Ergotamine (T3D2460)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesGene RegulationTargets (16)XML
Targets (16)
Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2009-07-03 21:06:25 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:25:32 UTC
Accession NumberT3D2460
Identification
Common NameErgotamine
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionErgotamine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is an alpha-1 selective adrenergic agonist and is commonly used in the treatment of migraine disorders. Ergotamine acts on migraine by one of two proposed mechanisms: 1) activation of 5-HT1D receptors located on intracranial blood vessels, including those on arterio-venous anastomoses, leads to vasoconstriction, which correlates with the relief of migraine headache, and 2) activation of 5-HT1D receptors on sensory nerve endings of the trigeminal system results in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release.
Compound Type
  • Adrenergic alpha-Agonist
  • Amide
  • Amine
  • Analgesic, Non-Narcotic
  • Drug
  • Ether
  • Fungal Toxin
  • Metabolite
  • Mycotoxin
  • Natural Compound
  • Organic Compound
  • Sympatholytic
  • Vasoconstrictor Agent
Chemical Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
Synonym
(5'alpha)-12'-hydroxy-2'-methyl-5'-(phenylmethyl)ergotoman-3',6',18-trione
12'-Hydroxy-2'-methyl-5'alpha-(phenylmethyl)ergotaman-3',6',18-trione
Anervan
Antimigraine
Cafergot
Enxak
Ergam
Ergo-Kranit
Ergomar
Ergotamin
Ergotamina
Ergotaminum
Gynaemine
Gynergen
Wigrettes
Chemical FormulaC33H35N5O5
Average Molecular Mass581.662 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass581.264 g/mol
CAS Registry Number113-15-5
IUPAC Name(4R,7R)-N-[(1S,2S,4R,7S)-7-benzyl-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-5,8-dioxo-3-oxa-6,9-diazatricyclo[7.3.0.0²,⁶]dodecan-4-yl]-6-methyl-6,11-diazatetracyclo[7.6.1.0²,⁷.0¹²,¹⁶]hexadeca-1(16),2,9,12,14-pentaene-4-carboxamide
Traditional Nameergomar
SMILES[H][C@@]12CCCN1C(=O)[C@]([H])(CC1=CC=CC=C1)N1C(=O)[C@@](C)(O[C@@]21O)N=C(O)[C@@]1([H])CN(C)[C@]2([H])CC3=CNC4=CC=CC(=C34)C2=C1
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C33H35N5O5/c1-32(35-29(39)21-15-23-22-10-6-11-24-28(22)20(17-34-24)16-25(23)36(2)18-21)31(41)38-26(14-19-8-4-3-5-9-19)30(40)37-13-7-12-27(37)33(38,42)43-32/h3-6,8-11,15,17,21,25-27,34,42H,7,12-14,16,18H2,1-2H3,(H,35,39)/t21-,25-,26+,27+,32-,33+/m1/s1
InChI KeyInChIKey=XCGSFFUVFURLIX-VFGNJEKYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ergotamines, dihydroergotamines, and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing an ergotamine moiety, which is structurally characterized by a benzyl substituent attached to the piperazine ring of the ergopeptine backbone.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassAlkaloids and derivatives
ClassErgoline and derivatives
Sub ClassLysergic acids and derivatives
Direct ParentErgotamines, dihydroergotamines, and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Ergotamine
  • Hybrid peptide
  • Alpha-dipeptide
  • Lysergic acid amide
  • Indoloquinoline
  • Benzoquinoline
  • Quinoline-3-carboxamide
  • N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
  • Pyrroloquinoline
  • Quinoline
  • Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
  • 3-alkylindole
  • Indole
  • Indole or derivatives
  • Isoindole or derivatives
  • Aralkylamine
  • N-alkylpiperazine
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • 1,4-diazinane
  • Benzenoid
  • Oxazolidinone
  • Piperazine
  • Pyrrole
  • Pyrrolidine
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Oxazolidine
  • Tertiary carboxylic acid amide
  • Carboxamide group
  • Tertiary amine
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Lactam
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Orthocarboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Alkanolamine
  • Oxacycle
  • Azacycle
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Amine
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
Applications
Biological Roles
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceErgomar® Sublingual Tablets are round, green tablets each containing 2 mg of ergotamine tartrate.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point213.5 dec°C
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilitySlight
LogP2
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.22 g/LALOGPS
logP2.95ALOGPS
logP2.6ChemAxon
logS-3.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)9.7ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)7.78ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area118.21 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count4ChemAxon
