NameHistone deacetylase 9
Synonyms
  • 3.5.1.98
  • HD7
  • HD7b
  • HD9
  • HDAC7
  • HDAC7B
  • HDRP
  • Histone deacetylase 7B
  • Histone deacetylase-related protein
  • KIAA0744
  • MEF2-interacting transcription repressor MITR
  • MITR
Gene NameHDAC9
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0001756|Histone deacetylase 9
MHSMISSVDVKSEVPVGLEPISPLDLRTDLRMMMPVVDPVVREKQLQQELLLIQQQQQIQ
KQLLIAEFQKQHENLTRQHQAQLQEHIKELLAIKQQQELLEKEQKLEQQRQEQEVERHRR
EQQLPPLRGKDRGRERAVASTEVKQKLQEFLLSKSATKDTPTNGKNHSVSRHPKLWYTAA
HHTSLDQSSPPLSGTSPSYKYTLPGAQDAKDDFPLRKTASEPNLKVRSRLKQKVAERRSS
PLLRRKDGNVVTSFKKRMFEVTESSVSSSSPGSGPSSPNNGPTGSVTENETSVLPPTPHA
EQMVSQQRILIHEDSMNLLSLYTSPSLPNITLGLPAVPSQLNASNSLKEKQKCETQTLRQ
GVPLPGQYGGSIPASSSHPHVTLEGKPPNSSHQALLQHLLLKEQMRQQKLLVAGGVPLHP
QSPLATKERISPGIRGTHKLPRHRPLNRTQSAPLPQSTLAQLVIQQQHQQFLEKQKQYQQ
QIHMNKLLSKSIEQLKQPGSHLEEAEEELQGDQAMQEDRAPSSGNSTRSDSSACVDDTLG
QVGAVKVKEEPVDSDEDAQIQEMESGEQAAFMQQPFLEPTHTRALSVRQAPLAAVGMDGL
EKHRLVSRTHSSPAASVLPHPAMDRPLQPGSATGIAYDPLMLKHQCVCGNSTTHPEHAGR
IQSIWSRLQETGLLNKCERIQGRKASLEEIQLVHSEHHSLLYGTNPLDGQKLDPRILLGD
DSQKFFSSLPCGGLGVDSDTIWNELHSSGAARMAVGCVIELASKVASGELKNGFAVVRPP
GHHAEESTAMGFCFFNSVAITAKYLRDQLNISKILIVDLDVHHGNGTQQAFYADPSILYI
SLHRYDEGNFFPGSGAPNEVGTGLGEGYNINIAWTGGLDPPMGDVEYLEAFRTIVKPVAK
EFDPDMVLVSAGFDALEGHTPPLGGYKVTAKCFGHLTKQLMTLADGRVVLALEGGHDLTA
ICDASEACVNALLGNELEPLAEDILHQSPNMNAVISLQKIIEIQSMSLKFS
Number of residues1011
Molecular Weight111296.29
Theoretical pI6.88
GO Classification
Functions
  • repressing transcription factor binding
  • transcription factor binding
  • metal ion binding
  • histone deacetylase activity
  • histone deacetylase binding
  • NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K14 specific)
  • protein deacetylase activity
  • transcription corepressor activity
  • protein kinase C binding
Processes
  • negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
  • regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
  • B cell differentiation
  • B cell activation
  • inflammatory response
  • histone deacetylation
  • heart development
  • histone H3 deacetylation
  • response to amphetamine
  • histone H4 deacetylation
  • positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis
  • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
  • neuron differentiation
  • cellular response to insulin stimulus
  • peptidyl-lysine deacetylation
  • transcription, DNA-templated
  • Notch signaling pathway
  • regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
Components
  • cytoplasm
  • nucleus
  • transcription factor complex
  • histone deacetylase complex
  • nucleoplasm
  • histone methyltransferase complex
General FunctionTranscription factor binding
Specific FunctionResponsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Represses MEF2-dependent transcription.Isoform 3 lacks active site residues and therefore is catalytically inactive. Represses MEF2-dependent transcription by recruiting HDAC1 and/or HDAC3. Seems to inhibit skeletal myogenesis and to be involved in heart development. Protects neurons from apoptosis, both by inhibiting JUN phosphorylation by MAPK10 and by repressing JUN transcription via HDAC1 recruitment to JUN promoter.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane RegionsNot Available
GenBank Protein ID15590680
UniProtKB IDQ9UKV0
UniProtKB Entry NameHDAC9_HUMAN
Cellular LocationNucleus
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0016237|Histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9)
ATGATGAGCTCACCTGCACAGCCTGACCTCATGTGGAACCTTGTACCATGGGTGCTATTC
TGTGGCTGCTGTAGGATCTTCCCAGATGGGGTGGCTGGACGAGAGCAGCTCTTGGCTCAG
