| Record Information |
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| Version | 2.0 |
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| Creation Date | 2009-07-06 21:35:33 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2014-12-24 20:25:47 UTC |
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| Accession Number | T3D2630 |
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| Identification |
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| Common Name | Sphingomyelinase D (Loxosceles intermedia) |
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| Class | Protein |
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| Description | Sphingomyelinase D is a dermonecrotic agent produces by the Recluse spiders (genus Loxosceles). It is highly necrotic and causes significant tissue damage. (2) |
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| Compound Type | - Amide
- Amine
- Animal Toxin
- Natural Compound
- Organic Compound
- Protein
- Spider Toxin
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| Protein Structure |  |
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| Synonyms | | Synonym | | Dermonecrotic toxin 1 | | LiRedDT1 | | Phospholipase D LiSicTox-alphaIA1a | | PLD | | SMase D 1 | | SMD 1 | | Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase D 1 | | Sphingomyelinase D |
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| Chemical Formula | Not Available |
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| Average Molecular Mass | 34158.125 g/mol |
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| CAS Registry Number | 9031-54-3 |
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| Sequence | Not Available |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Not Available |
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| Kingdom | Organic Compounds |
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| Super Class | Organic Acids |
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| Class | Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues |
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| Direct Parent | Peptides |
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| Alternative Parents | Not Available |
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| Substituents | Not Available |
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| Molecular Framework | Not Available |
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| External Descriptors | Not Available |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Status | Detected and Not Quantified |
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| Origin | Exogenous |
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| Cellular Locations | Not Available |
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| Biofluid Locations | Not Available |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | Not Available |
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| Applications | Not Available |
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| Biological Roles | Not Available |
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| Chemical Roles | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Liquid |
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| Appearance | Clear solution. |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | | Solubility | >10 mg/mL | | LogP | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | Not Available |
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| Spectra |
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| Spectra | | Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | View |
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| Toxicity Profile |
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| Route of Exposure | Injection (sting/bite) (4) |
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| Mechanism of Toxicity | Sphingomyelinase D catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, inducing complement-dependent haemolysis, dermonecrosis, blood vessel permeability and platelet aggregation. (1) |
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| Metabolism | Free toxin may be removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system (primarily the liver and kidneys) or it may be degraded through cellular internalization via the lysosomes. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of digestive enzymes, including several proteases. |
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| Toxicity Values | Not Available |
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| Lethal Dose | Not Available |
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| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
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| Uses/Sources | Sphingomyelinase D is a dermonecrotic agent produces by the Recluse spiders (genus Loxosceles). (2) |
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| Minimum Risk Level | Not Available |
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| Health Effects | Sphingomyelinase D can produce symptoms ranging from minor localized effects to severe dermonecrotic lesions, up to and including severe systemic reactions including renal failure, and in some cases, death. Even in the absence of systemic effects, serious bites may form a necrotising ulcer that destroys soft tissue and may take months and very rarely years to heal, leaving deep scars. (2) |
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| Symptoms | Sphingomyelinase D is highly necrotic and causes significant tissue damage. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, fever, rashes, and muscle and joint pain. Rarely more severe symptoms occur including haemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. This condition is termed loxoscelism. (2) |
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| Treatment | Several antivenoms exists for Loxosceles stings. (3) |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| HMDB ID | Not Available |
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| PubChem Compound ID | Not Available |
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| ChEMBL ID | Not Available |
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| ChemSpider ID | Not Available |
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| KEGG ID | Not Available |
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| UniProt ID | P0CE80 |
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| OMIM ID | |
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| ChEBI ID | Not Available |
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| BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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| CTD ID | Not Available |
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| Stitch ID | Sphingomyelinase D |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ACToR ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| MSDS | T3D2630.pdf |
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| General References | - The UniProt Consortium. The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) Nucleic Acids Res. 2008;36:D190-D195.
- Wikipedia. Spider bite. Last Updated 5 July 2009. [Link]
- Wikipedia. Antivenom. Last Updated 1 July 2009. [Link]
- Wikipedia. Spider toxin. Last Updated 9 January 2009. [Link]
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| Gene Regulation |
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| Up-Regulated Genes | Not Available |
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| Down-Regulated Genes | Not Available |
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