recommended. Gastric lavage with a large-bore orogastric tube with appropriate airway protection, if needed, may be indicated if performed soon after ingestion, or in symptomatic patients. Activated charcoal should be administered. There is no experience with the use of forced diuresis, dialysis, hemoperfusion or exchange transfusion in the treatment of mirtazapine overdosage. No specific antidotes for mirtazapine are known. (9)
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDDB00370
HMDB IDHMDB14514
PubChem Compound ID4205
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL654
ChemSpider ID4060
KEGG IDC07570
UniProt IDNot Available
OMIM ID
ChEBI ID6950
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDNot Available
Stitch IDMirtazapine
PDB IDNot Available
ACToR IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkMirtazapine
References
Synthesis Reference

Leonid Metzger, “Methods for the preparation of mirtazapine intermediates.” U.S. Patent US20020165238, issued November 07, 2002.

MSDSLink
General References
  1. Gillman PK: A systematic review of the serotonergic effects of mirtazapine in humans: implications for its dual action status. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2006 Mar;21(2):117-25. [16342227 ]
  2. Burrows GD, Kremer CM: Mirtazapine: clinical advantages in the treatment of depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997 Apr;17 Suppl 1:34S-39S. [9090576 ]
  3. Velazquez C, Carlson A, Stokes KA, Leikin JB: Relative safety of mirtazapine overdose. Vet Hum Toxicol. 2001 Dec;43(6):342-4. [11757992 ]
  4. Gorman JM: Mirtazapine: clinical overview. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60 Suppl 17:9-13; discussion 46-8. [10446735 ]
  5. Baldwin DS, Anderson IM, Nutt DJ, Bandelow B, Bond A, Davidson JR, den Boer JA, Fineberg NA, Knapp M, Scott J, Wittchen HU: Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol. 2005 Nov;19(6):567-96. [16272179 ]
  6. Fawcett J, Barkin RL: Review of the results from clinical studies on the efficacy, safety and tolerability of mirtazapine for the treatment of patients with major depression. J Affect Disord. 1998 Dec;51(3):267-85. [10333982 ]
  7. Drugs.com [Link]
  8. WikiTox description of Mirtazapine [Link]
  9. RxList: The Internet Drug Index (2009). [Link]
  10. Pubmed [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated Genes
GeneGene SymbolGene IDInteractionChromosomeDetails
Down-Regulated GenesNot Available

Targets

Target Details
1. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
General Function:
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity and activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that regulates the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Plays a role in the regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine release and in the regulation of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism. Plays a role in the regulation of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in the brain, and thereby affects neural activity, mood and behavior. Plays a role in the response to anxiogenic stimuli.
Gene Name:
HTR1A
Uniprot ID:
P08908
Molecular Weight:
46106.335 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory>0.018 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
References
  1. Schreiber S, Bleich A, Pick CG: Venlafaxine and mirtazapine: different mechanisms of antidepressant action, common opioid-mediated antinociceptive effects--a possible opioid involvement in severe depression? J Mol Neurosci. 2002 Feb-Apr;18(1-2):143-9. [11931344 ]
  2. Besson A, Haddjeri N, Blier P, de Montigny C: Effects of the co-administration of mirtazapine and paroxetine on serotonergic neurotransmission in the rat brain. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2000 May;10(3):177-88. [10793320 ]
  3. Rogoz Z, Wrobel A, Dlaboga D, Maj J, Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M: Effect of repeated treatment with mirtazapine on the central alpha1-adrenergic receptors. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2002 Mar;53(1):105-16. [11939713 ]
  4. Rogoz Z, Wrobel A, Dlaboga D, Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M: Effect of repeated treatment with mirtazapine on the central dopaminergic D2/D3 receptors. Pol J Pharmacol. 2002 Jul-Aug;54(4):381-9. [12523492 ]
  5. Houlihan DJ: Serotonin syndrome resulting from coadministration of tramadol, venlafaxine, and mirtazapine. Ann Pharmacother. 2004 Mar;38(3):411-3. Epub 2004 Jan 23. [14970364 ]
  6. Wikstrom HV, Mensonides-Harsema MM, Cremers TI, Moltzen EK, Arnt J: Synthesis and pharmacological testing of 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydro-6-methoxy-2-methyldibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepin and its enantiomers in comparison with the two antidepressants mianserin and mirtazapine. J Med Chem. 2002 Jul 18;45(15):3280-5. [12109911 ]
Target Details
2. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A
General Function:
Virus receptor activity
Specific Function:
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including mescaline, psilocybin, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates phospholipase C and a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Affects neural activity, perception, cognition and mood. Plays a role in the regulation of behavior, including responses to anxiogenic situations and psychoactive substances. Plays a role in intestinal smooth muscle contraction, and may play a role in arterial vasoconstriction.(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for human JC polyomavirus/JCPyV.