CAAAGAATGCACAGTATGATCAGCTCAGTGGATGTGAAGTCAGAAGTTCCTGTGGGCCTG
GAGCCCATCTCACCTTTAGACCTAAGGACAGACCTCAGGATGATGATGCCCGTGGTGGAC
CCTGTTGTCCGTGAGAAGCAATTGCAGCAGGAATTACTTCTTATCCAGCAGCAGCAACAA
ATCCAGAAGCAGCTTCTGATAGCAGAGTTTCAGAAACAGCATGAGAACTTGACACGGCAG
CACCAGGCTCAGCTTCAGGAGCATATCAAGGAACTTCTAGCCATAAAACAGCAACAAGAA
CTCCTAGAAAAGGAGCAGAAACTGGAGCAGCAGAGGCAAGAACAGGAAGTAGAGAGGCAT
CGCAGAGAACAGCAGCTTCCTCCTCTCAGAGGCAAAGATAGAGGACGAGAAAGGGCAGTG
GCAAGTACAGAAGTAAAGCAGAAGCTTCAAGAGTTCCTACTGAGTAAATCAGCAACGAAA
GACACTCCAACTAATGGAAAAAATCATTCCGTGAGCCGCCATCCCAAGCTCTGGTACACG
GCTGCCCACCACACATCATTGGATCAAAGCTCTCCACCCCTTAGTGGAACATCTCCATCC
TACAAGTACACATTACCAGGAGCACAAGATGCAAAGGATGATTTCCCCCTTCGAAAAACT
GAATCCTCAGTCAGTAGCAGTTCTCCAGGCTCTGGTCCCAGTTCACCAAACAATGGGCCA
ACTGGAAGTGTTACTGAAAATGAGACTTCGGTTTTGCCCCCTACCCCTCATGCCGAGCAA
ATGGTTTCACAGCAACGCATTCTAATTCATGAAGATTCCATGAACCTGCTAAGTCTTTAT
ACCTCTCCTTCTTTGCCCAACATTACCTTGGGGCTTCCCGCAGTGCCATCCCAGCTCAAT
GCTTCGAATTCACTCAAAGAAAAGCAGAAGTGTGAGACGCAGACGCTTAGGCAAGGTGTT
CCTCTGCCTGGGCAGTATGGAGGCAGCATCCCGGCATCTTCCAGCCACCCTCATGTTACT
TTAGAGGGAAAGCCACCCAACAGCAGCCACCAGGCTCTCCTGCAGCATTTATTATTGAAA
GAACAAATGCGACAGCAAAAGCTTCTTGTAGCTGGTGGAGTTCCCTTACATCCTCAGTCT
CCCTTGGCAACAAAAGAGAGAATTTCACCTGGCATTAGAGGTACCCACAAATTGCCCCGT
CACAGACCCCTGAACCGAACCCAGTCTGCACCTTTGCCTCAGAGCACGTTGGCTCAGCTG
GTCATTCAACAGCAACACCAGCAATTCTTGGAGAAGCAGAAGCAATACCAGCAGCAGATC
CACATGAACAAACTGCTTTCGAAATCTATTGAACAACTGAAGCAACCAGGCAGTCACCTT
GAGGAAGCAGAGGAAGAGCTTCAGGGGGACCAGGCGATGCAGGAAGACAGAGCGCCCTCT
AGTGGCAACAGCACTAGGAGCGACAGCAGTGCTTGTGTGGATGACACACTGGGACAAGTT
GGGGCTGTGAAGGTCAAGGAGGAACCAGTGGACAGTGATGAAGATGCTCAGATCCAGGAA
ATGGAATCTGGGGAGCAGGCTGCTTTTATGCAACAGGTAATAGGCAAAGATTTAGCTCCA
GGATTTGTAATTAAAGTCATTATCTGA
GenBank Gene IDAY032737
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDHDAC9
HGNC IDHGNC:14065
Chromosome Location7
Locus7p21.1
References
  1. Zhou X, Marks PA, Rifkind RA, Richon VM: Cloning and characterization of a histone deacetylase, HDAC9. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Sep 11;98(19):10572-7. Epub 2001 Sep 4. 11535832
  2. David D, Cardoso J, Marques B, Marques R, Silva ED, Santos H, Boavida MG: Molecular characterization of a familial translocation implicates disruption of HDAC9 and possible position effect on TGFbeta2 in the pathogenesis of Peters' anomaly. Genomics. 2003 May;81(5):489-503. 12706107
  3. Petrie K, Guidez F, Howell L, Healy L, Waxman S, Greaves M, Zelent A: The histone deacetylase 9 gene encodes multiple protein isoforms. J Biol Chem. 2003 May 2;278(18):16059-72. Epub 2003 Feb 17. 12590135
  4. Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Suyama M, Kikuno R, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XI. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 1998 Oct 30;5(5):277-86. 9872452
  5. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. 14702039
  6. Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Graves TA, Pepin KH, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Maas J, Jaeger S, Walker R, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, O'Laughlin MD, Schaller ME, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Cordes M, Du H, Sun H, Edwards J, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Andrews S, Isak A, Vanbrunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Lamar B, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Bielicki L, Scott K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Harris A, Strong CM, Hou S, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Leonard S, Rohlfing T, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Abbott A, Minx P, Maupin R, Strowmatt