Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Creation Date | 2009-06-19 21:58:46 UTC |
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Update Date | 2014-12-24 20:23:53 UTC |
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Accession Number | T3D1434 |
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Identification |
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Common Name | Chromium nitride |
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Class | Small Molecule |
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Description | Chromium nitride is a chemical compound of chromium. Chromium is a chemical element which has the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is found naturally occuring in rocks, animals, plants, and soil, and is usually mined as chromite ore. Chromium is most toxic in its +6 oxidation state (chromium(VI)) due to its greater ability to enter cells and higher redox potential. Trivalent chromium (chromium(III)) however, is biologically necessary for sugar and lipid metabolism in humans. (6) |
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Compound Type | - Chromium Compound
- Industrial/Workplace Toxin
- Inorganic Compound
- Pollutant
- Synthetic Compound
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Chemical Structure | |
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Synonyms | Synonym | Chromium mononitride |
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Chemical Formula | CrN |
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Average Molecular Mass | 66.003 g/mol |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 65.944 g/mol |
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CAS Registry Number | 24094-93-7 |
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IUPAC Name | chromiumylidyneamine |
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Traditional Name | chromium nitride |
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SMILES | N#[Cr] |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/Cr.N |
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InChI Key | InChIKey=CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as transition metal nitrides. These are inorganic compounds of nitrogen where nitrogen has a formal oxidation state of -3, and the heaviest metal atom is a transition metal. |
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Kingdom | Inorganic compounds |
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Super Class | Mixed metal/non-metal compounds |
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Class | Transition metal organides |
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Sub Class | Transition metal nitrides |
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Direct Parent | Transition metal nitrides |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Transition metal nitride
- Inorganic nitride
- Inorganic salt
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Molecular Framework | Not Available |
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External Descriptors | Not Available |
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Biological Properties |
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Status | Detected and Not Quantified |
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Origin | Exogenous |
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Cellular Locations | |
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Biofluid Locations | Not Available |
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Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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Pathways | Not Available |
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Applications | Not Available |
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Biological Roles | Not Available |
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Chemical Roles | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Appearance | Black powder. |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value |
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Melting Point | 1770°C | Boiling Point | Not Available | Solubility | Not Available | LogP | Not Available |
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Predicted Properties | |
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Spectra |
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Spectra | Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | View |
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Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-014i-9000000000-0a739c2ae73ee1f3dce9 | 2019-02-23 | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-014i-9000000000-0a739c2ae73ee1f3dce9 | 2019-02-23 | View Spectrum | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-014i-9000000000-0a739c2ae73ee1f3dce9 | 2019-02-23 | View Spectrum |
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Toxicity Profile |
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Route of Exposure | Oral (5) ; inhalation (5) ; dermal (5) |
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Mechanism of Toxicity | Trivalent chromium may also form complexes with peptides, proteins, and DNA, resulting in DNA-protein crosslinks, DNA strand breaks, DNA-DNA interstrand crosslinks, chromium-DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations and alterations in cellular signaling pathways. It has been shown to induce carcinogenesis by overstimulating cellular regulatory pathways and increasing peroxide levels by activating certain mitogen-activated protein kinases. It can also cause transcriptional repression by cross-linking histone deacetylase 1-DNA methyltransferase 1 complexes to CYP1A1 promoter chromatin, inhibiting histone modification. Chromium may increase its own toxicity by modifying metal regulatory transcription factor 1, causing the inhibition of zinc-induced metallothionein transcription. (1, 5, 2, 3, 4) |
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Metabolism | Chromium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, or dermal exposure and distributes to nearly all tissues, with the highest concentrations found in kidney and liver. Bone is also a major storage site and may contribute to long-term retention. Hexavalent chromium's similarity to sulfate and chromate allow it to be transported into cells via sulfate transport mechanisms. Inside the cell, hexavalent chromium is reduced first to pentavalent chromium, then to trivalent chromium by many substances including ascorbate, glutathione, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Chromium is almost entirely excreted with the urine. (1, 5) |
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Toxicity Values | Not Available |
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Lethal Dose | Not Available |
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Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | 3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (7) |
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Uses/Sources | Not Available |
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Minimum Risk Level | Not Available |
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Health Effects | Chromium in its trivalent state is not very toxic. It may be oxidized to hexavalent chromium, a known carcinogen. Hexavalent chromium has also been shown to affect reproduction and development. (1) |
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Symptoms | Chromium in its trivalent state is not very toxic, but it may be oxidized to hexavalent chromium. Breathing hexavalent chromium can cause irritation to the lining of the nose, nose ulcers, runny nose, and breathing problems, such as asthma, cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. Ingestion of hexavalent chromium causes irritation and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, as well as anemia. Skin contact can cause skin ulcers. (5) |
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Treatment | There is no know antidote for chromium poisoning. Exposure is usually handled with symptomatic treatment. (5) |
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Normal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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HMDB ID | Not Available |
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PubChem Compound ID | 90362 |
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ChEMBL ID | Not Available |
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ChemSpider ID | 81581 |
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KEGG ID | Not Available |
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UniProt ID | Not Available |
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OMIM ID | |
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ChEBI ID | Not Available |
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BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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CTD ID | Not Available |
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Stitch ID | Chromium nitride |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ACToR ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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MSDS | T3D1434.pdf |
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General References | - Salnikow K, Zhitkovich A: Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in metal carcinogenesis and cocarcinogenesis: nickel, arsenic, and chromium. Chem Res Toxicol. 2008 Jan;21(1):28-44. Epub 2007 Oct 30. [17970581 ]
- Kim G, Yurkow EJ: Chromium induces a persistent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by a redox-sensitive mechanism in H4 rat hepatoma cells. Cancer Res. 1996 May 1;56(9):2045-51. [8616849 ]
- Schnekenburger M, Talaska G, Puga A: Chromium cross-links histone deacetylase 1-DNA methyltransferase 1 complexes to chromatin, inhibiting histone-remodeling marks critical for transcriptional activation. Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Oct;27(20):7089-101. Epub 2007 Aug 6. [17682057 ]
- Kimura T: [Molecular mechanism involved in chromium(VI) toxicity]. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2007 Dec;127(12):1957-65. [18057785 ]
- ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2008). Toxicological profile for chromium. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
- Wikipedia. Chromium. Last Updated 5 March 2009. [Link]
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. [Link]
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Gene Regulation |
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Up-Regulated Genes | Not Available |
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Down-Regulated Genes | Not Available |
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