| Record Information |
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| Version | 2.0 |
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| Creation Date | 2009-03-06 18:58:23 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2014-12-24 20:21:25 UTC |
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| Accession Number | T3D0259 |
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| Identification |
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| Common Name | Phosphine |
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| Class | Small Molecule |
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| Description | Fumigant for cereals, flour, packaged foods
Phosphine has been shown to exhibit anti-tumor function (3).
Phosphine belongs to the family of Other Non-metal Hydrides. These are inorganic compounds in which the heaviest atom bonded to an hydrogen atom is belongs to the class of 'other non-metals'. |
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| Compound Type | - Food Toxin
- Industrial/Workplace Toxin
- Inorganic Compound
- Metabolite
- Non-Metal
- Pesticide
- Pollutant
- Synthetic Compound
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| Chemical Structure | |
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| Synonyms | | Synonym | | Hydrogen phosphide | | PH3 | | Phosphane | | Phosphene | | Phosphorus hydride | | Phosphorus trihydride | | Trihydrogen phosphide |
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| Chemical Formula | H3P |
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| Average Molecular Mass | 33.998 g/mol |
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| Monoisotopic Mass | 33.997 g/mol |
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| CAS Registry Number | 7803-51-2 |
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| IUPAC Name | phosphanylidyne |
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| Traditional Name | phosphanylidyne |
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| SMILES | P |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/H3P/h1H3 |
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| InChI Key | InChIKey=XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous other non-metal compounds. These are inorganic non-metallic compounds in which the largest atom belongs to the class of 'other non-metals'. |
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| Kingdom | Inorganic compounds |
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| Super Class | Homogeneous non-metal compounds |
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| Class | Homogeneous other non-metal compounds |
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| Sub Class | Not Available |
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| Direct Parent | Homogeneous other non-metal compounds |
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| Alternative Parents | Not Available |
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| Substituents | - Homogeneous other non metal
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| Molecular Framework | Not Available |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Status | Detected and Not Quantified |
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| Origin | Exogenous |
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| Cellular Locations | |
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| Biofluid Locations | Not Available |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | Not Available |
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| Applications | Not Available |
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| Biological Roles | Not Available |
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| Chemical Roles | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Gas |
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| Appearance | Not Available |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value |
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| Melting Point | -132.5°C | | Boiling Point | Not Available | | Solubility | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| Spectra |
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| Spectra | | Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | View |
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| Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-001i-9000000000-88317f9b56fea79262a0 | 2016-09-22 | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-000i-9000000000-0ff3e41d21c9c6b5734b | 2016-09-12 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-000i-9000000000-0ff3e41d21c9c6b5734b | 2016-09-12 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-000i-9000000000-0ff3e41d21c9c6b5734b | 2016-09-12 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative | splash10-001i-9000000000-e5f6a63c9b1574340f61 | 2016-09-12 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative | splash10-001i-9000000000-e5f6a63c9b1574340f61 | 2016-09-12 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative | splash10-001i-9000000000-e5f6a63c9b1574340f61 | 2016-09-12 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-001i-9000000000-b25ebf44fa1deb41a771 | 2021-09-22 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-001i-9000000000-b25ebf44fa1deb41a771 | 2021-09-22 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-001i-9000000000-b25ebf44fa1deb41a771 | 2021-09-22 | View Spectrum |
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| Toxicity Profile |
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| Route of Exposure | Oral (9) ; inhalation (9) ; dermal (9) |
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| Mechanism of Toxicity | Phosphine inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, preventing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. This non-competitive inhibition prevents cellular respiration and leads to multi-organ dysfunction. Phosphine can also react with hydrogen peroxide to form the highly reactive hydroxyl radical, which can cause lipid peroxidation. (1, 2) |
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| Metabolism | Phosphine and metal phosphides may be absorbed following ingestion or inhalation, then distribute to the nervous system, liver, and kidney. In the body, metal phosphides are hydrolysed to phosphine, and phosphine is oxidized to hypophosphite and phosphite. Metabolites are excreted in the urine, while unchanged phosphine is exhaled. (8) |
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| Toxicity Values | LC50: 11 ppm over 4 hours (Inhalation, Rat) (4) |
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| Lethal Dose | Not Available |
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| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
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| Uses/Sources | Phosphine is used in semiconductor and plastics industries, in the production of a flame retardant, and as a pesticide in stored grain. (6) |
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| Minimum Risk Level | Not Available |
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| Health Effects | Inhalation of phosphine may cause severe pulmonary irritation leading to acute pulmonary oedema, cardiovascular dysfunction, CNS excitation, coma and death. Gastrointestinal disorders, renal damage and leukopenia may also occur. Chronic exposure to phosphine can result in anemia, bronchitis, gastrointestinal effects, and visual, speech and motor problems. (6, 8) |
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| Symptoms | Early symptoms of acute phosphine intoxication include pain in the diaphragm, nausea, vomiting, excitement, and a phosphorus smell on the breath. Higher levels can cause weakness, bronchitis, pulmonary edema, shortness of breath, convulsions, and death. Some effects, such as pulmonary edema, convulsions, and liver injury, may appear or continue to be present days after an exposure. Liquid phosphine on your skin can cause frostbite. Ingestion of metal phosphides results in release of phosphine in your stomach which can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. (6) |
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| Treatment | As there is no antidote for phosphine poisoning, treatment is mainly symptomatic. Artificial respiration, gastric lavage, and/or administration of activated charcoal may be necessary. (8) |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB34790 |
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| PubChem Compound ID | 24404 |
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| ChEMBL ID | Not Available |
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| ChemSpider ID | 22814 |
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| KEGG ID | Not Available |
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| UniProt ID | Not Available |
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| OMIM ID | |
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| ChEBI ID | 28659 |
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| BioCyc ID | CPD-3703 |
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| CTD ID | Not Available |
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| Stitch ID | Phosphine |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ACToR ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Phosphine |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| MSDS | T3D0259.pdf |
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| General References | - Singh S, Bhalla A, Verma SK, Kaur A, Gill K: Cytochrome-c oxidase inhibition in 26 aluminum phosphide poisoned patients. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2006;44(2):155-8. [16615671 ]
- Proudfoot AT: Aluminium and zinc phosphide poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2009 Feb;47(2):89-100. doi: 10.1080/15563650802520675. [19280425 ]
- Caruso F, Rossi M, Tanski J, Pettinari C, Marchetti F: Antitumor activity of the mixed phosphine gold species chlorotriphenylphosphine-1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propanegold(I). J Med Chem. 2003 Apr 24;46(9):1737-42. [12699391 ]
- Krieger, R (2001). Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Volume 2, 2nd ed. San Diego, California: Academic Press.
- Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
- ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2002). ToxFAQ for phosphine. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
- Wikipedia. Phosphine. Last Updated 25 May 2009. [Link]
- International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) INCHEM (1996). Poison Information Monograph for Phosphine. [Link]
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory of Oxford University (2004). Material Safety Data Sheet for (1R)-(+)-camphor. [Link]
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| Gene Regulation |
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| Up-Regulated Genes | Not Available |
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| Down-Regulated Genes | Not Available |
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