Disintegrin echistatin (Echis carinatus) (T3D2636)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesGene RegulationTargets (2)XML
Targets (2)
Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2009-07-06 21:35:44 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:25:47 UTC
Accession NumberT3D2636
Identification
Common NameDisintegrin echistatin (Echis carinatus)
ClassProtein
DescriptionDisintegrins is a peptide toxins produced by snakes of the viper family. They work by countering blood clotting steps, inhibiting the clumping of platelets. (3)
Compound Type
  • Amide
  • Amine
  • Animal Toxin
  • Natural Compound
  • Organic Compound
  • Protein
  • Snake Venom
Protein StructureT3d2636
Synonyms
Synonym
Carinatin
Disintegrin echistatin
Disintegrin echistatin-alpha
Platelet aggregation activation inhibitor
Chemical FormulaNot Available
Average Molecular Mass5424.090 g/mol
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SequenceNot Available
Chemical Taxonomy
DescriptionNot Available
KingdomOrganic Compounds
Super ClassOrganic Acids
ClassCarboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Sub ClassAmino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
Direct ParentPeptides
Alternative ParentsNot Available
SubstituentsNot Available
Molecular FrameworkNot Available
External DescriptorsNot Available
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
AppearanceClear solution.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
Solubility>10 mg/mL
LogPNot Available
Predicted PropertiesNot Available
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureInjection (sting/bite) (4)
Mechanism of ToxicityDisintegrins work by countering blood clotting steps, inhibiting the clumping of platelets. They inhibit fibrinogen interaction with platelet receptors expressed on glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex. By binding to the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptor on the platelet surface, they inhibit aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin, platelet-activating factor and collagen. (3)
MetabolismFree toxin may be removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system (primarily the liver and kidneys) or it may be degraded through cellular internalization via the lysosomes. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of digestive enzymes, including several proteases.
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesDisintegrins is a peptide toxins produced by snakes of the viper family. (3)
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsDisintegrins counter blood clotting steps, inhibiting the clumping of platelets. (3)
SymptomsBites from snakes in the Viperidae family cause local pain, swelling, edema, skin discoloration, and ecchymosis. (1)
TreatmentAn antivenom exists for viper venom. (2)
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDNot Available
PubChem Compound IDNot Available
ChEMBL IDNot Available
ChemSpider IDNot Available
KEGG IDNot Available
UniProt IDP17347
OMIM ID
ChEBI IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDNot Available
Stitch IDNot Available
PDB ID1RO3
ACToR IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
  1. Dreisbach, RH (1983). Handbook of Poisoning. Los Altos, California: Lange Medical Publications.
  2. Wikipedia. Antivenom. Last Updated 1 July 2009. [Link]
  3. Wikipedia. Disintegrin. Last Updated 11 June 2009. [Link]
  4. Wikipedia. Snake venom. Last Updated 25 July 2009. [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated GenesNot Available
Down-Regulated GenesNot Available

Targets

Target Details
1. Integrin alpha-IIb
General Function:
Metal ion binding
Specific Function:
Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin. It recognizes the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. It recognizes the sequence H-H-L-G-G-G-A-K-Q-A-G-D-V in fibrinogen gamma chain. Following activation integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 brings about platelet/platelet interaction through binding of soluble fibrinogen. This step leads to rapid platelet aggregation which physically plugs ruptured endothelial cell surface.
Gene Name:
ITGA2B
Uniprot ID:
P08514
Molecular Weight:
113375.96 Da
References
  1. Wikipedia. Disintegrin. Last Updated 11 June 2009. [Link]
Target Details
2. Integrin beta-3
General Function:
Virus receptor activity
Specific Function:
Integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV:ITGB3) is a receptor for cytotactin, fibronectin, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, osteopontin, osteomodulin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, vitronectin and von Willebrand factor. Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 (ITGA2B:ITGB3) is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin. Integrins alpha-IIb/beta-3 and alpha-V/beta-3 recognize the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 recognizes the sequence H-H-L-G-G-G-A-K-Q-A-G-D-V in fibrinogen gamma chain. Following activation integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 brings about platelet/platelet interaction through binding of soluble fibrinogen. This step leads to rapid platelet aggregation which physically plugs ruptured endothelial surface. Fibrinogen binding enhances SELP expression in activated platelets (By similarity).(Microbial infection) Integrin ITGAV:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for herpes virus 8/HHV-8 (PubMed:18045938). Integrin ITGAV:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for coxsackievirus A9 (PubMed:7519807). Acts as a receptor for Hantaan virus (PubMed:9618541). Integrin ITGAV:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for cytomegalovirus/HHV-5 (PubMed:15834425). Integrin ITGA5:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for human metapneumovirus (PubMed:24478423). Integrin ITGAV:ITGB3 acts aP05556s a receptor for human parechovirus 1 (PubMed:11160695). Integrin ITGAV:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for west nile virus (PubMed:23658209). In case of HIV-1 infection, the interaction with extracellular viral Tat protein seems to enhance angiogenesis in Kaposi's sarcoma lesions (PubMed:10397733).
Gene Name:
ITGB3
Uniprot ID:
P05106
Molecular Weight:
87056.975 Da
References
  1. Wikipedia. Disintegrin. Last Updated 11 June 2009. [Link]