Prednisone (T3D4710)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesGene RegulationTargets (4)XML
Targets (4)
Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2014-09-11 02:05:57 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:26:55 UTC
Accession NumberT3D4710
Identification
Common NamePrednisone
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionPrednisone is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from cortisone. It is biologically inert and converted to prednisolone in the liver. Prednisone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. It is first metabolized in the liver to its active form, prednisolone. Prednisolone crosses cell membranes and binds with high affinity to specific cytoplasmic receptors. The result includes inhibition of leukocyte infiltration at the site of inflammation, interference in the function of mediators of inflammatory response, suppression of humoral immune responses, and reduction in edema or scar tissue. The antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, lipocortins, which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
Compound Type
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agent
  • Antineoplastic Agent, Hormonal
  • Drug
  • Ester
  • Glucocorticoid
  • Metabolite
  • Organic Compound
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
Synonym
1,2-Dehydrocortisone
1,4-Pregnadiene-17alpha,21-diol-3,11,20-trione
17,21-Dihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,11,20-trione
Dehydrocortisone
Delta-Cortef
Meticorten
Orasone
Prednisona
Prednisonum
Rayos
Chemical FormulaC21H26O5
Average Molecular Mass358.428 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass358.178 g/mol
CAS Registry Number53-03-2
IUPAC Name(1S,2R,10S,11S,14R,15S)-14-hydroxy-14-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0²,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]heptadeca-3,6-diene-5,17-dione
Traditional Nameprednisone
SMILES[H][C@@]12CC[C@](O)(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)CC(=O)[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]12C
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C21H26O5/c1-19-7-5-13(23)9-12(19)3-4-14-15-6-8-21(26,17(25)11-22)20(15,2)10-16(24)18(14)19/h5,7,9,14-15,18,22,26H,3-4,6,8,10-11H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,18+,19-,20-,21-/m0/s1
InChI KeyInChIKey=XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 21-hydroxysteroids. These are steroids carrying a hydroxyl group at the 21-position of the steroid backbone.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassHydroxysteroids
Direct Parent21-hydroxysteroids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • 21-hydroxysteroid
  • Progestogin-skeleton
  • Pregnane-skeleton
  • 20-oxosteroid
  • 3-oxo-delta-1,4-steroid
  • 3-oxosteroid
  • 17-hydroxysteroid
  • Oxosteroid
  • 11-oxosteroid
  • Delta-1,4-steroid
  • Alpha-hydroxy ketone
  • Tertiary alcohol
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Cyclic ketone
  • Ketone
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Primary alcohol
  • Carbonyl group
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Alcohol
  • Organic oxide
  • Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
NameSMPDB LinkKEGG Link
Prednisone PathwayNot AvailableNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceWhite powder.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point233 - 235°C
Boiling PointNot Available
Solubility1.11e-01 g/L
LogP1.46
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.11 g/LALOGPS
logP2.07ALOGPS
logP1.66ChemAxon
logS-3.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)12.58ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area91.67 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity97.57 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability38.17 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-001i-4976000000-e89b93e4bd7a96264eff2017-09-01View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0079-5612900000-e8fe74535be00b772cad2017-10-06View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , Positivesplash10-05tg-0695000000-35841a4b47ea1535be952017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , Positivesplash10-0a4m-0597000000-c12dc88504062b28c4be2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , Positivesplash10-0002-2960000000-10bdddfba8bd2889acde2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativesplash10-00di-0900000000-1ea12664a8edc235b05c2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativesplash10-00di-1900000000-06d289c40615662ab14e2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativesplash10-00di-0900000000-f76738c3bedb48d0c7a32017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-0a4i-0019000000-d5b5ef89fce8ee6966ba2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-00r5-0493000000-ae479d92cc77796a51772017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-00ds-0690000000-f3df1438f8c0623811c12017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-00dj-0970000000-b61d7f78a4036739cb072017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-05fs-0940000000-a9c08e5a06f9684fb0002017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-0a4l-0149000000-088a79de5c16e33841622017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positivesplash10-006w-2930000000-f901c87bc4fd3221d37e2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positivesplash10-05tg-0695000000-35841a4b47ea1535be952017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positivesplash10-0a4m-0597000000-c12dc88504062b28c4be2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positivesplash10-0002-2960000000-10bdddfba8bd2889acde2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-00dj-0970000000-b61d7f78a4036739cb072021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 15V, Positivesplash10-0a4l-0149000000-e36403a2dae0a4f970022021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 50V, Positivesplash10-05fs-0940000000-7721562715b13df560872021-09-20View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0a4l-0019000000-be6ec5707cb4a10cdd522016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0596-0269000000-63f648937479bcaf1b1c2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-00lr-3491000000-bbe8b03c42791ca28e7e2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-0019000000-70601e80fb30c3ac38c42016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-052b-3089000000-4a4f905a7eb26d17adcc2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-6092000000-d6e3f920b0cd1bc32f082016-08-03View Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-05fs-2951000000-1a9b3a7e18f6088d28db2014-09-20View Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureReadily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Rayos, the delayed-release formulation, has a 4-hour release time. To compare, the delayed-release formulation has a Tmax of 6.0 - 6.5 hours in healthy male subjects, whereas the immediate-release formulation has a Tmax of 2.0 hours. The rate of absorption, Cmax, and exposure is comparable between formulations.
Mechanism of ToxicityPrednisone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. It is first metabolized in the liver to its active form, prednisolone. Prednisolone crosses cell membranes and binds with high affinity to specific cytoplasmic receptors. The result includes inhibition of leukocyte infiltration at the site of inflammation, interference in the function of mediators of inflammatory response, suppression of humoral immune responses, and reduction in edema or scar tissue. The antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids are thought to involve phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, lipocortins, which control the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Prednisone can stimulate secretion of various components of gastric juice. Suppression of the production of corticotropin may lead to suppression of endogenous corticosteroids. Prednisone has slight mineralocorticoid activity, whereby entry of sodium into cells and loss of intracellular potassium is stimulated. This is particularly evident in the kidney, where rapid ion exchange leads to sodium retention and hypertension.
MetabolismPrednisone is completely converted to the active metabolite prednisolone by 11‘_-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. It is then further metabolized mainly in the liver. The exposure of prednisolone is 4-6 fold higher than that of prednisone. Route of Elimination: Excreted in the urine as sulfate and glucuronide conjugates. Half Life: Half life of both the immediate- and delayed- release formulation is 2 to 3 hours.
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)Prednisone is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). Prednisone is part of MOPP, a combination chemotherapy regimen that is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). (2)
Uses/SourcesFor the treatment of drug-induced allergic reactions, perennial or seasonal allergic rhinitis, serum sickness, giant cell arteritis acute rheumatic or nonrheumatic carditis, systemic dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, exfoliative dermatitis, bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, severe seborrheic dermatitis, severe (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) erythema multiforme, mycosis fungoides, pemphigus, severe psoriasis, acute adrenocortical insufficiency, Addison's disease, secondary adrenocortical insufficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypercalcemia associated with neoplasms, nonsuppurative thyroiditis, ulceratice colitis, Crohn's disease, acquired hemolytic anemia, congenital hypoplastic anemia, erythroblastopenia, adult secondary thrombocytopenia, adult idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura, acute or subacute bursitis, epicondylitis, acute nonspecific tenosynovitis, acute or chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lynphomas, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, primary brain tumors (adjunct), nephrotic syndrome, tuberculous meningitis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis. cerebral edema, chorioretinitis, diffuse posterior choroiditis, aleergic conjunctivitis, Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, anterior segment inflammation, iridocyclitis, iritis, keratitis, optoc neuritis, sympathetic ophthalmia, corneal marginal allergic ulcers, symptomatic sarcoidosis, Loeffler's syndrome not manageable by other means, berylliosis, fulminating or disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis when used concurrently with appropriate antituberculous chemotherapy and aspiration pneumonitis.
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsNot Available
SymptomsNot Available
TreatmentNot Available
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDDB00635
HMDB IDHMDB14773
PubChem Compound ID5865
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL635
ChemSpider ID5656
KEGG IDC07370
UniProt IDNot Available
OMIM ID
ChEBI ID8382
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDNot Available
Stitch IDNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
ACToR IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkPrednisone
References
Synthesis Reference