Gene Name:
HTR2A
Uniprot ID:
P28223
Molecular Weight:
52602.58 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.069 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
References
  1. Gorman JM: Mirtazapine: clinical overview. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60 Suppl 17:9-13; discussion 46-8. [10446735 ]
  2. Westenberg HG: Pharmacology of antidepressants: selectivity or multiplicity? J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60 Suppl 17:4-8; discussion 46-8. [10446734 ]
  3. Nutt DJ: Care of depressed patients with anxiety symptoms. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60 Suppl 17:23-7; discussion 46-8. [10446738 ]
  4. Laakmann G, Schule C, Baghai T, Waldvogel E: Effects of mirtazapine on growth hormone, prolactin, and cortisol secretion in healthy male subjects. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1999 Oct;24(7):769-84. [10451911 ]
  5. Waldinger MD, Berendsen HH, Schweitzer DH: Treatment of hot flushes with mirtazapine: four case reports. Maturitas. 2000 Oct 31;36(3):165-8. [11063897 ]
  6. Fernandez J, Alonso JM, Andres JI, Cid JM, Diaz A, Iturrino L, Gil P, Megens A, Sipido VK, Trabanco AA: Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents. J Med Chem. 2005 Mar 24;48(6):1709-12. [15771415 ]
Target Details
3. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C
General Function:
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including ergot alkaloid derivatives, 1-2,5,-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and down-stream signaling cascades and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Regulates neuronal activity via the activation of short transient receptor potential calcium channels in the brain, and thereby modulates the activation of pro-opiomelacortin neurons and the release of CRH that then regulates the release of corticosterone. Plays a role in the regulation of appetite and eating behavior, responses to anxiogenic stimuli and stress. Plays a role in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.
Gene Name:
HTR2C
Uniprot ID:
P28335
Molecular Weight:
51820.705 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.039 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
References
  1. Benelli A, Frigeri C, Bertolini A, Genedani S: Influence of mirtazapine on the sexual behavior of male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004 Jan;171(3):250-8. Epub 2003 Nov 13. [14615872 ]
  2. Millan MJ, Gobert A, Rivet JM, Adhumeau-Auclair A, Cussac D, Newman-Tancredi A, Dekeyne A, Nicolas JP, Lejeune F: Mirtazapine enhances frontocortical dopaminergic and corticolimbic adrenergic, but not serotonergic, transmission by blockade of alpha2-adrenergic and serotonin2C receptors: a comparison with citalopram. Eur J Neurosci. 2000 Mar;12(3):1079-95. [10762339 ]
  3. Meert TF, Melis W, Aerts N, Clincke G: Antagonism of meta-chlorophenylpiperazine-induced inhibition of exploratory activity in an emergence procedure, the open field test, in rats. Behav Pharmacol. 1997 Aug;8(4):353-63. [9832994 ]
  4. Millan MJ: Serotonin 5-HT2C receptors as a target for the treatment of depressive and anxious states: focus on novel therapeutic strategies. Therapie. 2005 Sep-Oct;60(5):441-60. [16433010 ]
  5. Dekeyne A, Iob L, Millan MJ: Following long-term training with citalopram, both mirtazapine and mianserin block its discriminative stimulus properties in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001 Jan;153(3):389-92. [11271412 ]
  6. Fernandez J, Alonso JM, Andres JI, Cid JM, Diaz A, Iturrino L, Gil P, Megens A, Sipido VK, Trabanco AA: Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents. J Med Chem. 2005 Mar 24;48(6):1709-12. [15771415 ]
Target Details
4. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A
General Function:
Voltage-gated potassium channel activity
Specific Function:
This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. This receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel, which when activated causes fast, depolarizing responses in neurons. It is a cation-specific, but otherwise relatively nonselective, ion channel.
