1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane (T3D1804)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesGene RegulationXML
Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2009-06-22 16:08:38 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:24:40 UTC
Accession NumberT3D1804
Identification
Common Name1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane
ClassSmall Molecule
Description1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane is an organobromide compound. It is used to separate mineral ores from its supporting rock by means of preferential flotation. Bromine is a halogen element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. Diatomic bromine does not occur naturally, but bromine salts can be found in crustal rock. (4, 7)
Compound Type
  • Bromide Compound
  • Industrial/Workplace Toxin
  • Organic Compound
  • Organobromide
  • Synthetic Compound
Chemical Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
Synonym
1, 1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrabromaethan
1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoetano
1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane,coloured
1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethylene
1,1,2,2-Tetrabroomethaan
Acetylene tetrabomide
Acetylene tetrabromide
Muthmann's liquid
Muthmanns liquid
S-tetrabromoethane
SYM-tetrabromoethane
TBE
Tetrabromoacetylene
Tetrabromoethane
Chemical FormulaC2H2Br4
Average Molecular Mass345.653 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass341.689 g/mol
CAS Registry Number79-27-6
IUPAC Name1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane
Traditional Nametetrabromoethane
SMILESBrC(Br)C(Br)Br
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C2H2Br4/c3-1(4)2(5)6/h1-2H
InChI KeyInChIKey=QXSZNDIIPUOQMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organobromides. Organobromides are compounds containing a chemical bond between a carbon atom and a bromine atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganohalogen compounds
ClassOrganobromides
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentOrganobromides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organobromide
  • Alkyl halide
  • Alkyl bromide
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
AppearanceNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting Point0°C
Boiling PointNot Available
Solubility0.678 mg/mL at 25°C [HORVATH,AL et al. (1999)]
LogPNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.054 g/LALOGPS
logP3.38ALOGPS
logP2ChemAxon
logS-3.8ALOGPS
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area0 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity42.03 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability16.8 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0006-0009000000-d30661e9a297d5263c1c2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0006-0009000000-4708c358701815c9708e2016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-03di-0293000000-9d6faac29b3e56fb8da52016-08-03View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0006-0009000000-10b0f3b73dc87b5a213c2016-08-04View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0006-0039000000-45e0ca19733ae15365c02016-08-04View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-03di-0091000000-c0886bed3f5741039e1c2016-08-04View Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-014i-1490000000-6a187f3463a6febdaa9c2014-09-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, CCl4, experimental)Not Available2014-09-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 15.09 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)Not Available2014-09-23View Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureOral (5) ; inhalation (5) ; dermal (5)
Mechanism of ToxicityBromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (5, 6, 1)
MetabolismBromine is mainly absorbed via inhalation, but may also enter the body through dermal contact. Bromine salts can be ingested. Due to its reactivity, bromine quickly forms bromide and may be deposited in the tissues, displacing other halogens. (5)
Toxicity ValuesLD50: 1200 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (2) LD50: 5250 mg/kg (Dermal, Rat) (2) LD50: 443 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) (2) LC50: 549 mg/m3 over 4 hours (Inhalation, Rat) (2)
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesIt is used to separate mineral ores from its supporting rock by means of preferential flotation. Diatomic bromine does not occur naturally, but bromine salts can be found in crustal rock.
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsBromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (4, 5, 6)
SymptomsBromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (5, 6)
TreatmentEYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDNot Available
PubChem Compound ID6588
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL1438332
ChemSpider ID6339
KEGG IDNot Available
UniProt IDNot Available
OMIM ID
ChEBI IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDC037530
Stitch ID1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane
PDB IDNot Available
ACToR ID6709
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDST3D1804.pdf
General References
  1. Ziouzenkova O, Orasanu G, Sharlach M, Akiyama TE, Berger JP, Viereck J, Hamilton JA, Tang G, Dolnikowski GG, Vogel S, Duester G, Plutzky J: Retinaldehyde represses adipogenesis and diet-induced obesity. Nat Med. 2007 Jun;13(6):695-702. Epub 2007 May 27. [17529981 ]
  2. Lewis RJ (1996). Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
  3. Golomb, BA (1999). A Review of the Scientific Literature As It Pertains to Gulf War Illnesses. Volume 2: Pyridostigmine Bromide. Washington, DC: RAND.
  4. Wikipedia. Bromine. Last Updated 9 June 2009. [Link]
  5. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) INCHEM (1992). Poison Information Monograph for Bromine. [Link]
  6. Wikipedia. Potassium bromide. Last Updated 9 June 2009. [Link]
  7. Wikipedia. Tetrabromobisphenol A. Last Updated 30 April 2009. [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated GenesNot Available
Down-Regulated GenesNot Available