Refractivity160.17 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability61.69 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings8ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0gi0-6692120000-7fabddfa08a8dd219bc32017-09-01View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0g4j-9281023000-06e454bbac7ea8189ead2017-10-06View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS ("Ergotamine,1TMS,#1" TMS) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-14View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-15View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-15View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-15View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-15View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-15View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-001i-0022090000-66faf61c3242915f91f82016-08-01View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0uyi-0091010000-98b25c5586801771014a2016-08-01View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-00di-4290000000-42f48d5180d5f2f5c20e2016-08-01View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0019-0049160000-6be92986c4d5c2bd6dad2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0aor-2196220000-c51c3bf00ec927a5631b2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0g5a-9810000000-7522033f4e775f417ffa2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-001i-0000090000-34b8023f9528c85e96bc2021-10-11View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-001i-0020190000-ec8f5848bc681f03dbe92021-10-11View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-00di-0090020000-c4d316e57df458ef5f722021-10-11View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-001i-0000090000-7dfa0cf0a740c633816a2021-10-11View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-001i-2100390000-8129f2d9526dbde472d82021-10-11View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0fvi-9252430000-c9d112acb2b7bf8de1242021-10-11View Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureOral, dermal, inhalation, and parenteral (contaminated drugs). (7) The bioavailability of sublingually administered ergotamine has not been determined.
Mechanism of ToxicityErgoline alkaloids tend to act as a group, producing complex and variable effects of partial agonism or antagonism at adrenergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic receptors. Variables relating to these effects are influenced by the agent, dosage, species, tissue, physiological, and endocrinological state, and experimental conditions. In particular, ergoline alkaloids have been shown to have the significant affinity towards the 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 serotonin receptors, D1 and D2 dopamine receptors, and alpha-adrenergic receptors. This can result in a number of different effects, including vasoconstriction, convulsions, and hallucinations. Ergometrine is also known to have a non-receptor specific oxytocic activity. Ergotamine acts on migraine by one of two proposed mechanisms: 1) activation of 5-HT1D receptors located on intracranial blood vessels, including those on arterio-venous anastomoses, leading to vasoconstriction, which correlates with the relief of migraine headache, and 2) activation of 5-HT1D receptors on sensory nerve endings of the trigeminal system, resulting in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release. (4, 5, 6)
MetabolismErgotamine is metabolized by the liver by largely undefined pathways, and 90% of the metabolites are excreted in the bile. (1) Half Life: 2 hours
Toxicity ValuesLD50: 62 mg/kg (Intravenous, Rat) (8)
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesFor use as therapy to abort or prevent vascular headache, e.g., migraine, migraine variants, or so called "histaminic cephalalgia". Ergotamine is a secondary metabolite (natural product) and principal alkaloid of the ergot fungus, Claviceps purpurea, and related fungi in the family Clavicipitaceae. It is used medicinally for treatment of acute migraine attacks (sometimes in combination with caffeine), and to induce childbirth and prevent post-partum haemorrhage. (12)
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsVasoconstrictive complications of a serious nature may occur at times. These include ischemia, cyanosis, absence of pulse, cold extremities, gangrene, precordial distress and pain, EKG changes and muscle pains. Although these effects occur most commonly with long-term therapy at relatively high doses, they have also been reported with short-term or normal doses. Other cardiovascular adverse effects include transient tachycardia or bradycardia and hypertension. Ingestion of ergoline alkaloids is also known to cause the disease ergotism. Ergotism occurs in two forms, gangrenous and convulsive, likely depending on the different kinds and amounts of ergoline alkaloids present. (1, 9, 3)
SymptomsSigns of ergotamine overexposure include irritation, nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrhea, thirst, coldness of skin, pruritus, weak pulse, numbness, tingling of extremities, and confusion. Convulsive ergotism can cause painful seizures and spasms, diarrhea, paresthesias, itching, headaches, nausea and vomiting. Usually the gastrointestinal effects precede the central nervous system effects. As well as seizures there can be hallucinations and mental effects including mania or psychosis. Gangrenous ergotism causes dry gangrene as a result of vasoconstriction induced in the more poorly vascularized distal structures, such as the fingers and toes. Symptoms include desquamation, weak periphery pulse, loss of peripheral sensation, edema and ultimately the death and loss of affected tissues. (1, 10, 11)