Gene Name:
HTR3A
Uniprot ID:
P46098
Molecular Weight:
55279.835 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory2.9 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [11752352 ]
  2. Gorman JM: Mirtazapine: clinical overview. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60 Suppl 17:9-13; discussion 46-8. [10446735 ]
  3. Westenberg HG: Pharmacology of antidepressants: selectivity or multiplicity? J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60 Suppl 17:4-8; discussion 46-8. [10446734 ]
  4. Kast RE, Foley KF: Cancer chemotherapy and cachexia: mirtazapine and olanzapine are 5-HT3 antagonists with good antinausea effects. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2007 Jul;16(4):351-4. [17587360 ]
  5. de Boer T: The effects of mirtazapine on central noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1995 Dec;10 Suppl 4:19-23. [8930006 ]
  6. Dukat M, Alix K, Worsham J, Khatri S, Schulte MK: 2-Amino-6-chloro-3,4-dihydroquinazoline: A novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with antidepressant character. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2013 Nov 1;23(21):5945-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.08.072. Epub 2013 Aug 24. [24035337 ]
Target Details
5. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B
General Function:
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various ergot alkaloid derivatives and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and down-stream signaling cascades and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Plays a role in the regulation of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine release, 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake and in the regulation of extracellular dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels, and thereby affects neural activity. May play a role in the perception of pain. Plays a role in the regulation of behavior, including impulsive behavior. Required for normal proliferation of embryonic cardiac myocytes and normal heart development. Protects cardiomyocytes against apoptosis. Plays a role in the adaptation of pulmonary arteries to chronic hypoxia. Plays a role in vasoconstriction. Required for normal osteoblast function and proliferation, and for maintaining normal bone density. Required for normal proliferation of the interstitial cells of Cajal in the intestine.
Gene Name:
HTR2B
Uniprot ID:
P41595
Molecular Weight:
54297.41 Da
References
  1. de Boer T: The pharmacologic profile of mirtazapine. J Clin Psychiatry. 1996;57 Suppl 4:19-25. [8636062 ]
  2. Fernandez J, Alonso JM, Andres JI, Cid JM, Diaz A, Iturrino L, Gil P, Megens A, Sipido VK, Trabanco AA: Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents. J Med Chem. 2005 Mar 24;48(6):1709-12. [15771415 ]
  3. de Boer TH, Maura G, Raiteri M, de Vos CJ, Wieringa J, Pinder RM: Neurochemical and autonomic pharmacological profiles of the 6-aza-analogue of mianserin, Org 3770 and its enantiomers. Neuropharmacology. 1988 Apr;27(4):399-408. [3419539 ]
  4. Millan MJ, Gobert A, Rivet JM, Adhumeau-Auclair A, Cussac D, Newman-Tancredi A, Dekeyne A, Nicolas JP, Lejeune F: Mirtazapine enhances frontocortical dopaminergic and corticolimbic adrenergic, but not serotonergic, transmission by blockade of alpha2-adrenergic and serotonin2C receptors: a comparison with citalopram. Eur J Neurosci. 2000 Mar;12(3):1079-95. [10762339 ]
Target Details
6. Histamine H3 receptor
General Function:
Histamine receptor activity
Specific Function:
The H3 subclass of histamine receptors could mediate the histamine signals in CNS and peripheral nervous system. Signals through the inhibition of adenylate cyclase and displays high constitutive activity (spontaneous activity in the absence of agonist). Agonist stimulation of isoform 3 neither modified adenylate cyclase activity nor induced intracellular calcium mobilization.
Gene Name:
HRH3
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y5N1
Molecular Weight:
48670.81 Da
References
  1. Pytliak M, Vargova V, Mechirova V, Felsoci M: Serotonin receptors - from molecular biology to clinical applications. Physiol Res. 2011;60(1):15-25. Epub 2010 Oct 15. [20945968 ]
  2. Fernandez J, Alonso JM, Andres JI, Cid JM, Diaz A, Iturrino L, Gil P, Megens A, Sipido VK, Trabanco AA: Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents. J Med Chem. 2005 Mar 24;48(6):1709-12. [15771415 ]
  3. de Boer TH, Maura G, Raiteri M, de Vos CJ, Wieringa J, Pinder RM: Neurochemical and autonomic pharmacological profiles of the 6-aza-analogue of mianserin, Org 3770 and its enantiomers. Neuropharmacology. 1988 Apr;27(4):399-408. [3419539 ]
  4. Millan MJ, Gobert A, Rivet JM, Adhumeau-Auclair A, Cussac D, Newman-Tancredi A, Dekeyne A, Nicolas JP, Lejeune F: Mirtazapine enhances frontocortical dopaminergic and corticolimbic adrenergic, but not serotonergic, transmission by blockade of alpha2-adrenergic and serotonin2C receptors: a comparison with citalopram. Eur J Neurosci. 2000 Mar;12(3):1079-95. [10762339 ]
7. Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (Protein Group)
General Function:
Protein heterodimerization activity
Specific Function:
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins. Nuclear ADRA1A-ADRA1B heterooligomers regulate phenylephrine(PE)-stimulated ERK signaling in cardiac myocytes.
