Browsing Toxins By Category
Displaying toxin 2176 - 2200 of 3678 in total
| T3DB ID | Name CAS Number | Formula Weight | Structure | Type | Mechanism of Toxicity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T3D2679 | Nitrofurantoin 67-20-9 | C8H6N4O5 238.157 g/mol |  |
| Nitrofurantoin is activated by bacterial flavoproteins (nitrofuran reductase) to active reduced reactive intermediates that are thought to modulate and damage ribosoma...more Number of Targets: 4 |
| T3D2680 | Rosuvastatin 287714-41-4 | C22H28FN3O6S 481.538 g/mol |  |
| Rosuvastatin is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. HMG-CoA reductase catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, an early rate-limiting step in chole...more Number of Targets: 3 |
| T3D2690 | Biotin 58-85-5 | C10H16N2O3S 244.311 g/mol |  |
| Biotin is necessary for the proper functioning of enzymes that transport carboxyl units and fix carbon dioxide, and is required for various metabolic functions, includ...more Number of Targets: 10 |
| T3D2692 | Calcitriol 32222-06-3 | C27H44O3 416.637 g/mol |  |
| The mechanism of action of calcitriol in the treatment of psoriasis is accounted for by their antiproliferative activity for keratinocytes and their stimulation of epi...more Number of Targets: 4 |
| T3D2694 | Calcidiol 19356-17-3 | C27H44O2 400.637 g/mol |  |
| Calcidiol is transformed in the kidney by 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-(alpha)-hydroxylase to calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D3. Calcitriol binds to intracellular re...more Number of Targets: 2 |
| T3D2696 | Thiamine 59-43-8 | C12H17N4OS 265.354 g/mol |  |
| It is thought that the mechanism of action of thiamine on endothelial cells is related to a reduction in intracellular protein glycation by redirecting the glycolytic ...more Number of Targets: 4 |
| T3D2697 | Ergocalciferol 50-14-6 | C28H44O 396.648 g/mol |  |
| Vitamin D2 is the form of vitamin D most commonly added to foods and nutritional supplements. Vitamin D2 must be transformed (hydroxylated) into one of two active form...more Number of Targets: 4 |
| T3D2698 | Folic acid 59-30-3 | C19H19N7O6 441.398 g/mol |  |
| Folic acid, as it is biochemically inactive, is converted to tetrahydrofolic acid and methyltetrahydrofolate by dihydrofolate reductase. These folic acid congeners are...more Number of Targets: 8 |
| T3D2699 | Vitamin A 68-26-8 | C20H30O 286.452 g/mol |  |
| Vision:Vitamin A (all-trans retinol) is converted in the retina to the 11-cis-isomer of retinaldehyde or 11-cis-retinal. 11-cis-retinal functions in the retina in the ...more Number of Targets: 32 |
| T3D2700 | Alpha-Tocopherol 59-02-9 | C29H50O2 430.706 g/mol |  |
| Although all forms of Vitamin E exhibit antioxidant activity, it is known that the antioxidant activity of vitamin E is not sufficient to explain the vitamin's biologi...more Number of Targets: 11 |
| T3D2701 | Pyridoxine 65-23-6 | C8H11NO3 169.178 g/mol |  |
| Vitamin B6 is the collective term for a group of three related compounds, pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL) and pyridoxamine (PM), and their phosphorylated derivatives, ...more Number of Targets: 6 |
| T3D2702 | (R)-lipoic acid 62-46-4 | C8H14O2S2 206.326 g/mol |  |
| (R)-lipoic acid is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. A cholinesterase inhibitor (or 'anticholinesterase') suppresses the action of acetylcholi...more Number of Targets: 6 |
| T3D2703 | Cholecalciferol 67-97-0 | C27H44O 384.638 g/mol |  |
| The first step involved in the activation of vitamin D3 is a 25-hydroxylation which is catalysed by the 25-hydroxylase in the liver and then by other enzymes. The mito...more Number of Targets: 4 |
| T3D2704 | Menadione 58-27-5 | C11H8O2 172.180 g/mol |  |
| Menadione (vitamin K3) is involved as a cofactor in the posttranslational gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues of certain proteins in the body. These proteins...more Number of Targets: 24 |
| T3D2705 | Fluvoxamine 54739-18-3 | C15H21F3N2O2 318.335 g/mol |  |
| The exact mechanism of action of fluvoxamine has not been fully determined, but appears to be linked to its inhibition of CNS neuronal uptake of serotonin. Fluvoxamine...more Number of Targets: 8 |
| T3D2706 | Amphetamine 300-62-9 | C9H13N 135.206 g/mol |  |
| Amphetamines stimulate the release of norepinephrine from central adrenergic receptors. At higher dosages, they cause release of dopamine from the mesocorticolimbic sy...more Number of Targets: 14 |
| T3D2707 | Lorazepam 846-49-1 | C15H10Cl2N2O2 321.158 g/mol |  |
| Lorazepam binds to an allosteric site on GABA-A receptors, which are pentameric ionotropic receptors in the CNS. Binding potentiates the effects of the inhibitory neur...more Number of Targets: 20 |
| T3D2708 | Ethchlorvynol 113-18-8 | C7H9ClO 144.599 g/mol |  |
| Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, ethchlorvynol appears to depress the central nervous system in a manner similar to that of barbiturates. Barbiturate...more Number of Targets: 10 |
| T3D2709 | Phentermine 122-09-8 | C10H15N 149.233 g/mol |  |
| Phentermine is an amphetamine that stimulates neurons to release or maintain high levels of a particular group of neurotransmitters known as catecholamines; these incl...more Number of Targets: 6 |
| T3D2711 | Fluconazole 86386-73-4 | C13H12F2N6O 306.271 g/mol |  |
| Fluconazole interacts with 14-α demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme necessary to convert lanosterol to ergosterol. As ergosterol is an essential component of the fu...more Number of Targets: 4 |
| T3D2712 | Caffeine 58-08-2 | C8H10N4O2 194.191 g/mol |  |
| Caffeine stimulates medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers, promoting bradycardia, vasoconstriction, and increased respiratory rate. This action was prev...more Number of Targets: 19 |
| T3D2713 | Reserpine 50-55-5 | C33H40N2O9 608.679 g/mol |  |
| Reserpine's mechanism of action is through inhibition of the ATP/Mg2+ pump responsible for the sequestering of neurotransmitters into storage vesicles located in the p...more Number of Targets: 18 |
| T3D2715 | Citalopram 59729-33-8 | C20H21FN2O 324.392 g/mol |  |
| The antidepressant, antiobsessive-compulsive, and antibulimic actions of citalopram are presumed to be linked to its inhibition of CNS neuronal uptake of serotonin. Ci...more Number of Targets: 14 |
| T3D2717 | Enflurane 13838-16-9 | C3H2ClF5O 184.492 g/mol |  |
| Enflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Enflurane a...more Number of Targets: 12 |
| T3D2719 | Temazepam 846-50-4 | C16H13ClN2O2 300.740 g/mol |  |
| Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors, which affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodia...more Number of Targets: 21 |