T3DB: Lorazepam

Identification Taxonomy Biological Properties Physical Properties Toxicity Profile Spectra Concentrations Links References Gene Regulation Targets (20)XML

Targets (20)

Record Information

Version

2.0

Creation Date

2009-07-21 20:26:14 UTC

Update Date

2014-12-24 20:25:49 UTC

Accession Number

T3D2707

Identification

Common Name

Lorazepam

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Lorazepam is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent. [PubChem]Lorazepam binds to an allosteric site on GABA-A receptors, which are pentameric ionotropic receptors in the CNS. Binding potentiates the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, which upon binding opens the chloride channel in the receptor, allowing chloride influx and causing hyperpolerization of the neuron.

Compound Type

Amide
Amine
Anti-Anxiety Agent
Anticonvulsant
Antiemetic
Benzodiazepine
Drug
GABA Modulator
Hypnotic and Sedative
Metabolite
Organic Compound
Organochloride
Synthetic Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Synonym
(+/-)-Lorazepam
(±)-Lorazepam
Almazine
Anxiedin
Ativan
Idalprem
Lorabenz
Lorsilan
Methyllorazepam
N-Methyllorazepam
O-Chlorooxazepam
O-Chloroxazepam
Somagerol
Temesta
Wypax

Chemical Formula

C₁₅H₁₀Cl₂N₂O₂

Average Molecular Mass

321.158 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

320.012 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

846-49-1

IUPAC Name

7-chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one

Traditional Name

lorazepam

SMILES

OC1N=C(C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C2=C(C=CC(Cl)=C2)N=C1O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1/C15H10Cl2N2O2/c16-8-5-6-12-10(7-8)13(19-15(21)14(20)18-12)9-3-1-2-4-11(9)17/h1-7,15,21H,(H,18,20)

InChI Key

InChIKey=DIWRORZWFLOCLC-UHFFFAOYNA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,4-benzodiazepines. These are organic compounds containing a benzene ring fused to a 1,4-azepine.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organoheterocyclic compounds

Class

Benzodiazepines

Sub Class

1,4-benzodiazepines

Direct Parent

1,4-benzodiazepines

Alternative Parents

Substituents

1,4-benzodiazepine
Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
Chlorobenzene
Halobenzene
Aryl chloride
Aryl halide
Monocyclic benzene moiety
Benzenoid
Carboxamide group
Ketimine
Secondary carboxylic acid amide
Lactam
Alkanolamine
Carboxylic acid derivative
Azacycle
Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
Imine
Organic oxygen compound
Organic nitrogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Carbonyl group
Organic oxide
Organopnictogen compound
Organooxygen compound
Organohalogen compound
Organochloride
Organonitrogen compound
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds

External Descriptors

Not Available

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cytoplasm
Membrane

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	192-194°C
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	80 mg/L
LogP	2.39