Included Proteins:
P35348 , P35368 , P25100
References
  1. Fernandez J, Alonso JM, Andres JI, Cid JM, Diaz A, Iturrino L, Gil P, Megens A, Sipido VK, Trabanco AA: Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents. J Med Chem. 2005 Mar 24;48(6):1709-12. [15771415 ]
  2. de Boer TH, Maura G, Raiteri M, de Vos CJ, Wieringa J, Pinder RM: Neurochemical and autonomic pharmacological profiles of the 6-aza-analogue of mianserin, Org 3770 and its enantiomers. Neuropharmacology. 1988 Apr;27(4):399-408. [3419539 ]
  3. Wikstrom HV, Mensonides-Harsema MM, Cremers TI, Moltzen EK, Arnt J: Synthesis and pharmacological testing of 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydro-6-methoxy-2-methyldibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepin and its enantiomers in comparison with the two antidepressants mianserin and mirtazapine. J Med Chem. 2002 Jul 18;45(15):3280-5. [12109911 ]
Target Details
8. Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor
General Function:
Thioesterase binding
Specific Function:
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazoline > clonidine > epinephrine > norepinephrine > phenylephrine > dopamine > p-synephrine > p-tyramine > serotonin = p-octopamine. For antagonists, the rank order is yohimbine > phentolamine = mianserine > chlorpromazine = spiperone = prazosin > propanolol > alprenolol = pindolol.
Gene Name:
ADRA2A
Uniprot ID:
P08913
Molecular Weight:
48956.275 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.02 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
IC500.08511 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
References
  1. Garcia-Sevilla JA, Ventayol P, Perez V, Rubovszky G, Puigdemont D, Ferrer-Alcon M, Andreoli A, Guimon J, Alvarez E: Regulation of platelet alpha 2A-adrenoceptors, Gi proteins and receptor kinases in major depression: effects of mirtazapine treatment. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004 Mar;29(3):580-8. [14628003 ]
  2. Kennis LE, Bischoff FP, Mertens CJ, Love CJ, Van den Keybus FA, Pieters S, Braeken M, Megens AA, Leysen JE: New 2-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine having highly active and potent central alpha 2-antagonistic activity as potential antidepressants. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2000 Jan 3;10(1):71-4. [10636247 ]
  3. Fernandez J, Alonso JM, Andres JI, Cid JM, Diaz A, Iturrino L, Gil P, Megens A, Sipido VK, Trabanco AA: Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents. J Med Chem. 2005 Mar 24;48(6):1709-12. [15771415 ]
Target Details
9. Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor
General Function:
Protein homodimerization activity
Specific Function:
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins.
