Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2009-07-21 20:27:24 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:25:52 UTC
Accession NumberT3D2858
Identification
Common NameThioridazine
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionA phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of psychoses, including schizophrenia, and in the control of severely disturbed or agitated behavior. It has little antiemetic activity. Thioridazine has a higher incidence of antimuscarinic effects, but a lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms, than chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p618)
Compound Type
  • Amine
  • Antipsychotic Agent
  • Dopamine Antagonist
  • Drug
  • Ether
  • Metabolite
  • Organic Compound
  • Phenothiazine
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Synonym
10-[2-(1-Methyl-2-piperidyl)ethyl]-2-methylsulfanyl-phenothiazine
2-Methylmercapto-10-(2-(N-methyl-2-piperidyl)ethyl)phenothiazine
3-Methylmercapto-N-(2'-(N-methyl-2-piperidyl)ethyl)phenothiazine
Aldazine
Mallorol
Malloryl
Meleril
Mellaril
Mellaril-S
Mellerets
Mellerette
Melleretten
Melleril
Novoridazine
Orsanil
Ridazin
Ridazine
Sonapax
Thioridazin
Thioridazine Chloride
Thioridazinum
Thioril
Tioridazina
Chemical FormulaC21H26N2S2
Average Molecular Mass370.575 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass370.154 g/mol
CAS Registry Number50-52-2
IUPAC Name10-[2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl]-2-(methylsulfanyl)-10H-phenothiazine
Traditional Namethioridazine
SMILESCSC1=CC2=C(SC3=CC=CC=C3N2CCC2CCCCN2C)C=C1
InChI IdentifierInChI=1/C21H26N2S2/c1-22-13-6-5-7-16(22)12-14-23-18-8-3-4-9-20(18)25-21-11-10-17(24-2)15-19(21)23/h3-4,8-11,15-16H,5-7,12-14H2,1-2H3
InChI KeyInChIKey=KLBQZWRITKRQQV-UHFFFAOYNA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenothiazines. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a phenothiazine moiety, which is a linear tricyclic system that consists of a two benzene rings joined by a para-thiazine ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassBenzothiazines
Sub ClassPhenothiazines
Direct ParentPhenothiazines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Phenothiazine
  • Alkyldiarylamine
  • Diarylthioether
  • Aryl thioether
  • Tertiary aliphatic/aromatic amine
  • Thiophenol ether
  • Alkylarylthioether
  • Piperidine
  • Para-thiazine
  • Benzenoid
  • Tertiary amine
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Thioether
  • Azacycle
  • Sulfenyl compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Amine
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
Applications
Biological Roles
Chemical Roles
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceWhite powder.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point73°C
Boiling Point230°C at 2.00E-02 mm Hg
Solubility0.0336 mg/L
LogP5.9
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.00086 g/LALOGPS
logP5.93ALOGPS
logP5.47ChemAxon
logS-5.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)8.93ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area6.48 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count4ChemAxon
Refractivity113.52 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability43.26 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0002-9110000000-042dbd4f525abce007c02017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0002-9112000000-03a53f455eb75bee12b12017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - CI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-4539000000-9b298eff08d8aae4d50c2017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0002-9110000000-042dbd4f525abce007c02018-05-18View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0002-9112000000-03a53f455eb75bee12b12018-05-18View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - CI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-00di-4539000000-9b298eff08d8aae4d50c2018-05-18View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-052b-9133000000-5c5d51f787da054d1cd82017-09-01View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-00di-0009000000-72ae3160baada68a101c2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-00di-1409000000-ca7f19c9476403b237f62017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-004j-8920000000-1ac0f55aa083ad77c72b2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-002b-9320000000-494b15b3b671ebe76be92017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-0002-9220000000-e3e4ef2154cbee0f68522017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , positivesplash10-00di-0109000000-0729d6c8c352282a1d002017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0002-9300000000-7b3f963cdcb2b42af2462021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-00ba-4904000000-3d19a92d11da4536561a2021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 50V, Positivesplash10-0002-9220000000-e3e4ef2154cbee0f68522021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-00di-0009000000-bff15ad076402d6c8d672021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-00di-1409000000-ca7f19c9476403b237f62021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-00di-0009000000-72ae3160baada68a101c2021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 30V, Positivesplash10-004j-8920000000-1ac0f55aa083ad77c72b2021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-002b-9320000000-494b15b3b671ebe76be92021-09-20View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-00di-0109000000-598e54239d6d13ff6dd42016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-00fr-3529000000-18e24c0e0b54472d78262016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0a4m-9521000000-43949f1e3ce6dea95cbd2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-00xs-3009000000-6a6f8dcd7ed070a5e1e32016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-02mj-2297000000-57d37082170bc3391ec82016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0002-9100000000-8657369f1e7405e6943b2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-00di-0009000000-b5f90a911ff7bb6a25ee2021-10-11View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0092-9616000000-cb1233f7b165a2d465ff2021-10-11View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0002-9010000000-d79d5f56e64b7d0e6a412021-10-11View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-014i-0009000000-e1981bf8caf13296fc862021-10-11View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-014i-0059000000-ba6507d64713944a5b652021-10-11View Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-006t-9552000000-ea4c5c56ee4333d0815a2014-09-20View Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureOral
Mechanism of ToxicityThioridazine blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors in the brain; blocks alpha-adrenergic effect, depresses the release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones and is believed to depress the reticular activating system thus affecting basal metabolism, body temperature, wakefulness, vasomotor tone, and emesis.