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.018 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	2.98	ALOGPS
logP	3.53	ChemAxon
logS	-4.3	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	10.61	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-2.2	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	61.69 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	82.7 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	30.33 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	3	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-009i-6791000000-942b7493f1e9fc3d12be	2017-09-12	View Spectrum
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-009i-6791000000-942b7493f1e9fc3d12be	2018-05-18	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-004u-0290000000-b7b54d40e4a40249fc2d	2017-09-01	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-00b9-9235000000-97d74a04d7ec48e6bb28	2017-10-06	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-03	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-03	View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	2021-11-03	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , Positive	splash10-00b9-0298000000-986499cda13643ef7d85	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negative	splash10-001i-0091000000-04730f82e569df7febdd	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negative	splash10-001i-0390000000-dd63d93f2fa81cbb5928	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negative	splash10-0udi-0930000000-3ecf1f2f10049a3cfee2	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negative	splash10-0udi-0910000000-95d23a9a121bf45ef8bf	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negative	splash10-0udi-0900000000-cdbe26e697f259770c28	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negative	splash10-0udi-0900000000-4046d54b4dd9bf7968be	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negative	splash10-001i-0091000000-abaf38ed3aa6e7d51245	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive	splash10-052b-9000000000-dda683413448d0461123	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	splash10-00di-0009000000-53bbea620bd1e8b49eb3	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	splash10-0fb9-0095000000-793565a97e3afc2ce858	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	splash10-004i-0090000000-41097b8a64363c5e2f94	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	splash10-004i-0290000000-a0694111a3943eca2b53	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	splash10-004i-0690000000-5a4728cb7e2473fc6b3c	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	splash10-01rf-0940000000-39d041fbab4fb67a5c41	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positive	splash10-00b9-0298000000-986499cda13643ef7d85	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	splash10-00b9-0196000000-2e53b39b27c66ec73fd2	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 30V, Positive	splash10-004i-0090000000-4b5b5c3dfb63873733bf	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - -1V, Positive	splash10-052b-9000000000-dda683413448d0461123	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-00di-0029000000-ee07ef7d365d458f9d34	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-00di-0239000000-5c6908c1fea1275fb874	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0zfr-1981000000-3701b2aca45eeea63d62	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-014i-0009000000-58ac02858c22990ff345	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-014i-0339000000-f3e5eccf9c4e49dcfbcf	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-000i-3490000000-6b141b0755058109e70a	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-002r-4981000000-a567f7beb26ee18d061c	2014-09-20	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

Parenteral (intravenous, sublingual); oral. Readily absorbed with an absolute bioavailability of 90% when given orally. When intramuscularly administered, lorazepam is completely and rapidly absorbed. It achieves max serum concentration in 3 hours. The max serum concentration of a 4 mg dose is 48 ng/mL.

Mechanism of Toxicity

Lorazepam binds to an allosteric site on GABA-A receptors, which are pentameric ionotropic receptors in the CNS. Binding potentiates the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, which upon binding opens the chloride channel in the receptor, allowing chloride influx and causing hyperpolerization of the neuron.

Metabolism

Lorazepam is hepatically metabolized and is extensively conjugated to the 3-0-phenolic glucuronide. This is an inactive metabolite and is eliminated mainly by the kidneys. Route of Elimination: When a single 2 mg oral dose is give to healthy subjects, 88±4% of the administered dose was recovered in urine and 7±2% was recovered in feces. The percent of administered dose recovered in urine as lorazepam glucuronide was 74±4%. Only 0.3% of the dose was recovered as unchanged lorazepam, and the remainder of the radioactivity represented minor metabolites. Half Life: Parenteral administration = 14±5 hours; Oral administration = 2 hours.

Toxicity Values

LD50, mouse, oral = 1850 mg/kg LD50: 3178mg/kg (oral, mice)

Lethal Dose

Not Available

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Uses/Sources

For the management of anxiety disorders, and for treatment of status epilepticus.

Minimum Risk Level

Not Available

Health Effects

They cause slurred speech, disorientation and "drunken" behavior. They are physically and psychologically addictive. May cause a potentially dangerous rash that may develop into Stevens Johnson syndrome, an extremely rare but potentially fatal skin disease.

Symptoms

Somnolence, confusion, and coma.

Treatment

General supportive and symptomatic measures are recommended. Vital signs must be monitored and the patient closely observed. When there is a risk of aspiration, induction of emesis is not recommended. Gastric lavage may be indicated if performed soon after ingestion or in symptomatic patients. Administration of activated charcoal may also limit drug absorption. (8)

Normal Concentrations

Not Available

Abnormal Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

HMDB ID

PubChem Compound ID

ChEMBL ID

ChemSpider ID

KEGG ID

Not Available

UniProt ID

Not Available

OMIM ID

ChEBI ID

52993

BioCyc ID

Not Available

CTD ID

Not Available

Stitch ID

Lorazepam

PDB ID

Not Available

ACToR ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Lorazepam

References

Synthesis Reference

Igor Lifshitz, “Process for preparing pure crystalline lorazepam.” U.S. Patent US20010039340, issued November 08, 2001.