C, Latreille P, Miller N, Johnson D, Murray J, Woessner JP, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Schultz BR, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Nelson JO, Berkowicz N, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Bedell JA, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Chissoe SL, Marra MA, Raymond C, Haugen E, Gillett W, Zhou Y, James R, Phelps K, Iadanoto S, Bubb K, Simms E, Levy R, Clendenning J, Kaul R, Kent WJ, Furey TS, Baertsch RA, Brent MR, Keibler E, Flicek P, Bork P, Suyama M, Bailey JA, Portnoy ME, Torrents D, Chinwalla AT, Gish WR, Eddy SR, McPherson JD, Olson MV, Eichler EE, Green ED, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. Nature. 2003 Jul 10;424(6945):157-64. 12853948
  7. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. 15489334
  8. Wang AH, Bertos NR, Vezmar M, Pelletier N, Crosato M, Heng HH, Th'ng J, Han J, Yang XJ: HDAC4, a human histone deacetylase related to yeast HDA1, is a transcriptional corepressor. Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Nov;19(11):7816-27. 10523670
  9. Sparrow DB, Miska EA, Langley E, Reynaud-Deonauth S, Kotecha S, Towers N, Spohr G, Kouzarides T, Mohun TJ: MEF-2 function is modified by a novel co-repressor, MITR. EMBO J. 1999 Sep 15;18(18):5085-98. 10487760
  10. Zhou X, Richon VM, Rifkind RA, Marks PA: Identification of a transcriptional repressor related to the noncatalytic domain of histone deacetylases 4 and 5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Feb 1;97(3):1056-61. 10655483
  11. Miska EA, Karlsson C, Langley E, Nielsen SJ, Pines J, Kouzarides T: HDAC4 deacetylase associates with and represses the MEF2 transcription factor. EMBO J. 1999 Sep 15;18(18):5099-107. 10487761
  12. Kirsh O, Seeler JS, Pichler A, Gast A, Muller S, Miska E, Mathieu M, Harel-Bellan A, Kouzarides T, Melchior F, Dejean A: The SUMO E3 ligase RanBP2 promotes modification of the HDAC4 deacetylase. EMBO J. 2002 Jun 3;21(11):2682-91. 12032081
  13. Morrison BE, Majdzadeh N, Zhang X, Lyles A, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN, D'Mello SR: Neuroprotection by histone deacetylase-related protein. Mol Cell Biol. 2006 May;26(9):3550-64. 16611996
  14. Li B, Samanta A, Song X, Iacono KT, Bembas K, Tao R, Basu S, Riley JL, Hancock WW, Shen Y, Saouaf SJ, Greene MI: FOXP3 interactions with histone acetyltransferase and class II histone deacetylases are required for repression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Mar 13;104(11):4571-6. Epub 2007 Mar 7. 17360565
  15. Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007. 19690332
  16. Harrison BC, Huynh K, Lundgaard GL, Helmke SM, Perryman MB, McKinsey TA: Protein kinase C-related kinase targets nuclear localization signals in a subset of class IIa histone deacetylases. FEBS Lett. 2010 Mar 19;584(6):1103-10. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.02.057. Epub 2010 Feb 24. 20188095
  17. Varela I, Tarpey P, Raine K, Huang D, Ong CK, Stephens P, Davies H, Jones D, Lin ML, Teague J, Bignell G, Butler A, Cho J, Dalgliesh GL, Galappaththige D, Greenman C, Hardy C, Jia M, Latimer C, Lau KW, Marshall J, McLaren S, Menzies A, Mudie L, Stebbings L, Largaespada DA, Wessels LF, Richard S, Kahnoski RJ, Anema J, Tuveson DA, Perez-Mancera PA, Mustonen V, Fischer A, Adams DJ, Rust A, Chan-on W, Subimerb C, Dykema K, Furge K, Campbell PJ, Teh BT, Stratton MR, Futreal PA: Exome sequencing identifies frequent mutation of the SWI/SNF complex gene PBRM1 in renal carcinoma. Nature. 2011 Jan 27;469(7331):539-42. doi: 10.1038/nature09639. Epub 2011 Jan 19. 21248752