MetabolismHepatic Half Life: 21-25 hours
Toxicity ValuesLD50=956-1034 mg/kg (Orally in rats).
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesFor the treatment of schizophrenia and generalized anxiety disorder.
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsNot Available
SymptomsLD50=956-1034 mg/kg (Orally in rats); Agitation, blurred vision, coma, confusion, constipation, difficulty breathing, dilated or constricted pupils, diminished flow of urine, dry mouth, dry skin, excessively high or low body temperature, extremely low blood pressure, fluid in the lungs, heart abnormalities, inability to urinate, intestinal blockage, nasal congestion, restlessness, sedation, seizures, shock
TreatmentAn airway must be established and maintained. Adequate oxygenation and ventilation must be ensured. Cardiovascular monitoring should commence immediately and should include continuous electrocardiographic monitoring to detect possible arrhythmias. Treatment may include one or more of the following therapeutic interventions: correction of electrolyte abnormalities and acid-base balance, lidocaine, phenytoin, isoproterenol, ventricular pacing, and defibrillation. Disopyramide, procainamide, and quinidine may produce additive QT-prolonging effects when administered to patients with acute overdosage of Mellaril and should be avoided. Caution must be exercised when administering lidocaine, as it may increase the risk of developing seizures. Treatment of hypotension may require intravenous fluids and vasopressors. Phenylephrine, levarterenol, or metaraminol are the appropriate pressor agents for use in the management of refractory hypotension. Gastric lavage and repeated doses of activated charcoal should be considered. Induction of emesis is less preferable to gastric lavage because of the risk of dystonia and the potential for aspiration of vomitus. Acute extrapyramidal symptoms may be treated with diphenhydramine hydrochloride or benztropine mesylate. Forced diuresis, hemoperfusion, hemodialysis and manipulation of urine pH are of unlikely benefit in the treatment of phenothiazine overdose due to their large volume of distribution and extensive plasma protein binding. (2)
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDDB00679
HMDB IDHMDB14817
PubChem Compound ID5452
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL479
ChemSpider ID5253
KEGG IDNot Available
UniProt IDNot Available
OMIM ID
ChEBI ID9566
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDNot Available
Stitch IDThioridazine
PDB IDNot Available
ACToR IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkThioridazine
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSLink
General References
  1. Drugs.com [Link]
  2. RxList: The Internet Drug Index (2009). [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated Genes
GeneGene SymbolGene IDInteractionChromosomeDetails
Down-Regulated Genes
GeneGene SymbolGene IDInteractionChromosomeDetails

Targets

General Function:
Voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
Specific Function:
Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly. Mediates the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifying potassium current in heart (IKr). Isoforms USO have no channel activity by themself, but modulates channel characteristics by forming heterotetramers with other isoforms which are retained intracellularly and undergo ubiquitin-dependent degradation.
