Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Creation Date | 2009-07-03 22:19:05 UTC |
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Update Date | 2014-12-24 20:25:38 UTC |
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Accession Number | T3D2512 |
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Identification |
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Common Name | Iberiotoxin |
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Class | Protein |
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Description | Iberiotoxin is a peptide toxin produced by the Eastern Indian red scorpion (Buthus tamulus). It selectively inhibits the current through large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. (2) |
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Compound Type | - Amide
- Amine
- Animal Toxin
- Natural Compound
- Organic Compound
- Protein
- Scorpion Toxin
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Protein Structure | |
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Synonyms | Synonym | IbTx | Potassium channel toxin alpha-KTx 1.3 |
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Chemical Formula | Not Available |
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Average Molecular Mass | 4253.920 g/mol |
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CAS Registry Number | 129203-60-7 |
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Sequence | Not Available |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Not Available |
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Kingdom | Organic Compounds |
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Super Class | Organic Acids |
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Class | Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives |
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Sub Class | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues |
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Direct Parent | Peptides |
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Alternative Parents | Not Available |
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Substituents | Not Available |
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Molecular Framework | Not Available |
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External Descriptors | Not Available |
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Biological Properties |
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Status | Detected and Not Quantified |
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Origin | Exogenous |
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Cellular Locations | - Actin Cytoskeleton
- Apical Membrane
- Axoneme
- Basolateral Membrane
- Caveolae
- Cell junction
- Cell surface
- Cytoskeleton
- Cytosol
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Extracellular
- Extracellular matrix
- Membrane Fraction
- Microtubule
- Mitochondrial Membrane
- Mitochondrion
- Nuclear Membrane
- Plasma Membrane
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
- Synaptic Vesicle
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Biofluid Locations | Not Available |
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Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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Pathways | Name | SMPDB Link | KEGG Link |
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Apoptosis | Not Available | map04210 | Cell cycle | Not Available | map04110 | Circadian rhythm | Not Available | map04710 | Pancreatic secretion | Not Available | map04972 | Long-term potentiation | Not Available | map04720 | Long-term depression | Not Available | map04730 | Insulin secretion | Not Available | map04911 | Endocytosis | Not Available | map04144 | Eicosanoids | Not Available | Not Available | Arachidonic Acid Metabolism | SMP00075 | map00590 |
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Applications | Not Available |
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Biological Roles | Not Available |
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Chemical Roles | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Liquid |
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Appearance | Clear solution. |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Solubility | >10 mg/mL | LogP | Not Available |
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Predicted Properties | Not Available |
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Spectra |
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Spectra | Not Available |
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Toxicity Profile |
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Route of Exposure | Injection (sting/bite) (3) |
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Mechanism of Toxicity | Iberiotoxin binds to the outer face of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels with high affinity. It selectively inhibits the current by decreasing both the probability of opening and the open time of the channel. (2) |
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Metabolism | Free toxin may be removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system (primarily the liver and kidneys) or it may be degraded through cellular internalization via the lysosomes. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of digestive enzymes, including several proteases. |
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Toxicity Values | Not Available |
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Lethal Dose | Not Available |
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Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
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Uses/Sources | Iberiotoxin is a peptide toxin produced by the Eastern Indian red scorpion (Buthus tamulus). (2) |
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Minimum Risk Level | Not Available |
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Health Effects | Iberiotoxin produces mainly cardiopulmonary abnormalities like circulatory derangements, myocarditis and changes in cardiac sarcolemmal ATPase. These abnormalities can potentially cause death. (2) |
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Symptoms | Iberiotoxin initially causes transient cholinergic stimulation (vomiting, profuse sweating, bradycardia, priapism, hypersalivation, and hypotension) which is followed by sustained adrenergic hyperactivity (hypertension, tachycardia, and myocardial failure). (1) |
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Treatment | Treatment is mainly symptomatic. Local pain is treated by injecting dehydroemetine at the site of the sting. Hypovolaemia is corrected by oral rehydration solution. Agitated, confused and non-cooperative patients are given a 5% dextrose saline drip. Patients with hypertension on admission are given a single dose of 5 mg sublingual nifedipine and oral prazosin. The blood pressure in patients with hypertension is controlled with sublingual nifedipine alone. Patients with pulmonary oedema are propped up and given intravenous aminophylline, sodium bicarbonate, oral prazosin, and oxygen by mask. (2) |
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Normal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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External Links |
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DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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HMDB ID | Not Available |
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PubChem Compound ID | 71433880 |
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ChEMBL ID | Not Available |
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ChemSpider ID | 31149632 |
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KEGG ID | Not Available |
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UniProt ID | P24663 |
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OMIM ID | |
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ChEBI ID | Not Available |
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BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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CTD ID | Not Available |
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Stitch ID | Iberiotoxin |
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PDB ID | Not Available |
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ACToR ID | Not Available |
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Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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References |
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Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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MSDS | T3D2512.pdf |
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General References | - Vidaud C, Dedieu A, Basset C, Plantevin S, Dany I, Pible O, Quemeneur E: Screening of human serum proteins for uranium binding. Chem Res Toxicol. 2005 Jun;18(6):946-53. [15962929 ]
- Wikipedia. Iberiotoxin. Last Updated 24 June 2009. [Link]
- Wikipedia. Scorpion toxin. Last Updated 12 July 2009. [Link]
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Gene Regulation |
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Up-Regulated Genes | Not Available |
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Down-Regulated Genes | Not Available |
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