TreatmentTreatment consists of removal of the offending drug. Maintenance of adequate pulmonary ventilation, correction of hypotension, and control of convulsions and blood pressure are important considerations. Treatment of peripheral vasospasm should consist of warmth, but not heat, and protection of the ischemic limbs. Vasodilators may be beneficial but caution must be exercised to avoid aggravating an already existent hypotension. (10)
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDDB00696
HMDB IDHMDB14834
PubChem Compound ID8223
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL442
ChemSpider ID7930
KEGG IDC07544
UniProt IDNot Available
OMIM ID
ChEBI ID64318
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDD004878
Stitch IDErgotamine
PDB IDNot Available
ACToR IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkErgotamine
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSLink
General References
  1. Tfelt-Hansen P, Saxena PR, Dahlof C, Pascual J, Lainez M, Henry P, Diener H, Schoenen J, Ferrari MD, Goadsby PJ: Ergotamine in the acute treatment of migraine: a review and European consensus. Brain. 2000 Jan;123 ( Pt 1):9-18. [10611116 ]
  2. Schardl CL, Panaccione DG, Tudzynski P: Ergot alkaloids--biology and molecular biology. Alkaloids Chem Biol. 2006;63:45-86. [17133714 ]
  3. Richard JL: Some major mycotoxins and their mycotoxicoses--an overview. Int J Food Microbiol. 2007 Oct 20;119(1-2):3-10. Epub 2007 Jul 31. [17719115 ]
  4. Mantegani S, Brambilla E, Varasi M: Ergoline derivatives: receptor affinity and selectivity. Farmaco. 1999 May 30;54(5):288-96. [10418123 ]
  5. Schiff PL: Ergot and its alkaloids. Am J Pharm Educ. 2006 Oct 15;70(5):98. [17149427 ]
  6. Kvernmo T, Hartter S, Burger E: A review of the receptor-binding and pharmacokinetic properties of dopamine agonists. Clin Ther. 2006 Aug;28(8):1065-78. [16982285 ]
  7. Peraica M, Domijan AM: Contamination of food with mycotoxins and human health. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2001 Mar;52(1):23-35. [11370295 ]
  8. The Merck Index (1976). The Merck Index. 9th ed. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck & Co., Inc.
  9. Drugs.com [Link]
  10. RxList: The Internet Drug Index (2009). [Link]
  11. Wikipedia. Ergotism. Last Updated 6 April 2010. [Link]
  12. Wikipedia. Ergotamine. Last Updated 20 April 2010. [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated GenesNot Available
Down-Regulated GenesNot Available

Targets

Target Details
1. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D
General Function:
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for ergot alkaloid derivatives, various anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs and other psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity. Regulates the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the brain, and thereby affects neural activity. May also play a role in regulating the release of other neurotransmitters. May play a role in vasoconstriction.
Gene Name:
HTR1D
Uniprot ID:
P28221
Molecular Weight:
41906.38 Da
References
  1. Silberstein SD, McCrory DC: Ergotamine and dihydroergotamine: history, pharmacology, and efficacy. Headache. 2003 Feb;43(2):144-66. [12558771 ]
  2. Hoyer D, Lery H, Waeber C, Bruinvels AT, Nozulak J, Palacios JM: "5-HT1R" or 5-HT1D sites? Evidence for 5-HT1D binding sites in rabbit brain. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1992 Sep;346(3):249-54. [1407010 ]
  3. Lovenberg TW, Erlander MG, Baron BM, Racke M, Slone AL, Siegel BW, Craft CM, Burns JE, Danielson PE, Sutcliffe JG: Molecular cloning and functional expression of 5-HT1E-like rat and human 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Mar 15;90(6):2184-8. [8384716 ]
  4. Sanchez-Lopez A, Centurion D, Vazquez E, Arulmani U, Saxena PR, Villalon CM: Pharmacological profile of the 5-HT-induced inhibition of cardioaccelerator sympathetic outflow in pithed rats: correlation with 5-HT1 and putative 5-ht5A/5B receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2003 Oct;140(4):725-35. Epub 2003 Sep 22. [14504136 ]
  5. Deliganis AV, Peroutka SJ: 5-Hydroxtryptamine1D receptor agonism predicts antimigraine efficacy. Headache. 1991 Apr;31(4):228-31. [1646776 ]
Target Details
2. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B
General Function:
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for ergot alkaloid derivatives, various anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs and other psychoactive substances, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity. Arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Regulates the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain, and thereby affects neural activity, nociceptive processing, pain perception, mood and behavior. Besides, plays a role in vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries.