Gene Name:
KCNH2
Uniprot ID:
Q12809
Molecular Weight:
126653.52 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.027 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
Inhibitory0.869 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
IC500.035 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
IC500.03548 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
IC500.0357 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
IC500.19055 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
IC500.191 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
IC500.363 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
IC500.36308 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
References
  1. Milnes JT, Witchel HJ, Leaney JL, Leishman DJ, Hancox JC: hERG K+ channel blockade by the antipsychotic drug thioridazine: An obligatory role for the S6 helix residue F656. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Dec 8;351(1):273-80. Epub 2006 Oct 23. [17056009 ]
  2. Rajamani R, Tounge BA, Li J, Reynolds CH: A two-state homology model of the hERG K+ channel: application to ligand binding. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 Mar 15;15(6):1737-41. [15745831 ]
  3. Ermondi G, Visentin S, Caron G: GRIND-based 3D-QSAR and CoMFA to investigate topics dominated by hydrophobic interactions: the case of hERG K+ channel blockers. Eur J Med Chem. 2009 May;44(5):1926-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.11.009. Epub 2008 Nov 28. [19110341 ]
  4. Cavalli A, Poluzzi E, De Ponti F, Recanatini M: Toward a pharmacophore for drugs inducing the long QT syndrome: insights from a CoMFA study of HERG K(+) channel blockers. J Med Chem. 2002 Aug 29;45(18):3844-53. [12190308 ]
  5. Tobita M, Nishikawa T, Nagashima R: A discriminant model constructed by the support vector machine method for HERG potassium channel inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 Jun 2;15(11):2886-90. [15911273 ]
  6. Pearlstein R, Vaz R, Rampe D: Understanding the structure-activity relationship of the human ether-a-go-go-related gene cardiac K+ channel. A model for bad behavior. J Med Chem. 2003 May 22;46(11):2017-22. [12747773 ]
  7. Keseru GM: Prediction of hERG potassium channel affinity by traditional and hologram qSAR methods. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2003 Aug 18;13(16):2773-5. [12873512 ]
  8. Jia L, Sun H: Support vector machines classification of hERG liabilities based on atom types. Bioorg Med Chem. 2008 Jun 1;16(11):6252-60. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.028. Epub 2008 Apr 16. [18448342 ]
  9. Lau JF, Jeppesen CB, Rimvall K, Hohlweg R: Ureas with histamine H3-antagonist receptor activity--a new scaffold discovered by lead-hopping from cinnamic acid amides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006 Oct 15;16(20):5303-8. [16908150 ]
General Function:
Virus receptor activity
Specific Function:
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including mescaline, psilocybin, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates phospholipase C and a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Affects neural activity, perception, cognition and mood. Plays a role in the regulation of behavior, including responses to anxiogenic situations and psychoactive substances. Plays a role in intestinal smooth muscle contraction, and may play a role in arterial vasoconstriction.(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for human JC polyomavirus/JCPyV.
Gene Name:
HTR2A
Uniprot ID:
P28223
Molecular Weight:
52602.58 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.0423 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
References
  1. Andree TH, Mikuni M, Tong CY, Koenig JI, Meltzer HY: Differential effect of subchronic treatment with various neuroleptic agents on serotonin2 receptors in rat cerebral cortex. J Neurochem. 1986 Jan;46(1):191-7. [2866233 ]
  2. Canton H, Verriele L, Millan MJ: Competitive antagonism of serotonin (5-HT)2C and 5-HT2A receptor-mediated phosphoinositide (PI) turnover by clozapine in the rat: a comparison to other antipsychotics. Neurosci Lett. 1994 Nov 7;181(1-2):65-8. [7898773 ]
  3. Burki HR: Binding of psychoactive drugs to rat brain amine receptors, measured ex vivo, and their effects on the metabolism of biogenic amines. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1986 Mar;332(3):258-66. [2423886 ]
  4. Costall B, Naylor RJ: Behavioural interactions between 5-hydroxytryptophan, neuroleptic agents and 5-HT receptor antagonists in modifying rodent responding to aversive situations. Br J Pharmacol. 1995 Dec;116(7):2989-99. [8680734 ]
  5. Morisset S, Sahm UG, Traiffort E, Tardivel-Lacombe J, Arrang JM, Schwartz JC: Atypical neuroleptics enhance histamine turnover in brain via 5-Hydroxytryptamine2A receptor blockade. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Feb;288(2):590-6. [9918563 ]
  6. Kongsamut S, Kang J, Chen XL, Roehr J, Rampe D: A comparison of the receptor binding and HERG channel affinities for a series of antipsychotic drugs. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 Aug 16;450(1):37-41. [12176106 ]
