2,4-Dinitrophenol (T3D0087)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesGene RegulationTargets (1)XML
Targets (1)
Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2009-03-06 18:58:03 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:21:04 UTC
Accession NumberT3D0087
Identification
Common Name2,4-Dinitrophenol
ClassSmall Molecule
Description2,4-Dinitrophenol, also called DNP is a yellow solid with no known smell. It dissolves slightly in water. DNP present in water and soil as a pollutant does not easily evaporate to air. It uncouples oxidative phosphorylation by carrying protons across the mitochondrial membrane, leading to a rapid consumption of energy without generation of ATP. 2,4-DNP was used in the 1930s as a weightreduction drug, but this was discontinued in 1938 because of the many reports of adverse effects in people who used it. (5, 6)
Compound Type
  • Aromatic Hydrocarbon
  • Food Toxin
  • Industrial Precursor/Intermediate
  • Industrial/Workplace Toxin
  • Nitrite
  • Organic Compound
  • Pesticide
  • Pollutant
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
Synonym
1'alpha-2,4-Dinitrophenol
1-Hydroxy-2,4-dinitrobenzene
2,4 Dinitrophenol
2,4-DNP
Aldifen
Alpha-dinitrophenol
Alpha.-dinitrophenol
Dinitra
Dinitrophenol
Dinofan
DNF
DNP
Fenoxyl
Fenoxyl carbon N
Maroxol-50
NIN
Nitro kleenup
Osmoplastic-R
Osmotox-plus
Solfo black
Tertrosulfur black PB
Tertrosulfur PBR
Tertrosulphur black PB
Tertrosulphur PBR
Chemical FormulaC6H4N2O5
Average Molecular Mass184.106 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass184.012 g/mol
CAS Registry Number51-28-5
IUPAC Name2,4-dinitrophenol
Traditional Name2,4-dinitrophenol
SMILESOC1=CC=C(C=C1[N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C6H4N2O5/c9-6-2-1-4(7(10)11)3-5(6)8(12)13/h1-3,9H
InChI KeyInChIKey=UFBJCMHMOXMLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dinitrophenols. These are organic aromatic compounds containing a benzene that carries a single phenol group and exactly two nitro groups.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassPhenols
Sub ClassNitrophenols
Direct ParentDinitrophenols
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Dinitrophenol
  • Nitrobenzene
  • Nitroaromatic compound
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • C-nitro compound
  • Organic nitro compound
  • Organic oxoazanium
  • Allyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical Roles
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceYellow, crystalline solid.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point115.5°C
Boiling PointNot Available
Solubility2.79 mg/mL at 20 °C [SCHWARZENBACH,RP et al.(1988)]
LogPNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.38 g/LALOGPS
logP1.89ALOGPS
logP1.55ChemAxon
logS-2.7ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.04ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-7.8ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area111.87 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity42.69 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability14.48 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0w33-9300000000-b1719d21caddddc047cb2017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - CI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-001i-0900000000-5413dbaa2e83c8f4b5572017-09-12View Spectrum
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)splash10-0gz9-9200000000-e0169c5ed661f777992d2017-09-12View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-001i-4900000000-ce56c5b5949f3aab96912021-09-24View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03View Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-03View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-001i-0900000000-d0edc53122fee24d0bfe2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-001i-0900000000-c84e9386e3bb5b82491b2017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0abi-1900000000-68bdd4eb6e59749141422017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0a4i-3900000000-e783e75f0ce9280a1b982017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0a4j-9700000000-57819c29c3eccdb05da82017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativesplash10-001i-0900000000-3a8e56d08e6de49313c92017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativesplash10-001i-0900000000-1aa1a96cd6fcabd2e8b22017-09-14View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 30V, Positivesplash10-0kni-0900000000-6c09fc4d338e70cb4b9a2021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 90V, Positivesplash10-0002-9400000000-949db2bc026efd65141f2021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 45V, Positivesplash10-0ff0-1900000000-d1a55aa76504fcb44ac72021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 90V, Negativesplash10-0002-9400000000-e4966146e05cfb9057442021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-001i-0900000000-d89518c468c7728333632021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-001i-0900000000-375c8b23676295f4a72e2021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 15V, Negativesplash10-001i-0900000000-7eebbd1f8d1c19262f242021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 30V, Negativesplash10-0kni-0900000000-b8457945572cb0bba3392021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 60V, Negativesplash10-00dj-4900000000-d636858c5fa0177786b62021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 75V, Negativesplash10-006t-9800000000-baa2c216f658519b7c8a2021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 45V, Negativesplash10-0ff0-1900000000-6cc0f71e284b84d0d9bd2021-09-20View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 30V, Negativesplash10-001i-0900000000-0b477cb117894262ceb72021-09-20View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-8b19bd45fc3bc7108e522016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0a6r-0900000000-86c912316d1b4d196b342016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0a6r-0900000000-6861ad0b3afd4816d4fb2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-001i-0900000000-71e294edac43369a74992016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-001i-0900000000-d0ede4cd1dcdcd43e0212016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0059-0900000000-7bd4205875eb081f25fb2016-08-03View Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-0gx0-9400000000-1a15393a48ca40633fc22014-09-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25.16 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)Not Available2014-09-23View Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureOral (7); inhalation (7) ; dermal (7)
Mechanism of ToxicityAcute 2,4-dinitrophenol poisoning (from ingestion) involves uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, which presumably reduces body's reservoirs of high-energy phosphate. This stimulates oxidative metabolism and, in turn, the heat production of the body. Oxygen consumption, body temperature, respiration and heart rate are all increased. 2,4-Dinitrophenol has been suggested to bind serum proteins such as transthyretin. In fact it was proposed as a therapeutic agent for the prevention/inhibition of amyloid diseases through stabilization of the native fold of transthyretin. (3, 1, 2)
Metabolism2,4-DNP can readily enter the body through inhalation and ingestion. It can probably be absorbed through the skin also. Animal studies show that after 2,4-DNP enters the body, the blood can carry it to organs and tissues such as the liver, the kidneys, and the eyes. DNP does not build up in organs and tissues, but it is metabolized via reduction of the nitro groups or broken down to other chemicals. The parent compound and metabolites such as 2-amino-4-nitrophenol, 4-amino-2-nitrophenol and diaminophenol are excreted in the urine. 2,4-DNP is also excreted by mammals, partially unchanged, partially conjugated with glucuronic acid and probably as 2,4-diamenolphenol. (5, 4)
Toxicity ValuesLD50: 14-43 mg/kg (Oral, Human) (4)
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/Sources2,4-Dinitrophenol has been used to make dyes, other organic chemicals, and wood preservatives. It has also been used to make photographic developer, explosives, and pesticides. 2,4-Dinitrophenol exposure may occur from breathing contaminated air, drinking contaminated water, eating contaminated food, or by contact with contaminated soil. (5, 6)
Minimum Risk LevelAcute Oral: 0.01 mg/kg/day (5)
Health Effects2,4-DNP can cause cataracts following ingestion of a small dose for short or long periods. This condition could lead to blindness in both eyes. Breathing in, swallowing, or having skin contact with large amounts of DNP can lead to death.(5)
SymptomsDermal contact may results in redness, roughness, yellow staining of the skin. Nausea, vomiting, palpitations, collapse, sweating occur after inhalation or ingestion. (7)
TreatmentThere is no specific antidote for 2,4-DNP poisoning. Symptomatic treatment includes replacing oxygen and fluids, controlling temperature by administering sponge baths and ice packs, and using a fan to promote air flow and evaporation. In fully conscious patients, administer cold, sugar-containing liquids by mouth as tolerated. In cases of skin contact, bathe and shampoo contaminated skin and hair promptly. (8)
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDDB04528
HMDB IDNot Available
PubChem Compound ID1493
ChEMBL IDNot Available
ChemSpider IDNot Available
KEGG IDC02496
UniProt IDNot Available
OMIM ID
ChEBI ID918
BioCyc IDCPD-8179
CTD IDD019297
Stitch ID2,4-Dinitrophenol
PDB IDNot Available
ACToR ID532
Wikipedia Link2,4-Dinitrophenol
References
Synthesis Reference