Gene Name:
HTR1B
Uniprot ID:
P28222
Molecular Weight:
43567.535 Da
References
  1. Willems EW, Trion M, De Vries P, Heiligers JP, Villalon CM, Saxena PR: Pharmacological evidence that alpha1-and alpha2-adrenoceptors mediate vasoconstriction of carotid arteriovenous anastomoses in anaesthetized pigs. Br J Pharmacol. 1999 Jul;127(5):1263-71. [10455274 ]
  2. Cohen ML, Schenck K: Contractile responses to sumatriptan and ergotamine in the rabbit saphenous vein: effect of selective 5-HT(1F) receptor agonists and PGF(2alpha). Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Oct;131(3):562-8. [11015308 ]
  3. Villalon CM, De Vries P, Rabelo G, Centurion D, Sanchez-Lopez A, Saxena P: Canine external carotid vasoconstriction to methysergide, ergotamine and dihydroergotamine: role of 5-HT1B/1D receptors and alpha2-adrenoceptors. Br J Pharmacol. 1999 Feb;126(3):585-94. [10188968 ]
  4. Valdivia LF, Centurion D, Arulmani U, Saxena PR, Villalon CM: 5-HT1B receptors, alpha2A/2C- and, to a lesser extent, alpha1-adrenoceptors mediate the external carotid vasoconstriction to ergotamine in vagosympathectomised dogs. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 Jul;370(1):46-53. Epub 2004 Jun 29. [15224175 ]
Target Details
3. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B
General Function:
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various ergot alkaloid derivatives and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and down-stream signaling cascades and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Plays a role in the regulation of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine release, 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake and in the regulation of extracellular dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels, and thereby affects neural activity. May play a role in the perception of pain. Plays a role in the regulation of behavior, including impulsive behavior. Required for normal proliferation of embryonic cardiac myocytes and normal heart development. Protects cardiomyocytes against apoptosis. Plays a role in the adaptation of pulmonary arteries to chronic hypoxia. Plays a role in vasoconstriction. Required for normal osteoblast function and proliferation, and for maintaining normal bone density. Required for normal proliferation of the interstitial cells of Cajal in the intestine.
Gene Name:
HTR2B
Uniprot ID:
P41595
Molecular Weight:
54297.41 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [11752352 ]
  2. Bom AH, Heiligers JP, Saxena PR, Verdouw PD: Reduction of cephalic arteriovenous shunting by ergotamine is not mediated by 5-HT1-like or 5-HT2 receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 1989 Jun;97(2):383-90. [2758221 ]
  3. Panconesi A, Anselmi B, Curradi C, Perfetto F, Piluso A, Franchi G: Comparison between venoconstrictor effects of sumatriptan and ergotamine in migraine patients. Headache. 1994 Apr;34(4):194-7. [8014033 ]
  4. Rothman RB, Baumann MH, Savage JE, Rauser L, McBride A, Hufeisen SJ, Roth BL: Evidence for possible involvement of 5-HT(2B) receptors in the cardiac valvulopathy associated with fenfluramine and other serotonergic medications. Circulation. 2000 Dec 5;102(23):2836-41. [11104741 ]
Target Details
4. Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor
General Function:
Protein heterodimerization activity
Specific Function:
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins. Nuclear ADRA1A-ADRA1B heterooligomers regulate phenylephrine(PE)-stimulated ERK signaling in cardiac myocytes.
Gene Name:
ADRA1A
Uniprot ID:
P35348
Molecular Weight:
51486.005 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]
  3. Valdivia LF, Centurion D, Arulmani U, Saxena PR, Villalon CM: 5-HT1B receptors, alpha2A/2C- and, to a lesser extent, alpha1-adrenoceptors mediate the external carotid vasoconstriction to ergotamine in vagosympathectomised dogs. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 Jul;370(1):46-53. Epub 2004 Jun 29. [15224175 ]
  4. Gornemann T, Jahnichen S, Schurad B, Latte KP, Horowski R, Tack J, Flieger M, Pertz HH: Pharmacological properties of a wide array of ergolines at functional alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtypes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2008 Jan;376(5):321-30. Epub 2007 Dec 8. [18066532 ]
Target Details
5. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A
General Function:
Virus receptor activity
Specific Function:
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including mescaline, psilocybin, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates phospholipase C and a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Affects neural activity, perception, cognition and mood. Plays a role in the regulation of behavior, including responses to anxiogenic situations and psychoactive substances. Plays a role in intestinal smooth muscle contraction, and may play a role in arterial vasoconstriction.(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for human JC polyomavirus/JCPyV.
