Enterotoxin type A (T3D2618)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesGene RegulationXML
Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2009-07-06 18:11:34 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:25:46 UTC
Accession NumberT3D2618
Identification
Common NameEnterotoxin type A
ClassProtein
DescriptionEnterotoxin type A is one of many enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus. Enterotoxins are cytotoxic and kill cells by altering the apical membrane permeability of the mucosal (epithelial) cells of the intestinal wall. They are mostly pore forming toxins that assemble to form pores in cell membranes. (2)
Compound Type
  • Amide
  • Amine
  • Bacterial Toxin
  • Natural Compound
  • Organic Compound
  • Protein
Protein StructureT3d2618
Synonyms
Synonym
EntA
Enterotoxin A
SEA
Chemical FormulaNot Available
Average Molecular Mass29669.310 g/mol
CAS Registry NumberNot Available
SequenceNot Available
Chemical Taxonomy
DescriptionNot Available
KingdomOrganic Compounds
Super ClassOrganic Acids
ClassCarboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Sub ClassAmino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues
Direct ParentPeptides
Alternative ParentsNot Available
SubstituentsNot Available
Molecular FrameworkNot Available
External DescriptorsNot Available
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
AppearanceClear solution.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
Solubility>10 mg/mL
LogPNot Available
Predicted PropertiesNot Available
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureIngestion (3) ; inhalation (3) ; dermal (3)
Mechanism of ToxicityThe action of enterotoxins leads to increased chloride ion permeability of the apical membrane of intestinal mucosal cells. These membrane pores are activated by either increased cAMP or by increased calcium ion concentration intracellularly. The pore formation has a direct effect on the osmolarity of the luminal contents of the intestines. Increased chloride permeability leads to leakage into the lumen followed by sodium and water movement. This leads to a secretory diarrhea within a few hours of ingesting enterotoxin. (2)
MetabolismFree toxin may be removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system (primarily the liver and kidneys) or it may be degraded through cellular internalization via the lysosomes. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of digestive enzymes, including several proteases.
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesEnterotoxin type A is one of many enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus. (2)
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsEnterotoxins are cytotoxic. (2)
SymptomsEnterotoxins cause diarrhea. (2)
TreatmentThe treatment of choice for S. aureus infection is penicillin, but in most countries, penicillin-resistance is extremely common and first-line therapy is most commonly a penicillinase-resistant penicillin (for example, oxacillin or flucloxacillin). Combination therapy with gentamicin may be used to treat serious infections like endocarditis, but its use is controversial because of the high risk of damage to the kidneys. The duration of treatment depends on the site of infection and on severity. (1)
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDNot Available
PubChem Compound IDNot Available
ChEMBL IDNot Available
ChemSpider IDNot Available
KEGG IDNot Available
UniProt IDP0A0L2
OMIM ID
ChEBI IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDNot Available
Stitch IDEnterotoxin type A
PDB ID1DYQ
ACToR IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDSNot Available
General References
  1. Wikipedia. Staphylococcus aureus. Last Updated 10 August 2009. [Link]
  2. Wikipedia. Enterotoxin. Last Updated 3 July 2009 [Link]
  3. Wikipedia. Bacterial toxin. Last Updated 27 February 2009. [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated GenesNot Available
Down-Regulated GenesNot Available