| Record Information |
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| Version | 2.0 |
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| Creation Date | 2009-08-05 16:19:01 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2014-12-24 20:26:08 UTC |
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| Accession Number | T3D3552 |
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| Identification |
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| Common Name | Ammonium nitrate |
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| Class | Small Molecule |
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| Description | Ammonium nitrate is a nitrate of ammonium. It is commonly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogen fertilizer, and it has also been used as an oxidizing agent in explosives. Nitrite is a toxic compound known to cause methemoglobinemia. (6, 8) |
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| Compound Type | - Fertilizer
- Household Toxin
- Industrial/Workplace Toxin
- Inorganic Compound
- Nitrate
- Non-Metal
- Synthetic Compound
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| Chemical Structure | |
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| Synonyms | | Synonym | | Ammonium hydrogendinitrate | | Ammonium nitrate (pesticide/fertilizer mixture) | | Ammonium nitrate solution | | Ammonium nitrate urea solution (containing ammonia) | | Ammonium nitrate urea solution (not containing ammonia) | | Ammonium nitric acid | | Ammonium nitricum | | Ammonium saltpeter | | Ammonium(I) nitrate (1:1) | | Herco prills | | Merco prills | | Nitram | | Nitrate d'ammonium | | Nitrate of ammonia | | Nitrato amonico | | Nitric acid ammonium salt | | Nitric acid ammonium salt (1:1) | | Nitric acid, ammonium salt | | Norway saltpeter | | Varioform I |
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| Chemical Formula | H4N2O3 |
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| Average Molecular Mass | 80.043 g/mol |
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| Monoisotopic Mass | 80.022 g/mol |
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| CAS Registry Number | 6484-52-2 |
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| IUPAC Name | ammonium nitrate |
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| Traditional Name | ammonium nitrate |
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| SMILES | [NH4+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/NO3.H3N/c2-1(3)4;/h;1H3/q-1;/p+1 |
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| InChI Key | InChIKey=DVARTQFDIMZBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-O |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as non-metal nitrates. These are inorganic non-metallic compounds containing a nitrate as its largest oxoanion. |
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| Kingdom | Inorganic compounds |
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| Super Class | Homogeneous non-metal compounds |
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| Class | Non-metal oxoanionic compounds |
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| Sub Class | Non-metal nitrates |
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| Direct Parent | Non-metal nitrates |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Non-metal nitrate
- Inorganic oxide
- Inorganic salt
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| Molecular Framework | Not Available |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Status | Detected and Not Quantified |
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| Origin | Exogenous |
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| Cellular Locations | |
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| Biofluid Locations | Not Available |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | Not Available |
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| Applications | |
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| Biological Roles | Not Available |
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| Chemical Roles | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Appearance | White powder. |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value |
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| Melting Point | 169.6°C | | Boiling Point | 210°C (decompes) | | Solubility | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| Spectra |
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| Spectra | | Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | View |
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| Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive | splash10-001i-9000000000-86df032fb34a538f3504 | 2019-02-23 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive | splash10-001i-9000000000-e7830bf30109752a853e | 2019-02-23 | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive | splash10-001j-9000000000-416578dd771cb9a25b7b | 2019-02-23 | View Spectrum |
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| Toxicity Profile |
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| Route of Exposure | Oral (6) ; inhalation (6) |
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| Mechanism of Toxicity | Nitrate's toxicity is a result of it's conversion to nitrite once in the body. Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (1, 7) |
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| Metabolism | Intake of some amount of nitrates and nitrites is a normal part of the nitrogen cycle in humans. In vivo conversion of nitrates to nitrites can occur in the gastrointestional tract under the right conditions, significantly enhancing nitrates' toxic potency. The major metabolic pathway for nitrate is conversion to nitrite, and then to ammonia. Nitrites, nitrates, and their metabolites are excreted in the urine. (6) |
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| Toxicity Values | LD50: 2217 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (2)
LC50: >88.8 mg/L over 4 hours (Inhalation, Rat) (2) |
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| Lethal Dose | Not Available |
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| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | Ingested nitrate or nitrite under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). (4) |
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| Uses/Sources | Not Available |
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| Minimum Risk Level | Not Available |
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| Health Effects | Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (6) |
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| Symptoms | Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (6) |
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| Treatment | Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (7) |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| HMDB ID | Not Available |
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| PubChem Compound ID | 22985 |
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| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL1500032 |
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| ChemSpider ID | 21511 |
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| KEGG ID | Not Available |
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| UniProt ID | Not Available |
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| OMIM ID | |
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| ChEBI ID | 63038 |
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| BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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| CTD ID | Not Available |
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| Stitch ID | Ammonium nitrate |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ACToR ID | 6140 |
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| Wikipedia Link | Ammonium_nitrate |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| MSDS | T3D3552.pdf |
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| General References | - Keszler A, Piknova B, Schechter AN, Hogg N: The reaction between nitrite and oxyhemoglobin: a mechanistic study. J Biol Chem. 2008 Apr 11;283(15):9615-22. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M705630200. Epub 2008 Jan 17. [18203719 ]
- Heisterkamp DV, Cohen PJ: The effect of intravenous premedication with lorazepam (ativan), pentobarbitone or diazepam on recall. Br J Anaesth. 1975 Jan;47(1):79-81. [238548 ]
- European Chemicals Bureau (2000). IUCLID Dataset, Ammonium Nitrate (CAS No.6484-52-2).
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. [Link]
- ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2007). Toxicological profile for lead. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
- ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2007). Case Studies in Environmental Medicine. Nitrate/Nitrite Toxicity. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
- Wikipedia. Methemoglobinemia. Last Updated 22 July 2009. [Link]
- Wikipedia. Ammonium nitrate, Last Updated 2 August 2009. [Link]
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| Gene Regulation |
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| Up-Regulated Genes | Not Available |
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| Down-Regulated Genes | Not Available |
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