Otto Arndt, Theodor Papenfuhs, “Process for the preparation of 6-chloro-2,4-dinitrophenol.” U.S. Patent US4540832, issued September, 1984.

MSDST3D0087.pdf
General References
  1. Morais-de-Sa E, Neto-Silva RM, Pereira PJ, Saraiva MJ, Damas AM: The binding of 2,4-dinitrophenol to wild-type and amyloidogenic transthyretin. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2006 May;62(Pt 5):512-9. Epub 2006 Apr 19. [16627944 ]
  2. Xie Y, Zhang D, Ben-Amotz D: Protein-ligand binding detected using ultrafiltration Raman difference spectroscopy. Anal Biochem. 2008 Feb 1;373(1):154-60. Epub 2007 Nov 4. [18023404 ]
  3. Clayton GD and Clayton FE (eds) (1993-1994). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Volumes 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F: Toxicology. 4th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  4. National Research Council (1981). Drinking Water & Health, Volume 4. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
  5. ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2002). Toxicological profile for 2,4-dinitrophenol. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [Link]
  6. Wikipedia. 2,4-Dinitrophenol. Last Updated 11 July 2009 [Link]
  7. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) INCHEM (1996). Poison Information Monograph for 2,4-Dinitrophenol. [Link]
  8. Reigart JR, Roberts RR (1999). Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisoning, Chapter 11: Nitrophenolic and Nitrocresolic Herbicides. Washington, DC: US EPA. [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated Genes
GeneGene SymbolGene IDInteractionChromosomeDetails
Down-Regulated GenesNot Available

Targets

Target Details
1. Transthyretin
General Function:
Identical protein binding
Specific Function:
Thyroid hormone-binding protein. Probably transports thyroxine from the bloodstream to the brain.
Gene Name:
TTR
Uniprot ID:
P02766
Molecular Weight:
15886.88 Da
References
  1. Morais-de-Sa E, Neto-Silva RM, Pereira PJ, Saraiva MJ, Damas AM: The binding of 2,4-dinitrophenol to wild-type and amyloidogenic transthyretin. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2006 May;62(Pt 5):512-9. Epub 2006 Apr 19. [16627944 ]
  2. Xie Y, Zhang D, Ben-Amotz D: Protein-ligand binding detected using ultrafiltration Raman difference spectroscopy. Anal Biochem. 2008 Feb 1;373(1):154-60. Epub 2007 Nov 4. [18023404 ]