Gene Name:
ADRA2C
Uniprot ID:
P18825
Molecular Weight:
49521.585 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.018 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
IC500.2 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
References
  1. Fernandez J, Alonso JM, Andres JI, Cid JM, Diaz A, Iturrino L, Gil P, Megens A, Sipido VK, Trabanco AA: Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents. J Med Chem. 2005 Mar 24;48(6):1709-12. [15771415 ]
  2. de Boer TH, Maura G, Raiteri M, de Vos CJ, Wieringa J, Pinder RM: Neurochemical and autonomic pharmacological profiles of the 6-aza-analogue of mianserin, Org 3770 and its enantiomers. Neuropharmacology. 1988 Apr;27(4):399-408. [3419539 ]
  3. Kennis LE, Bischoff FP, Mertens CJ, Love CJ, Van den Keybus FA, Pieters S, Braeken M, Megens AA, Leysen JE: New 2-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine having highly active and potent central alpha 2-antagonistic activity as potential antidepressants. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2000 Jan 3;10(1):71-4. [10636247 ]
10. D(1) dopamine receptor (Protein Group)
General Function:
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function:
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
Included Proteins:
P21728 , P21918
References
  1. Fernandez J, Alonso JM, Andres JI, Cid JM, Diaz A, Iturrino L, Gil P, Megens A, Sipido VK, Trabanco AA: Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents. J Med Chem. 2005 Mar 24;48(6):1709-12. [15771415 ]
  2. de Boer TH, Maura G, Raiteri M, de Vos CJ, Wieringa J, Pinder RM: Neurochemical and autonomic pharmacological profiles of the 6-aza-analogue of mianserin, Org 3770 and its enantiomers. Neuropharmacology. 1988 Apr;27(4):399-408. [3419539 ]
  3. de Boer T: The effects of mirtazapine on central noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1995 Dec;10 Suppl 4:19-23. [8930006 ]
Target Details
11. D(2) dopamine receptor
General Function:
Potassium channel regulator activity
Specific Function:
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name:
DRD2
Uniprot ID:
P14416
Molecular Weight:
50618.91 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory>5.454 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
References
  1. Wikstrom HV, Mensonides-Harsema MM, Cremers TI, Moltzen EK, Arnt J: Synthesis and pharmacological testing of 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydro-6-methoxy-2-methyldibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepin and its enantiomers in comparison with the two antidepressants mianserin and mirtazapine. J Med Chem. 2002 Jul 18;45(15):3280-5. [12109911 ]
  2. Fernandez J, Alonso JM, Andres JI, Cid JM, Diaz A, Iturrino L, Gil P, Megens A, Sipido VK, Trabanco AA: Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents. J Med Chem. 2005 Mar 24;48(6):1709-12. [15771415 ]
  3. de Boer TH, Maura G, Raiteri M, de Vos CJ, Wieringa J, Pinder RM: Neurochemical and autonomic pharmacological profiles of the 6-aza-analogue of mianserin, Org 3770 and its enantiomers. Neuropharmacology. 1988 Apr;27(4):399-408. [3419539 ]
Target Details
12. D(3) dopamine receptor
General Function:
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function:
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Promotes cell proliferation.
Gene Name:
DRD3
Uniprot ID:
P35462
Molecular Weight:
44224.335 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory5.723 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
Inhibitory>0.02 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
References
  1. Wikstrom HV, Mensonides-Harsema MM, Cremers TI, Moltzen EK, Arnt J: Synthesis and pharmacological testing of 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydro-6-methoxy-2-methyldibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepin and its enantiomers in comparison with the two antidepressants mianserin and mirtazapine. J Med Chem. 2002 Jul 18;45(15):3280-5. [12109911 ]
  2. Fernandez J, Alonso JM, Andres JI, Cid JM, Diaz A, Iturrino L, Gil P, Megens A, Sipido VK, Trabanco AA: Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents. J Med Chem. 2005 Mar 24;48(6):1709-12. [15771415 ]
  3. de Boer TH, Maura G, Raiteri M, de Vos CJ, Wieringa J, Pinder RM: Neurochemical and autonomic pharmacological profiles of the 6-aza-analogue of mianserin, Org 3770 and its enantiomers. Neuropharmacology. 1988 Apr;27(4):399-408. [3419539 ]
Target Details
13. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7
General Function:
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:
This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase.
Gene Name:
HTR7
Uniprot ID:
P34969
Molecular Weight:
53554.43 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.265 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
References
  1. Fernandez J, Alonso JM, Andres JI, Cid JM, Diaz A, Iturrino L, Gil P, Megens A, Sipido VK, Trabanco AA: Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents. J Med Chem. 2005 Mar 24;48(6):1709-12. [15771415 ]
  2. de Boer TH, Maura G, Raiteri M, de Vos CJ, Wieringa J, Pinder RM: Neurochemical and autonomic pharmacological profiles of the 6-aza-analogue of mianserin, Org 3770 and its enantiomers. Neuropharmacology. 1988 Apr;27(4):399-408. [3419539 ]
Target Details
14. Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor
General Function:
Protein heterodimerization activity
Specific Function:
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins. Nuclear ADRA1A-ADRA1B heterooligomers regulate phenylephrine(PE)-stimulated ERK signaling in cardiac myocytes.