Gene Name:
HTR2A
Uniprot ID:
P28223
Molecular Weight:
52602.58 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [11752352 ]
  2. Bom AH, Heiligers JP, Saxena PR, Verdouw PD: Reduction of cephalic arteriovenous shunting by ergotamine is not mediated by 5-HT1-like or 5-HT2 receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 1989 Jun;97(2):383-90. [2758221 ]
  3. Panconesi A, Anselmi B, Curradi C, Perfetto F, Piluso A, Franchi G: Comparison between venoconstrictor effects of sumatriptan and ergotamine in migraine patients. Headache. 1994 Apr;34(4):194-7. [8014033 ]
Target Details
6. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C
General Function:
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including ergot alkaloid derivatives, 1-2,5,-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and down-stream signaling cascades and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Regulates neuronal activity via the activation of short transient receptor potential calcium channels in the brain, and thereby modulates the activation of pro-opiomelacortin neurons and the release of CRH that then regulates the release of corticosterone. Plays a role in the regulation of appetite and eating behavior, responses to anxiogenic stimuli and stress. Plays a role in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.
Gene Name:
HTR2C
Uniprot ID:
P28335
Molecular Weight:
51820.705 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [11752352 ]
  2. Bom AH, Heiligers JP, Saxena PR, Verdouw PD: Reduction of cephalic arteriovenous shunting by ergotamine is not mediated by 5-HT1-like or 5-HT2 receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 1989 Jun;97(2):383-90. [2758221 ]
  3. Panconesi A, Anselmi B, Curradi C, Perfetto F, Piluso A, Franchi G: Comparison between venoconstrictor effects of sumatriptan and ergotamine in migraine patients. Headache. 1994 Apr;34(4):194-7. [8014033 ]
Target Details
7. Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor
General Function:
Thioesterase binding
Specific Function:
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazoline > clonidine > epinephrine > norepinephrine > phenylephrine > dopamine > p-synephrine > p-tyramine > serotonin = p-octopamine. For antagonists, the rank order is yohimbine > phentolamine = mianserine > chlorpromazine = spiperone = prazosin > propanolol > alprenolol = pindolol.
Gene Name:
ADRA2A
Uniprot ID:
P08913
Molecular Weight:
48956.275 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]
  3. Valdivia LF, Centurion D, Arulmani U, Saxena PR, Villalon CM: 5-HT1B receptors, alpha2A/2C- and, to a lesser extent, alpha1-adrenoceptors mediate the external carotid vasoconstriction to ergotamine in vagosympathectomised dogs. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 Jul;370(1):46-53. Epub 2004 Jun 29. [15224175 ]
Target Details
8. Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor
General Function:
Epinephrine binding
Specific Function:
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is clonidine > norepinephrine > epinephrine = oxymetazoline > dopamine > p-tyramine = phenylephrine > serotonin > p-synephrine / p-octopamine. For antagonists, the rank order is yohimbine > chlorpromazine > phentolamine > mianserine > spiperone > prazosin > alprenolol > propanolol > pindolol.
Gene Name:
ADRA2B
Uniprot ID:
P18089
Molecular Weight:
49565.8 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]
  3. Valdivia LF, Centurion D, Arulmani U, Saxena PR, Villalon CM: 5-HT1B receptors, alpha2A/2C- and, to a lesser extent, alpha1-adrenoceptors mediate the external carotid vasoconstriction to ergotamine in vagosympathectomised dogs. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 Jul;370(1):46-53. Epub 2004 Jun 29. [15224175 ]
Target Details
9. Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor
General Function:
Protein heterodimerization activity
Specific Function:
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins. Nuclear ADRA1A-ADRA1B heterooligomers regulate phenylephrine (PE)-stimulated ERK signaling in cardiac myocytes.