MSDS

Link

General References

Kemper N, Poser W, Poser S: [Benzodiazepine dependence: addiction potential of the benzodiazepines is greater than previously assumed (author's transl)]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1980 Dec 5;105(49):1707-12. [7439058 ]
Lader M: Short-term versus long-term benzodiazepine therapy. Curr Med Res Opin. 1984;8 Suppl 4:120-6. [6144459 ]
Maltais F, Laberge F, Laviolette M: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of lorazepam as premedication for bronchoscopy. Chest. 1996 May;109(5):1195-8. [8625666 ]
Heisterkamp DV, Cohen PJ: The effect of intravenous premedication with lorazepam (ativan), pentobarbitone or diazepam on recall. Br J Anaesth. 1975 Jan;47(1):79-81. [238548 ]
Milligan DW, Howard MR, Judd A: Premedication with lorazepam before bone marrow biopsy. J Clin Pathol. 1987 Jun;40(6):696-8. [3611398 ]
FDA label
Drugs.com [Link]
RxList: The Internet Drug Index (2009). [Link]

Gene Regulation

Up-Regulated Genes

Not Available

Down-Regulated Genes

Not Available

Targets

Target Details

1. Translocator protein

General Function:: Cholesterol binding
Specific Function:: Can bind protoporphyrin IX and may play a role in the transport of porphyrins and heme (By similarity). Promotes the transport of cholesterol across mitochondrial membranes and may play a role in lipid metabolism (PubMed:24814875), but its precise physiological role is controversial. It is apparently not required for steroid hormone biosynthesis. Was initially identified as peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor; can also bind isoquinoline carboxamides (PubMed:1847678).
Gene Name:: TSPO
Uniprot ID:: P30536
Molecular Weight:: 18827.81 Da

References

Park CH, Carboni E, Wood PL, Gee KW: Characterization of peripheral benzodiazepine type sites in a cultured murine BV-2 microglial cell line. Glia. 1996 Jan;16(1):65-70. [8787774 ]
Uusi-Oukari M, Korpi ER: Specific alterations in the cerebellar GABA(A) receptors of an alcohol-sensitive ANT rat line. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1991 Mar;15(2):241-8. [1647706 ]
Miller EI, Wylie FM, Oliver JS: Detection of benzodiazepines in hair using ELISA and LC-ESI-MS-MS. J Anal Toxicol. 2006 Sep;30(7):441-8. [16959136 ]
Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]

Target Details

2. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2

General Function:: Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:: GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:: GABRA2
Uniprot ID:: P47869
Molecular Weight:: 51325.85 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]
Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]

Target Details

3. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3

General Function:: Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:: GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:: GABRA3
Uniprot ID:: P34903
Molecular Weight:: 55164.055 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]
Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]

Target Details

4. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5

General Function:: Transporter activity
Specific Function:: GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:: GABRA5
Uniprot ID:: P31644
Molecular Weight:: 52145.645 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]
Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]

Target Details

5. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1

General Function:: Ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:: Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine. Functions as receptor for diazepines and various anesthetics, such as pentobarbital; these are bound at a separate allosteric effector binding site. Functions as ligand-gated chloride channel (By similarity).
Gene Name:: GABRB1
Uniprot ID:: P18505
Molecular Weight:: 54234.085 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]
Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]

Target Details

6. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2

General Function:: Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:: Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine. Functions as receptor for diazepines and various anesthetics, such as pentobarbital; these are bound at a separate allosteric effector binding site. Functions as ligand-gated chloride channel.
Gene Name:: GABRB2
Uniprot ID:: P47870
Molecular Weight:: 59149.895 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]
Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]

Target Details

7. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3

General Function:: Gaba-gated chloride ion channel activity
Specific Function:: Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine. Functions as receptor for diazepines and various anesthetics, such as pentobarbital; these are bound at a separate allosteric effector binding site. Functions as ligand-gated chloride channel.
Gene Name:: GABRB3
Uniprot ID:: P28472
Molecular Weight:: 54115.04 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]
Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]

