T3DB: Zinc hydroxide

Identification Taxonomy Biological Properties Physical Properties Toxicity Profile Spectra Concentrations Links References Gene Regulation Targets (1)XML

Targets (1)

Record Information

Version

2.0

Creation Date

2009-03-27 00:56:27 UTC

Update Date

2014-12-24 20:22:42 UTC

Accession Number

T3D0731

Identification

Common Name

Zinc hydroxide

Class

Small Molecule

Description

Zinc hydroxide is a hydroxide of zinc, with the chemical formula Zn(OH)2. It is used in surgical dressings. Zinc is a metallic element with the atomic number 30. It is found in nature most often as the mineral sphalerite. It also occurs naturally as 3 rare minerals: wн_lfingite (orthorhombic), ashoverite and sweetite (both tetragonal).Though excess zinc in harmful, in smaller amounts it is an essential element for life, as it is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes and is found in just as many transcription factors. (2, 3, 4)

Compound Type

Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Inorganic Compound
Synthetic Compound
Zinc Compound

Chemical Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Synonym
Ashoverite
Sweetite
Wulfingite
Zinc dihydroxide
Zn(OH)2

Chemical Formula

H₂O₂Zn

Average Molecular Mass

99.424 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass

97.935 g/mol

CAS Registry Number

20427-58-1

IUPAC Name

zinc(2+) ion dihydroxide

Traditional Name

zinc(2+) ion dihydroxide

SMILES

[OH-].[OH-].[Zn++]

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/2H2O.Zn/h2*1H2;/q;;+2/p-2

InChI Key

InChIKey=UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as transition metal hydroxides. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is hydroxide, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is a transition metal.

Kingdom

Inorganic compounds

Super Class

Mixed metal/non-metal compounds

Class

Transition metal oxoanionic compounds

Sub Class

Transition metal hydroxides

Direct Parent

Transition metal hydroxides

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Transition metal hydroxide
Inorganic hydride
Inorganic oxide
Inorganic salt

Molecular Framework

Not Available

External Descriptors

Not Available

Biological Properties

Status

Detected and Not Quantified

Origin

Exogenous

Cellular Locations

Cell surface
Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
Extracellular
Extracellular matrix
Microsome
Microtubule
Mitochondrial Matrix
Mitochondrion
Nuclear Membrane
Plasma Membrane
Secretory vesicle

Biofluid Locations

Not Available

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Pathways

Name	SMPDB Link	KEGG Link
Apoptosis	Not Available	map04210
Penicillins	Not Available	Not Available
Osteoclast differentiation	Not Available	map04380
Cell cycle	Not Available	map04110
Purine Metabolism	SMP00050	map00230
Nitrogen Metabolism	Not Available	Not Available
Endocytosis	Not Available	map04144
Dna replication	Not Available	map03030
Base excision repair	Not Available	map03410
Antiulcer Drugs	Not Available	Not Available
Antifungal Agents	Not Available	Not Available

Applications

Not Available

Biological Roles

Not Available

Chemical Roles

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Appearance

White powder.

Experimental Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available
Solubility	Not Available
LogP	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-0.65	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	15.7	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-1.8	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	1	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	0 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	ChemAxon
Refractivity	13.91 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	1.19 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	View
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0002-9000000000-9be9156afd3141e6f36e	2016-08-02	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0002-9000000000-9be9156afd3141e6f36e	2016-08-02	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0002-9000000000-9be9156afd3141e6f36e	2016-08-02	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0002-9000000000-12c106d60aa037bcb6c2	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0002-9000000000-12c106d60aa037bcb6c2	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0002-9000000000-12c106d60aa037bcb6c2	2016-08-03	View Spectrum

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure

Inhalation (3) ; oral (3) ; dermal (3)

Mechanism of Toxicity

Anaemia results from the excessive absorption of zinc suppressing copper and iron absorption, most likely through competitive binding of intestinal mucosal cells. Unbalanced levels of copper and zinc binding to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase has been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Stomach acid dissolves metallic zinc to give corrosive zinc chloride, which can cause damage to the stomach lining. Metal fume fever is thought to be an immune response to inhaled zinc. (2, 3, 1)

Metabolism

Zinc can enter the body through the lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal absorption of zinc is controlled by zinc carrier protein CRIP. Zinc also binds to metallothioneins, which help prevent absorption of excess zinc. Zinc is widely distributed and found in all tissues and tissues fluids, concentrating in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, skin, lung, brain, heart, and pancreas. In the bloodstream zinc is found bound to carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes, as well as bound to albumin, _2-macroglobulin, and amino acids in the the plasma. Albumin and amino acid bound zinc can diffuse across tissue membranes. Zinc is excreted in the urine and faeces. (3)

Toxicity Values

Not Available

Lethal Dose

Not Available

Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

Uses/Sources

Zinc hydroxide is used in surgical dressings. (4)

Minimum Risk Level

Intermediate Oral: 0.3 mg/kg/day (6) Chronic Oral: 0.3 mg/kg/day (6)

Health Effects

Chronic exposure to zinc causes anemia, atazia, lethargy, and decreases the level of good cholesterol in the body. It is also believed to cause pancreatic and reproductive damage. (3)

Symptoms

Ingestion of large doses of zinc causes stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Acute inhalation of large amounts of zinc causes metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Dermal contact with zinc results in skin irritation. (3)

Treatment

Zinc poisoning is treated symptomatically, often by administering fluids such as water or milk, or with gastric lavage. (3)

Normal Concentrations

Not Available

Abnormal Concentrations

Not Available

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

HMDB ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound ID

9812759

ChEMBL ID

Not Available

ChemSpider ID

7988510

KEGG ID

Not Available

UniProt ID

Not Available

OMIM ID

ChEBI ID

Not Available

BioCyc ID

Not Available

CTD ID

C052745

Stitch ID

Zinc hydroxide

PDB ID

Not Available

ACToR ID

17182

Wikipedia Link

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

MSDS

Not Available

General References

Vonk WI, Klomp LW: Role of transition metals in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biochem Soc Trans. 2008 Dec;36(Pt 6):1322-8. doi: 10.1042/BST0361322. [19021549 ]
Wikipedia. Zinc. Last Updated 24 March 2009. [Link]
ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2005). Toxicological profile for zinc. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
Wikipedia. Zinc hydroxide. Last Updated 16 March 2009. [Link]
Wikipedia. Metallothionein. Last Updated 20 December 2008. [Link]
ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2001). Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) for Hazardous Substances. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]

Gene Regulation

Up-Regulated Genes

Not Available

Down-Regulated Genes

Not Available

Targets

Target Details

1. Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]

General Function:: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:: Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
Gene Name:: SOD1
Uniprot ID:: P00441
Molecular Weight:: 15935.685 Da

References

Vonk WI, Klomp LW: Role of transition metals in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biochem Soc Trans. 2008 Dec;36(Pt 6):1322-8. doi: 10.1042/BST0361322. [19021549 ]

Zinc hydroxide (T3D0731)

Structure for T3D0731: Zinc hydroxide

Targets

References