Gene Name:
ADRA1B
Uniprot ID:
P35368
Molecular Weight:
56835.375 Da
References
  1. Valdivia LF, Centurion D, Arulmani U, Saxena PR, Villalon CM: 5-HT1B receptors, alpha2A/2C- and, to a lesser extent, alpha1-adrenoceptors mediate the external carotid vasoconstriction to ergotamine in vagosympathectomised dogs. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 Jul;370(1):46-53. Epub 2004 Jun 29. [15224175 ]
  2. Gornemann T, Jahnichen S, Schurad B, Latte KP, Horowski R, Tack J, Flieger M, Pertz HH: Pharmacological properties of a wide array of ergolines at functional alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtypes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2008 Jan;376(5):321-30. Epub 2007 Dec 8. [18066532 ]
Target Details
10. Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor
General Function:
Alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity
Specific Function:
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its effect through the influx of extracellular calcium.
Gene Name:
ADRA1D
Uniprot ID:
P25100
Molecular Weight:
60462.205 Da
References
  1. Valdivia LF, Centurion D, Arulmani U, Saxena PR, Villalon CM: 5-HT1B receptors, alpha2A/2C- and, to a lesser extent, alpha1-adrenoceptors mediate the external carotid vasoconstriction to ergotamine in vagosympathectomised dogs. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 Jul;370(1):46-53. Epub 2004 Jun 29. [15224175 ]
  2. Gornemann T, Jahnichen S, Schurad B, Latte KP, Horowski R, Tack J, Flieger M, Pertz HH: Pharmacological properties of a wide array of ergolines at functional alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtypes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2008 Jan;376(5):321-30. Epub 2007 Dec 8. [18066532 ]
Target Details
11. D(2) dopamine receptor
General Function:
Potassium channel regulator activity
Specific Function:
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name:
DRD2
Uniprot ID:
P14416
Molecular Weight:
50618.91 Da
References
  1. Tfelt-Hansen P, Saxena PR, Dahlof C, Pascual J, Lainez M, Henry P, Diener H, Schoenen J, Ferrari MD, Goadsby PJ: Ergotamine in the acute treatment of migraine: a review and European consensus. Brain. 2000 Jan;123 ( Pt 1):9-18. [10611116 ]
  2. Verhoeff NP, Visser WH, Ferrari MD, Saxena PR, van Royen EA: Dopamine D2-receptor imaging with 123I-iodobenzamide SPECT in migraine patients abusing ergotamine: does ergotamine cross the blood brain barrier? Cephalalgia. 1993 Oct;13(5):325-9. [8242725 ]
Target Details
12. Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter
General Function:
Norepinephrine:sodium symporter activity
Specific Function:
Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
Gene Name:
SLC6A2
Uniprot ID:
P23975
Molecular Weight:
69331.42 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]
Target Details
13. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
General Function:
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity and activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that regulates the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Plays a role in the regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine release and in the regulation of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism. Plays a role in the regulation of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in the brain, and thereby affects neural activity, mood and behavior. Plays a role in the response to anxiogenic stimuli.
Gene Name:
HTR1A
Uniprot ID:
P08908
Molecular Weight:
46106.335 Da
References
  1. Bigal ME, Tepper SJ: Ergotamine and dihydroergotamine: a review. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2003 Feb;7(1):55-62. [12525272 ]
Target Details
14. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F
General Function:
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function:
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various alkaloids and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity.
Gene Name:
HTR1F
Uniprot ID:
P30939
Molecular Weight:
41708.505 Da
References
  1. Bigal ME, Tepper SJ: Ergotamine and dihydroergotamine: a review. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2003 Feb;7(1):55-62. [12525272 ]
Target Details
15. Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor
General Function:
Protein homodimerization activity
Specific Function:
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins.
Gene Name:
ADRA2C
Uniprot ID:
P18825
Molecular Weight:
49521.585 Da
References
  1. Valdivia LF, Centurion D, Arulmani U, Saxena PR, Villalon CM: 5-HT1B receptors, alpha2A/2C- and, to a lesser extent, alpha1-adrenoceptors mediate the external carotid vasoconstriction to ergotamine in vagosympathectomised dogs. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 Jul;370(1):46-53. Epub 2004 Jun 29. [15224175 ]
16. D(1) dopamine receptor (Protein Group)
General Function:
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function:
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
Included Proteins:
P21728 , P21918
References
  1. Bigal ME, Tepper SJ: Ergotamine and dihydroergotamine: a review. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2003 Feb;7(1):55-62. [12525272 ]