Gene Name:
ADRA1A
Uniprot ID:
P35348
Molecular Weight:
51486.005 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
IC503.16228 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
References
  1. Millan MJ, Gobert A, Rivet JM, Adhumeau-Auclair A, Cussac D, Newman-Tancredi A, Dekeyne A, Nicolas JP, Lejeune F: Mirtazapine enhances frontocortical dopaminergic and corticolimbic adrenergic, but not serotonergic, transmission by blockade of alpha2-adrenergic and serotonin2C receptors: a comparison with citalopram. Eur J Neurosci. 2000 Mar;12(3):1079-95. [10762339 ]
  2. Kennis LE, Bischoff FP, Mertens CJ, Love CJ, Van den Keybus FA, Pieters S, Braeken M, Megens AA, Leysen JE: New 2-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine having highly active and potent central alpha 2-antagonistic activity as potential antidepressants. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2000 Jan 3;10(1):71-4. [10636247 ]
Target Details
15. Histamine H1 receptor
General Function:
Histamine receptor activity
Specific Function:
In peripheral tissues, the H1 subclass of histamine receptors mediates the contraction of smooth muscles, increase in capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules, and catecholamine release from adrenal medulla, as well as mediating neurotransmission in the central nervous system.
Gene Name:
HRH1
Uniprot ID:
P35367
Molecular Weight:
55783.61 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.0016 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [11752352 ]
  2. Fernandez J, Alonso JM, Andres JI, Cid JM, Diaz A, Iturrino L, Gil P, Megens A, Sipido VK, Trabanco AA: Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents. J Med Chem. 2005 Mar 24;48(6):1709-12. [15771415 ]
Target Details
16. Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter
General Function:
Monoamine transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function:
Amine transporter. Terminates the action of dopamine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
Gene Name:
SLC6A3
Uniprot ID:
Q01959
Molecular Weight:
68494.255 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory>10 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
References
  1. Fernandez J, Alonso JM, Andres JI, Cid JM, Diaz A, Iturrino L, Gil P, Megens A, Sipido VK, Trabanco AA: Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents. J Med Chem. 2005 Mar 24;48(6):1709-12. [15771415 ]
  2. Tatsumi M, Groshan K, Blakely RD, Richelson E: Pharmacological profile of antidepressants and related compounds at human monoamine transporters. Eur J Pharmacol. 1997 Dec 11;340(2-3):249-58. [9537821 ]
Target Details
17. Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter
General Function:
Norepinephrine:sodium symporter activity
Specific Function:
Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
Gene Name:
SLC6A2
Uniprot ID:
P23975
Molecular Weight:
69331.42 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory2.9 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
Inhibitory4.6 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
Inhibitory>10 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
References
  1. Fernandez J, Alonso JM, Andres JI, Cid JM, Diaz A, Iturrino L, Gil P, Megens A, Sipido VK, Trabanco AA: Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents. J Med Chem. 2005 Mar 24;48(6):1709-12. [15771415 ]
  2. Tatsumi M, Groshan K, Blakely RD, Richelson E: Pharmacological profile of antidepressants and related compounds at human monoamine transporters. Eur J Pharmacol. 1997 Dec 11;340(2-3):249-58. [9537821 ]
Target Details
18. Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter
General Function:
Serotonin:sodium symporter activity
Specific Function:
Serotonin transporter whose primary function in the central nervous system involves the regulation of serotonergic signaling via transport of serotonin molecules from the synaptic cleft back into the pre-synaptic terminal for re-utilization. Plays a key role in mediating regulation of the availability of serotonin to other receptors of serotonergic systems. Terminates the action of serotonin and recycles it in a sodium-dependent manner.
Gene Name:
SLC6A4
Uniprot ID:
P31645
Molecular Weight:
70324.165 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory>10 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
References
  1. Fernandez J, Alonso JM, Andres JI, Cid JM, Diaz A, Iturrino L, Gil P, Megens A, Sipido VK, Trabanco AA: Discovery of new tetracyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives as potential broad-spectrum psychotropic agents. J Med Chem. 2005 Mar 24;48(6):1709-12. [15771415 ]
  2. Tatsumi M, Groshan K, Blakely RD, Richelson E: Pharmacological profile of antidepressants and related compounds at human monoamine transporters. Eur J Pharmacol. 1997 Dec 11;340(2-3):249-58. [9537821 ]
Target Details
19. Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor
General Function:
Epinephrine binding
Specific Function:
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is clonidine > norepinephrine > epinephrine = oxymetazoline > dopamine > p-tyramine = phenylephrine > serotonin > p-synephrine / p-octopamine. For antagonists, the rank order is yohimbine > chlorpromazine > phentolamine > mianserine > spiperone > prazosin > alprenolol > propanolol > pindolol.