General Function:
Potassium channel regulator activity
Specific Function:
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name:
DRD2
Uniprot ID:
P14416
Molecular Weight:
50618.91 Da
References
  1. Seeman P: Atypical neuroleptics: role of multiple receptors, endogenous dopamine, and receptor linkage. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1990;358:14-20. [1978482 ]
  2. Assie MB, Sleight AJ, Koek W: Biphasic displacement of [3H]YM-09151-2 binding in the rat brain by thioridazine, risperidone and clozapine, but not by other antipsychotics. Eur J Pharmacol. 1993 Jun 24;237(2-3):183-9. [7689973 ]
  3. Dimpfel W, Spuler M, Wessel K: Different neuroleptics show common dose and time dependent effects in quantitative field potential analysis in freely moving rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1992;107(2-3):195-202. [1352051 ]
  4. Barth VN, Chernet E, Martin LJ, Need AB, Rash KS, Morin M, Phebus LA: Comparison of rat dopamine D2 receptor occupancy for a series of antipsychotic drugs measured using radiolabeled or nonlabeled raclopride tracer. Life Sci. 2006 May 22;78(26):3007-12. Epub 2006 Jan 24. [16434058 ]
  5. Carey GJ, Bergman J: Discriminative-stimulus effects of clozapine in squirrel monkeys: comparison with conventional and novel antipsychotic drugs. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1997 Aug;132(3):261-9. [9292626 ]
General Function:
G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor activity
Specific Function:
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is adenylate cyclase inhibition. Signaling promotes phospholipase C activity, leading to the release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3); this then triggers calcium ion release into the cytosol.
Gene Name:
CHRM2
Uniprot ID:
P08172
Molecular Weight:
51714.605 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.014 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
Inhibitory0.018 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
References
  1. Bolden C, Cusack B, Richelson E: Antagonism by antimuscarinic and neuroleptic compounds at the five cloned human muscarinic cholinergic receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1992 Feb;260(2):576-80. [1346637 ]
  2. Bymaster FP, Felder CC, Tzavara E, Nomikos GG, Calligaro DO, Mckinzie DL: Muscarinic mechanisms of antipsychotic atypicality. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Oct;27(7):1125-43. [14642972 ]
  3. Richelson E, Nelson A: Antagonism by neuroleptics of neurotransmitter receptors of normal human brain in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol. 1984 Aug 17;103(3-4):197-204. [6149136 ]
General Function:
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function:
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name:
DRD1
Uniprot ID:
P21728
Molecular Weight:
49292.765 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.1 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
References
  1. Hammock RG, Schroeder SR, Levine WR: The effect of clozapine on self-injurious behavior. J Autism Dev Disord. 1995 Dec;25(6):611-26. [8720030 ]
  2. Sunahara RK, Guan HC, O'Dowd BF, Seeman P, Laurier LG, Ng G, George SR, Torchia J, Van Tol HH, Niznik HB: Cloning of the gene for a human dopamine D5 receptor with higher affinity for dopamine than D1. Nature. 1991 Apr 18;350(6319):614-9. [1826762 ]
General Function:
Phosphatidylinositol phospholipase c activity
Specific Function:
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover.
Gene Name:
CHRM1
Uniprot ID:
P11229
Molecular Weight:
51420.375 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.0027 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
References
  1. Bolden C, Cusack B, Richelson E: Antagonism by antimuscarinic and neuroleptic compounds at the five cloned human muscarinic cholinergic receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1992 Feb;260(2):576-80. [1346637 ]
  2. Bymaster FP, Felder CC, Tzavara E, Nomikos GG, Calligaro DO, Mckinzie DL: Muscarinic mechanisms of antipsychotic atypicality. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Oct;27(7):1125-43. [14642972 ]
General Function:
Receptor activity
Specific Function:
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover.
Gene Name:
CHRM3
Uniprot ID:
P20309
Molecular Weight:
66127.445 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.015 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
References
  1. Bolden C, Cusack B, Richelson E: Antagonism by antimuscarinic and neuroleptic compounds at the five cloned human muscarinic cholinergic receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1992 Feb;260(2):576-80. [1346637 ]
  2. Bymaster FP, Felder CC, Tzavara E, Nomikos GG, Calligaro DO, Mckinzie DL: Muscarinic mechanisms of antipsychotic atypicality. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Oct;27(7):1125-43. [14642972 ]
General Function:
Guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Specific Function:
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is inhibition of adenylate cyclase.
