Heat-labile enterotoxin (Escherichia coli) (T3D2600)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesGene RegulationTargets (2)XML
Targets (2)
Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2009-07-06 18:11:26 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:25:45 UTC
Accession NumberT3D2600
Identification
Common NameHeat-labile enterotoxin (Escherichia coli)
ClassProtein
DescriptionHeat-labile enterotoxin is a type of labile toxin found in Escherichia coli. This toxin is responsible for many cases of a mild type of food poisoning. (3)
Compound Type
  • Amide
  • Amine
  • Bacterial Toxin
  • Food Toxin
  • Natural Compound
  • Organic Compound
  • Protein
Protein StructureT3d2600
Synonyms
Synonym
Heat-labile enterotoxin
Heat-labile enterotoxin A chain
Heat-labile enterotoxin B chain
LT
LTP
Chemical FormulaNot Available
Average Molecular Mass35330.140 g/mol
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SequenceNot Available
Chemical Taxonomy
DescriptionNot Available
KingdomOrganic Compounds
Super ClassOrganic Acids
ClassCarboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Sub ClassAmino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
Direct ParentPeptides
Alternative ParentsNot Available
SubstituentsNot Available
Molecular FrameworkNot Available
External DescriptorsNot Available
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
AppearanceClear solution.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
Solubility>10 mg/mL
LogPNot Available
Predicted PropertiesNot Available
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureIngestion (5) ; inhalation (5) ; dermal (5)
Mechanism of ToxicityThrough ADP-ribosylation of a G-protein, heat-labile enterotoxin stimulates adenylate cyclase leading to increased cAMP in epithelial cells. Elevated cAMP levels stimulate secretion of Chlorine ions and water from the enterocyte into the gut lumen, thus causing watery diarrhea. (3, 1)
MetabolismFree toxin may be removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system (primarily the liver and kidneys) or it may be degraded through cellular internalization via the lysosomes. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of digestive enzymes, including several proteases.
Toxicity ValuesLD50: 250 ug/kg (Intravenous, Mouse) (2)
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesHeat-labile enterotoxin is a type of labile toxin found in Escherichia coli. (3)
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsHeat-labile enterotoxin is responsible for many cases of a mild type of food poisoning. However, certain virulent strains of E. coli can cause gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections, and neonatal meningitis. In rarer cases, virulent strains are also responsible for hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), peritonitis, mastitis, septicemia and Gram-negative pneumonia. (3)
SymptomsThe major symptom of heat-labile enterotoxin food poisoning is diarrhea. (4)
TreatmentAntibiotics which may be used to treat E. coli infection include amoxicillin as well as other semi-synthetic penicillins, many cephalosporins, carbapenems, aztreonam, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin and the aminoglycosides. (4)
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDNot Available
PubChem Compound IDNot Available
ChEMBL IDNot Available
ChemSpider IDNot Available
KEGG IDNot Available
UniProt IDP01558
OMIM ID
ChEBI IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDNot Available
Stitch IDHeat-labile enterotoxin
PDB ID2QUO
ACToR IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
  1. van den Akker F, Sarfaty S, Twiddy EM, Connell TD, Holmes RK, Hol WG: Crystal structure of a new heat-labile enterotoxin, LT-IIb. Structure. 1996 Jun 15;4(6):665-78. [8805549 ]
  2. Gill DM: Bacterial toxins: a table of lethal amounts. Microbiol Rev. 1982 Mar;46(1):86-94. [6806598 ]
  3. Wikipedia. Heat-labile enterotoxin. Last Updated 23 July 2009. [Link]
  4. Wikipedia. Escherichia coli. Last Updated 7 August 2009. [Link]
  5. Wikipedia. Bacterial toxin. Last Updated 27 February 2009. [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated GenesNot Available
Down-Regulated GenesNot Available

Targets

Target Details
1. Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas
General Function:
Signal transducer activity
Specific Function:
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers in numerous signaling pathways controlled by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Signaling involves the activation of adenylyl cyclases, resulting in increased levels of the signaling molecule cAMP. GNAS functions downstream of several GPCRs, including beta-adrenergic receptors. XLas isoforms interact with the same set of receptors as GNAS isoforms (By similarity).
Gene Name:
GNAS
Uniprot ID:
Q5JWF2
Molecular Weight:
111023.29 Da
References
  1. van den Akker F, Sarfaty S, Twiddy EM, Connell TD, Holmes RK, Hol WG: Crystal structure of a new heat-labile enterotoxin, LT-IIb. Structure. 1996 Jun 15;4(6):665-78. [8805549 ]
  2. Wikipedia. Heat-labile enterotoxin. Last Updated 23 July 2009. [Link]
Target Details
2. Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short
General Function:
Signal transducer activity
Specific Function:
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers in numerous signaling pathways controlled by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (PubMed:17110384). Signaling involves the activation of adenylyl cyclases, resulting in increased levels of the signaling molecule cAMP (PubMed:26206488, PubMed:8702665). GNAS functions downstream of several GPCRs, including beta-adrenergic receptors (PubMed:21488135). Stimulates the Ras signaling pathway via RAPGEF2 (PubMed:12391161).
Gene Name:
GNAS
Uniprot ID:
P63092
Molecular Weight:
45664.205 Da
References
  1. van den Akker F, Sarfaty S, Twiddy EM, Connell TD, Holmes RK, Hol WG: Crystal structure of a new heat-labile enterotoxin, LT-IIb. Structure. 1996 Jun 15;4(6):665-78. [8805549 ]
  2. Wikipedia. Heat-labile enterotoxin. Last Updated 23 July 2009. [Link]