Gene Name:
ADRA2B
Uniprot ID:
P18089
Molecular Weight:
49565.8 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
IC500.22387 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
References
  1. Kennis LE, Bischoff FP, Mertens CJ, Love CJ, Van den Keybus FA, Pieters S, Braeken M, Megens AA, Leysen JE: New 2-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzofuro[3,2-c]pyridine having highly active and potent central alpha 2-antagonistic activity as potential antidepressants. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2000 Jan 3;10(1):71-4. [10636247 ]
Target Details
20. Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
General Function:
Receptor signaling protein activity
Specific Function:
Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. This receptor binds epinephrine and norepinephrine with approximately equal affinity. Mediates Ras activation through G(s)-alpha- and cAMP-mediated signaling.
Gene Name:
ADRB1
Uniprot ID:
P08588
Molecular Weight:
51322.1 Da
References
  1. Millan MJ, Gobert A, Rivet JM, Adhumeau-Auclair A, Cussac D, Newman-Tancredi A, Dekeyne A, Nicolas JP, Lejeune F: Mirtazapine enhances frontocortical dopaminergic and corticolimbic adrenergic, but not serotonergic, transmission by blockade of alpha2-adrenergic and serotonin2C receptors: a comparison with citalopram. Eur J Neurosci. 2000 Mar;12(3):1079-95. [10762339 ]
Target Details
21. Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
General Function:
Protein homodimerization activity
Specific Function:
Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately 30-fold greater affinity than it does norepinephrine.
Gene Name:
ADRB2
Uniprot ID:
P07550
Molecular Weight:
46458.32 Da
References
  1. Millan MJ, Gobert A, Rivet JM, Adhumeau-Auclair A, Cussac D, Newman-Tancredi A, Dekeyne A, Nicolas JP, Lejeune F: Mirtazapine enhances frontocortical dopaminergic and corticolimbic adrenergic, but not serotonergic, transmission by blockade of alpha2-adrenergic and serotonin2C receptors: a comparison with citalopram. Eur J Neurosci. 2000 Mar;12(3):1079-95. [10762339 ]
Target Details
22. D(4) dopamine receptor
General Function:
Sh3 domain binding
Specific Function:
Dopamine receptor responsible for neuronal signaling in the mesolimbic system of the brain, an area of the brain that regulates emotion and complex behavior. Its activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Modulates the circadian rhythm of contrast sensitivity by regulating the rhythmic expression of NPAS2 in the retinal ganglion cells (By similarity).
Gene Name:
DRD4
Uniprot ID:
P21917
Molecular Weight:
48359.86 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory>0.025 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50115644
References
  1. Wikstrom HV, Mensonides-Harsema MM, Cremers TI, Moltzen EK, Arnt J: Synthesis and pharmacological testing of 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydro-6-methoxy-2-methyldibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepin and its enantiomers in comparison with the two antidepressants mianserin and mirtazapine. J Med Chem. 2002 Jul 18;45(15):3280-5. [12109911 ]
Target Details
23. Kappa-type opioid receptor
General Function:
Opioid receptor activity
Specific Function:
G-protein coupled opioid receptor that functions as receptor for endogenous alpha-neoendorphins and dynorphins, but has low affinity for beta-endorphins. Also functions as receptor for various synthetic opioids and for the psychoactive diterpene salvinorin A. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling leads to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. Inhibits neurotransmitter release by reducing calcium ion currents and increasing potassium ion conductance. Plays a role in the perception of pain. Plays a role in mediating reduced physical activity upon treatment with synthetic opioids. Plays a role in the regulation of salivation in response to synthetic opioids. May play a role in arousal and regulation of autonomic and neuroendocrine functions.
Gene Name:
OPRK1
Uniprot ID:
P41145
Molecular Weight:
42644.665 Da
References
  1. Schreiber S, Rigai T, Katz Y, Pick CG: The antinociceptive effect of mirtazapine in mice is mediated through serotonergic, noradrenergic and opioid mechanisms. Brain Res Bull. 2002 Sep 30;58(6):601-5. [12372565 ]