Gene Name:
CHRM4
Uniprot ID:
P08173
Molecular Weight:
53048.65 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.009 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
References
  1. Bolden C, Cusack B, Richelson E: Antagonism by antimuscarinic and neuroleptic compounds at the five cloned human muscarinic cholinergic receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1992 Feb;260(2):576-80. [1346637 ]
  2. Bymaster FP, Felder CC, Tzavara E, Nomikos GG, Calligaro DO, Mckinzie DL: Muscarinic mechanisms of antipsychotic atypicality. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Oct;27(7):1125-43. [14642972 ]
General Function:
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including ergot alkaloid derivatives, 1-2,5,-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and down-stream signaling cascades and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Regulates neuronal activity via the activation of short transient receptor potential calcium channels in the brain, and thereby modulates the activation of pro-opiomelacortin neurons and the release of CRH that then regulates the release of corticosterone. Plays a role in the regulation of appetite and eating behavior, responses to anxiogenic stimuli and stress. Plays a role in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.
Gene Name:
HTR2C
Uniprot ID:
P28335
Molecular Weight:
51820.705 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.046 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
References
  1. Herrick-Davis K, Grinde E, Teitler M: Inverse agonist activity of atypical antipsychotic drugs at human 5-hydroxytryptamine2C receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Oct;295(1):226-32. [10991983 ]
General Function:
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:
This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase.
Gene Name:
HTR7
Uniprot ID:
P34969
Molecular Weight:
53554.43 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.07 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
References
  1. Glennon RA: Higher-end serotonin receptors: 5-HT(5), 5-HT(6), and 5-HT(7). J Med Chem. 2003 Jul 3;46(14):2795-812. [12825922 ]
General Function:
Protein heterodimerization activity
Specific Function:
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins. Nuclear ADRA1A-ADRA1B heterooligomers regulate phenylephrine(PE)-stimulated ERK signaling in cardiac myocytes.
Gene Name:
ADRA1A
Uniprot ID:
P35348
Molecular Weight:
51486.005 Da
References
  1. Sleight AJ, Koek W, Bigg DC: Binding of antipsychotic drugs at alpha 1A- and alpha 1B-adrenoceptors: risperidone is selective for the alpha 1B-adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1993 Jul 20;238(2-3):407-10. [7691623 ]
General Function:
Protein heterodimerization activity
Specific Function:
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins. Nuclear ADRA1A-ADRA1B heterooligomers regulate phenylephrine (PE)-stimulated ERK signaling in cardiac myocytes.
Gene Name:
ADRA1B
Uniprot ID:
P35368
Molecular Weight:
56835.375 Da
References
  1. Cahir M, King DJ: Antipsychotics lack alpha 1A/B adrenoceptor subtype selectivity in the rat. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005 Mar;15(2):231-4. [15695070 ]
General Function:
Thioesterase binding
Specific Function:
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazoline > clonidine > epinephrine > norepinephrine > phenylephrine > dopamine > p-synephrine > p-tyramine > serotonin = p-octopamine. For antagonists, the rank order is yohimbine > phentolamine = mianserine > chlorpromazine = spiperone = prazosin > propanolol > alprenolol = pindolol.
Gene Name:
ADRA2A
Uniprot ID:
P08913
Molecular Weight:
48956.275 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.8 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
References
  1. Richelson E, Nelson A: Antagonism by neuroleptics of neurotransmitter receptors of normal human brain in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol. 1984 Aug 17;103(3-4):197-204. [6149136 ]
General Function:
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function:
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name:
DRD5
Uniprot ID:
P21918
Molecular Weight:
52950.5 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.3 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
References
  1. Sunahara RK, Guan HC, O'Dowd BF, Seeman P, Laurier LG, Ng G, George SR, Torchia J, Van Tol HH, Niznik HB: Cloning of the gene for a human dopamine D5 receptor with higher affinity for dopamine than D1. Nature. 1991 Apr 18;350(6319):614-9. [1826762 ]
General Function:
Histamine receptor activity
Specific Function:
In peripheral tissues, the H1 subclass of histamine receptors mediates the contraction of smooth muscles, increase in capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules, and catecholamine release from adrenal medulla, as well as mediating neurotransmission in the central nervous system.
Gene Name:
HRH1
Uniprot ID:
P35367
Molecular Weight:
55783.61 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.016 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50002338
References
  1. Richelson E, Nelson A: Antagonism by neuroleptics of neurotransmitter receptors of normal human brain in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol. 1984 Aug 17;103(3-4):197-204. [6149136 ]