Target Details

8. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1

General Function:: Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:: Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine. Functions as receptor for diazepines and various anesthetics, such as pentobarbital; these are bound at a separate allosteric effector binding site. Functions as ligand-gated chloride channel (By similarity).
Gene Name:: GABRA1
Uniprot ID:: P14867
Molecular Weight:: 51801.395 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]

Target Details

9. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4

General Function:: Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:: GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:: GABRA4
Uniprot ID:: P48169
Molecular Weight:: 61622.645 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]

Target Details

10. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6

General Function:: Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:: GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:: GABRA6
Uniprot ID:: Q16445
Molecular Weight:: 51023.69 Da

References

Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]

Target Details

11. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta

General Function:: Gaba-a receptor activity
Specific Function:: GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:: GABRD
Uniprot ID:: O14764
Molecular Weight:: 50707.835 Da

References

Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]

Target Details

12. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon

General Function:: Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:: GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:: GABRE
Uniprot ID:: P78334
Molecular Weight:: 57971.175 Da

References

Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]

Target Details

13. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1

General Function:: Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:: GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:: GABRG1
Uniprot ID:: Q8N1C3
Molecular Weight:: 53594.49 Da

References

Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]

Target Details

14. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2

General Function:: Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:: Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine. Functions as receptor for diazepines and various anesthetics, such as pentobarbital; these are bound at a separate allosteric effector binding site. Functions as ligand-gated chloride channel.
Gene Name:: GABRG2
Uniprot ID:: P18507
Molecular Weight:: 54161.78 Da

References

Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]

Target Details

15. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3

General Function:: Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:: GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:: GABRG3
Uniprot ID:: Q99928
Molecular Weight:: 54288.16 Da

References

Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]

Target Details

16. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi

General Function:: Gaba-a receptor activity
Specific Function:: GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. In the uterus, the function of the receptor appears to be related to tissue contractility. The binding of this pI subunit with other GABA(A) receptor subunits alters the sensitivity of recombinant receptors to modulatory agents such as pregnanolone.
Gene Name:: GABRP
Uniprot ID:: O00591
Molecular Weight:: 50639.735 Da

References

Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]

Target Details

17. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1

General Function:: Gaba-a receptor activity
Specific Function:: GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. Rho-1 GABA receptor could play a role in retinal neurotransmission.
Gene Name:: GABRR1
Uniprot ID:: P24046
Molecular Weight:: 55882.91 Da

References

Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]

Target Details

18. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2

General Function:: Gaba-a receptor activity
Specific Function:: GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. Rho-2 GABA receptor could play a role in retinal neurotransmission.
Gene Name:: GABRR2
Uniprot ID:: P28476
Molecular Weight:: 54150.41 Da

References

Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]

19. GABA-A receptor (anion channel) (Protein Group)

General Function:: Inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:: Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine. Functions as receptor for diazepines and various anesthetics, such as pentobarbital; these are bound at a separate allosteric effector binding site. Functions as ligand-gated chloride channel (By similarity).
Included Proteins:: P14867 , P47869 , P34903 , P48169 , P31644 , Q16445 , P18505 , P47870 , P28472 , O14764 , P78334 , Q8N1C3 , P18507 , Q99928 , O00591 , Q9UN88

References

Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [18384456 ]

Target Details

20. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3

General Function:: Gaba-a receptor activity
Specific Function:: GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel.
Gene Name:: GABRR3
Uniprot ID:: A8MPY1
Molecular Weight:: 54271.1 Da

References

Iorio LC, Barnett A, Billard W: Selective affinity of 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for cerebellar type 1 receptor sites. Life Sci. 1984 Jul 2;35(1):105-13. [6738302 ]
Wamsley JK, Golden JS, Yamamura HI, Barnett A: Autoradiographic demonstration of the selectivity of two 1-N-trifluoroethyl benzodiazepines for the BZD-1 receptors in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1985 Dec;23(6):973-8. [2867566 ]

Lorazepam (T3D2707)

Structure for T3D2707: Lorazepam

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