| Record Information |
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| Version | 2.0 |
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| Creation Date | 2009-08-05 17:31:35 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2014-12-24 20:26:10 UTC |
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| Accession Number | T3D3572 |
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| Identification |
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| Common Name | Potassium nitrate |
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| Class | Small Molecule |
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| Description | Potassium nitrate is a nitrate of potassium. It is used as an oxidizing component of gunpowder, a preservative, a fertilizer, and can also be found in some toothpastes. Nitrite is a toxic compound known to cause methemoglobinemia. (5, 7) |
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| Compound Type | - Fertilizer
- Food Toxin
- Household Toxin
- Industrial/Workplace Toxin
- Inorganic Compound
- Nitrate
- Nitrite
- Synthetic Compound
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| Chemical Structure | |
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| Synonyms | | Synonym | | Collo-bo | | Kali nitricum | | KalII nitras | | Kalium nitricum | | Kaliumnitrat | | Niter | | Nitrate of potash | | Nitre | | Nitric acid potassium salt | | Nitric acid potassium salt (1:1) | | Nitric acid, potassium salt | | Potassium nitrate(dot) | | Potassium nitric acid | | Salpetre | | Salt peter | | Saltpeter | | Saltpetre | | Sensodyne | | Vicknite |
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| Chemical Formula | KNO3 |
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| Average Molecular Mass | 101.103 g/mol |
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| Monoisotopic Mass | 100.952 g/mol |
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| CAS Registry Number | 7757-79-1 |
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| IUPAC Name | potassium nitrate |
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| Traditional Name | potassium nitrate |
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| SMILES | [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/K.NO3/c;2-1(3)4/q+1;-1 |
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| InChI Key | InChIKey=FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkali metal nitrates. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is nitrate, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is an alkali metal. |
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| Kingdom | Inorganic compounds |
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| Super Class | Mixed metal/non-metal compounds |
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| Class | Alkali metal oxoanionic compounds |
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| Sub Class | Alkali metal nitrates |
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| Direct Parent | Alkali metal nitrates |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Alkali metal nitrate
- Inorganic oxide
- Inorganic salt
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| Molecular Framework | Not Available |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Status | Detected and Not Quantified |
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| Origin | Exogenous |
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| Cellular Locations | |
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| Biofluid Locations | Not Available |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | Not Available |
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| Applications | |
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| Biological Roles | Not Available |
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| Chemical Roles | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Appearance | White powder. |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value |
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| Melting Point | 334°C | | Boiling Point | 400°C | | Solubility | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| Spectra |
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| Spectra | | Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | View |
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| Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0udi-0900000000-51dd8cb602ed71d15a99 | 2017-08-28 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-0udi-0900000000-90cae1f633954557f0b9 | 2019-02-22 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-0udi-0900000000-476651b63fbdbf5be935 | 2019-02-22 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-0udj-9600000000-40c6e2f784462d3dce61 | 2019-02-22 | View Spectrum |
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| Toxicity Profile |
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| Route of Exposure | Oral (5) ; inhalation (5) |
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| Mechanism of Toxicity | Nitrate's toxicity is a result of it's conversion to nitrite once in the body. Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (1, 6) |
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| Metabolism | Intake of some amount of nitrates and nitrites is a normal part of the nitrogen cycle in humans. In vivo conversion of nitrates to nitrites can occur in the gastrointestional tract under the right conditions, significantly enhancing nitrates' toxic potency. The major metabolic pathway for nitrate is conversion to nitrite, and then to ammonia. Nitrites, nitrates, and their metabolites are excreted in the urine. (5) |
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| Toxicity Values | LD50: 1901 mg/kg (Oral, Rabbit) (2) |
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| Lethal Dose | Not Available |
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| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | Ingested nitrate or nitrite under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). (3) |
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| Uses/Sources | Not Available |
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| Minimum Risk Level | Not Available |
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| Health Effects | Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (5) |
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| Symptoms | Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (5) |
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| Treatment | Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (6) |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| HMDB ID | Not Available |
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| PubChem Compound ID | 24434 |
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| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL1644029 |
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| ChemSpider ID | 22843 |
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| KEGG ID | C13557 |
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| UniProt ID | Not Available |
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| OMIM ID | |
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| ChEBI ID | 63043 |
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| BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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| CTD ID | Not Available |
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| Stitch ID | Potassium nitrate |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ACToR ID | 6160 |
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| Wikipedia Link | Potassium_nitrate |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| MSDS | T3D3572.pdf |
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| General References | - Keszler A, Piknova B, Schechter AN, Hogg N: The reaction between nitrite and oxyhemoglobin: a mechanistic study. J Biol Chem. 2008 Apr 11;283(15):9615-22. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M705630200. Epub 2008 Jan 17. [18203719 ]
- Lewis RJ Sr. (ed) (2004). Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. [Link]
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory of Oxford University (2008). Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for hydrazine (anhydrous). [Link]
- ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2007). Case Studies in Environmental Medicine. Nitrate/Nitrite Toxicity. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
- Wikipedia. Methemoglobinemia. Last Updated 22 July 2009. [Link]
- Wikipedia. Potassium nitrate. Last Updated 3 August 2009. [Link]
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| Gene Regulation |
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