| Record Information |
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| Version | 2.0 |
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| Creation Date | 2009-07-23 18:26:03 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2014-12-24 20:25:56 UTC |
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| Accession Number | T3D3073 |
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| Identification |
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| Common Name | Abrin-d |
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| Class | Protein |
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| Description | Abrin is a plant toxin found in the Rosary pea (Abrus precatorius). The Rosary pea is common to many tropical areas throughout the world and is sometimes used as an herbal remedy. The seeds of the Rosary pea have been used to make beaded jewelry, which can lead to abrin poisoning if the seeds are chewed and swallowed. The outer shell of the seed protects the contents from the stomachs of most mammals. Abrin has some potential medical uses, such as in treatment to kill cancer cells. (2) |
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| Compound Type | - Amide
- Amine
- Natural Compound
- Organic Compound
- Plant Toxin
- Protein
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| Protein Structure |  |
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| Synonyms | |
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| Chemical Formula | Not Available |
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| Average Molecular Mass | 58869.605 g/mol |
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| CAS Registry Number | 1393-62-0 |
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| Sequence | Not Available |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Not Available |
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| Kingdom | Organic Compounds |
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| Super Class | Organic Acids |
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| Class | Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues |
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| Direct Parent | Peptides |
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| Alternative Parents | Not Available |
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| Substituents | Not Available |
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| Molecular Framework | Not Available |
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| External Descriptors | Not Available |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Status | Detected and Not Quantified |
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| Origin | Exogenous |
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| Cellular Locations | Not Available |
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| Biofluid Locations | Not Available |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | Not Available |
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| Applications | Not Available |
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| Biological Roles | Not Available |
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| Chemical Roles | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Liquid |
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| Appearance | Clear solution. |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | | Solubility | >10 mg/mL | | LogP | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | Not Available |
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| Spectra |
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| Spectra | | Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | View |
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| Toxicity Profile |
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| Route of Exposure | Ingestion (3) ; dermal (3) |
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| Mechanism of Toxicity | Abrin works by penetrating the cells of the body and inhibiting cell protein synthesis. By attaching to a carbohydrate chain on the cell surface, the abrin molecule anchors itself to the cell, is subsequently engulfed and enters the inner parts of the cell where it reacts with a ribosomal subunit and interferes with the normal protein synthesis process of the cell. Without these proteins, cells cannot survive. The severity of the effects of abrin poisoning vary on the means of exposure to the substance. (2) |
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| Metabolism | Free toxin may be removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system (primarily the liver and kidneys) or it may be degraded through cellular internalization via the lysosomes. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of digestive enzymes, including several proteases. |
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| Toxicity Values | LD50: 20 ug/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (1)
LD50: 20 ug/kg (Intravenous, Mouse) (1) |
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| Lethal Dose | Not Available |
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| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
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| Uses/Sources | Abrin is a plant toxin found in the Rosary pea (Abrus precatorius). The Rosary pea is common to many tropical areas throughout the world and is sometimes used as an herbal remedy. The seeds of the Rosary pea have been used to make beaded jewelry, which can lead to abrin poisoning if the seeds are chewed and swallowed. Abrin has some potential medical uses, such as in treatment to kill cancer cells. (2) |
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| Minimum Risk Level | Not Available |
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| Health Effects | Abrin inhibits cell protein synthesis, leading to cell death which causes harmful bodily effects and may result in death. (2) |
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| Symptoms | Abrin irritates the skin and eyes. Inhalation may cause respiratory distress, fever, cough, nausea, tightness in the chest, heavy sweating and pulmonary edema. Ingestion can result in vomiting, diarrhea, severe dehydration, low blood pressure, hallucinations, and seizures. In either case, death may result from respiratory failure or liver, speen, and/or kidney damage. (2) |
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| Treatment | As there is no antidote for abrin, treatment consists of supportive medical care to minimize the effects of the poisoning. This may include respiratory assistance, intravenous fluids, medications to treat conditions such as seizure and low blood pressure, or administering activated charcoal. (2) |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| HMDB ID | Not Available |
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| PubChem Compound ID | Not Available |
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| ChEMBL ID | Not Available |
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| ChemSpider ID | Not Available |
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| KEGG ID | Not Available |
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| UniProt ID | Q06076 |
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| OMIM ID | |
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| ChEBI ID | Not Available |
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| BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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| CTD ID | Not Available |
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| Stitch ID | Not Available |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ACToR ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| MSDS | Not Available |
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| General References | - National Library of Medicine, SIS (2006). ChemIDplus Record for Abrin (1393-62-0).
- Wikipedia. Abrin. Last Updated 24 April 2009. [Link]
- Wikipedia. Phytotoxin. Last Updated 7 August 2009. [Link]
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| Gene Regulation |
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| Up-Regulated Genes | Not Available |
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| Down-Regulated Genes | Not Available |
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