Jean Buendia, Michel Vivat, “Process for the production of prednisone 17.21-diacylates.” U.S. Patent US4601854, issued May, 1982.

MSDSLink
General References
  1. FDA label
  2. International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated GenesNot Available
Down-Regulated GenesNot Available

Targets

Target Details
1. Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1
General Function:
11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [nad(p)] activity
Specific Function:
Catalyzes reversibly the conversion of cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone. Catalyzes reversibly the conversion of 7-ketocholesterol to 7-beta-hydroxycholesterol. In intact cells, the reaction runs only in one direction, from 7-ketocholesterol to 7-beta-hydroxycholesterol (By similarity).
Gene Name:
HSD11B1
Uniprot ID:
P28845
Molecular Weight:
32400.665 Da
References
  1. Raza K, Hardy R, Cooper MS: The 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes--arbiters of the effects of glucocorticoids in synovium and bone. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010 Nov;49(11):2016-23. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq212. Epub 2010 Jul 15. [20634231 ]
Target Details
2. Androgen receptor
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins. Transcription activation is down-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3 and ZIPK/DAPK3.
Gene Name:
AR
Uniprot ID:
P10275
Molecular Weight:
98987.9 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
AC501.89 uMNVS_NR_hARNovascreen
AC500.0311 uMTox21_AR_BLA_Agonist_ratioTox21/NCGC
AC501.9 uMTox21_AR_LUC_MDAKB2_AgonistTox21/NCGC
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
Target Details
3. Glucocorticoid receptor
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modulator of other transcription factors. Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Could act as a coactivator for STAT5-dependent transcription upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation and could reveal an essential role of hepatic GR in the control of body growth. Involved in chromatin remodeling. May play a negative role in adipogenesis through the regulation of lipolytic and antilipogenic genes expression.
Gene Name:
NR3C1
Uniprot ID:
P04150
Molecular Weight:
85658.57 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
AC505.04 uMNVS_NR_hGRNovascreen
AC501.27 uMTox21_GR_BLA_Antagonist_ratioTox21/NCGC
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
Target Details
4. Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2
General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Nuclear receptor that binds and is activated by variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Transcription factor that activates the transcription of multiple genes involved in the metabolism and secretion of potentially harmful xenobiotics, drugs and endogenous compounds. Activated by the antibiotic rifampicin and various plant metabolites, such as hyperforin, guggulipid, colupulone, and isoflavones. Response to specific ligands is species-specific. Activated by naturally occurring steroids, such as pregnenolone and progesterone. Binds to a response element in the promoters of the CYP3A4 and ABCB1/MDR1 genes.
Gene Name:
NR1I2
Uniprot ID:
O75469
Molecular Weight:
49761.245 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
AC503.06 uMATG_PXR_TRANSAttagene
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]