Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2009-11-19 02:56:58 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:26:13 UTC
Accession NumberT3D3620
Identification
Common NameAmmonium lauryl sulfate
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionAmmonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) is the common name for ammonium dodecyl sulfate. ALS is classified as an alkyl sulfate and is an anionic surfactant found primarily in shampoos and body-wash as a foaming agent. Lauryl sulfates are very high-foam surfactants that disrupt the surface tension of water by forming micelles around the polar water molecules. (6)
Compound Type
  • Cosmetic Toxin
  • Ester
  • Household Toxin
  • Lachrymator
  • Organic Compound
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Synonym
Ammonium dodecyl sulfate
Ammonium lauryl sulfate solution
Ammonium lauryl sulfic acid
Ammonium lauryl sulphate
Ammonium lauryl sulphic acid
Dodecyl sulfate ammonium salt
Chemical FormulaC12H29NO4S
Average Molecular Mass283.428 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass283.182 g/mol
CAS Registry Number2235-54-3
IUPAC Name(dodecyloxy)sulfonic acid amine
Traditional NameN-dodecyl sulfate amine
SMILESN.CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C12H26O4S.H3N/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-16-17(13,14)15;/h2-12H2,1H3,(H,13,14,15);1H3
InChI KeyInChIKey=BTBJBAZGXNKLQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sulfuric acid monoesters. These are organic compounds containing the sulfuric acid monoester functional group, with the generic structure ROS(O)(=O)=O, (R=organyl group).
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassOrganic sulfuric acids and derivatives
Sub ClassSulfuric acid esters
Direct ParentSulfuric acid monoesters
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Alkyl sulfate
  • Sulfate-ester
  • Sulfuric acid monoester
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic salt
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
AppearanceClear liquid.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
LogPNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP4.42ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)-1.5ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area63.6 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count12ChemAxon
Refractivity68.93 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability31.49 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-001i-0090000000-32b62968b392192ebdc32016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-001i-0090000000-32b62968b392192ebdc32016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-001i-0090000000-32b62968b392192ebdc32016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-001i-0090000000-395265c2a27ff13fd5bd2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-001i-0090000000-395265c2a27ff13fd5bd2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-001i-0090000000-395265c2a27ff13fd5bd2016-08-03View Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureOral (6) ; inhalation (6) ; dermal (6)
Mechanism of ToxicityWhile ammonium lauryl sulfate itself is not toxic, it is a nitrosating agent. Nitrosating agents may decompose and/or react to cause nitrosamine contamination. Nitrosamines are produced from secondary amines and amides in the presence of nitrite ions and are believed to be carcinogenic. Once in the body, nitrosamines are activated by cytochrome P-450 enzymes. They are then believed to induce their carcinogenic effects by forming DNA adducts at the N- and O-atoms. (4, 5, 1, 2, 3)
MetabolismNitrosamines can enter the body via ingestion, inhalation, or dermal contact. Once in the body, nitrosamines are metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes, which essentially activates them into carcinogens. (1, 2)
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)Not listed by IARC. Certain nitrosamines are classified by IARC as either probably or possibly carcinogenic to humans (Groups 2A and 2B, respectively). (7)
Uses/SourcesAmmonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) is an anionic surfactant found primarily in shampoos and body-wash as a foaming agent. (6)
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsIn high concentrations ALS may cause severe irritation to eyes and skin. Inhalation and ingestion may also cause irritation. ALS may react to produce nitrosamines, which are believed to be carcinogenic. (5, 6)
SymptomsIn high concentrations ALS may cause severe irritation to eyes and skin. Inhalation and ingestion may also cause irritation. (6)
TreatmentNot Available
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDNot Available
PubChem Compound ID15610387
ChEMBL IDNot Available
ChemSpider IDNot Available
KEGG IDNot Available
UniProt IDNot Available
OMIM ID
ChEBI ID53474
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDNot Available
Stitch IDNot Available
PDB IDNot Available
ACToR IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkAmmonium_lauryl_sulfate
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDST3D3620.pdf
General References
  1. Oyama T, Sugio K, Uramoto H, Iwata T, Onitsuka T, Isse T, Nozoe T, Kagawa N, Yasumoto K, Kawamoto T: Increased cytochrome P450 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor in bronchial epithelium of heavy smokers with non-small cell lung carcinoma carries a poor prognosis. Front Biosci. 2007 May 1;12:4497-503. [17485391 ]
  2. Sasaki S, Sata F, Katoh S, Saijo Y, Nakajima S, Washino N, Konishi K, Ban S, Ishizuka M, Kishi R: Adverse birth outcomes associated with maternal smoking and polymorphisms in the N-Nitrosamine-metabolizing enzyme genes NQO1 and CYP2E1. Am J Epidemiol. 2008 Mar 15;167(6):719-26. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwm360. Epub 2008 Jan 23. [18218609 ]
  3. Drablos F, Feyzi E, Aas PA, Vaagbo CB, Kavli B, Bratlie MS, Pena-Diaz J, Otterlei M, Slupphaug G, Krokan HE: Alkylation damage in DNA and RNA--repair mechanisms and medical significance. DNA Repair (Amst). 2004 Nov 2;3(11):1389-407. [15380096 ]
  4. Wikipedia. Nitrosamine. Last Updated 16 November 2009. [Link]
  5. Organic Natural Health (1998). Cancer Causing Toxic Chemical Ingredients in Cosmetic and Skin Care Products. [Link]
  6. Wikipedia. Ammonium lauryl sulfate. Last Updated 12 November 2009. [Link]
  7. International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated GenesNot Available
Down-Regulated GenesNot Available

Targets

1. DNA
General Function:
Used for biological information storage.
Specific Function:
DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce.
Molecular Weight:
2.15 x 1012 Da
References
  1. Drablos F, Feyzi E, Aas PA, Vaagbo CB, Kavli B, Bratlie MS, Pena-Diaz J, Otterlei M, Slupphaug G, Krokan HE: Alkylation damage in DNA and RNA--repair mechanisms and medical significance. DNA Repair (Amst). 2004 Nov 2;3(11):1389-407. [15380096 ]
  2. Organic Natural Health (1998). Cancer Causing Toxic Chemical Ingredients in Cosmetic and Skin Care Products. [Link]
General Function:
Temperature-gated cation channel activity
Specific Function:
Receptor-activated non-selective cation channel involved in detection of pain and possibly also in cold perception and inner ear function (PubMed:25389312, PubMed:25855297). Has a central role in the pain response to endogenous inflammatory mediators and to a diverse array of volatile irritants, such as mustard oil, cinnamaldehyde, garlic and acrolein, an irritant from tears gas and vehicule exhaust fumes (PubMed:25389312, PubMed:20547126). Is also activated by menthol (in vitro)(PubMed:25389312). Acts also as a ionotropic cannabinoid receptor by being activated by delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of marijuana (PubMed:25389312). May be a component for the mechanosensitive transduction channel of hair cells in inner ear, thereby participating in the perception of sounds. Probably operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system (By similarity).
Gene Name:
TRPA1
Uniprot ID:
O75762
Molecular Weight:
127499.88 Da
References
  1. Nilius B, Prenen J, Owsianik G: Irritating channels: the case of TRPA1. J Physiol. 2011 Apr 1;589(Pt 7):1543-9. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.200717. Epub 2010 Nov 15. [21078588 ]