NameElongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 4
Synonyms
  • 2.3.1.199
  • 3-keto acyl-CoA synthase ELOVL4
  • ELOVL FA elongase 4
  • ELOVL fatty acid elongase 4
  • Very long chain 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 4
  • Very long chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA synthase 4
Gene NameELOVL4
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0019253|Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 4
MGLLDSEPGSVLNVVSTALNDTVEFYRWTWSIADKRVENWPLMQSPWPTLSISTLYLLFV
WLGPKWMKDREPFQMRLVLIIYNFGMVLLNLFIFRELFMGSYNAGYSYICQSVDYSNNVH
EVRIAAALWWYFVSKGVEYLDTVFFILRKKNNQVSFLHVYHHCTMFTLWWIGIKWVAGGQ
AFFGAQLNSFIHVIMYSYYGLTAFGPWIQKYLWWKRYLTMLQLIQFHVTIGHTALSLYTD
CPFPKWMHWALIAYAISFIFLFLNFYIRTYKEPKKPKAGKTAMNGISANGVSKSEKQLMI
ENGKKQKNGKAKGD
Number of residues314
Molecular Weight36828.905
Theoretical pI9.86
GO Classification
Functions
  • transferase activity
  • G-protein coupled photoreceptor activity
Processes
  • small molecule metabolic process
  • cellular lipid metabolic process
  • fatty acid biosynthetic process
  • triglyceride biosynthetic process
  • long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process
  • detection of visible light
  • fatty acid elongation, saturated fatty acid
  • very long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process
Components
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • integral component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane
General FunctionTransferase activity
Specific FunctionCatalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction of the four that constitute the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process, allows the addition of 2 carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids/VLCFAs per cycle. Condensing enzyme that specifically elongates C24:0 and C26:0 acyl-CoAs. May participate to the production of saturated and monounsaturated VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane lipids and lipid mediators. May play a critical role in early brain and skin development.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions42-62 78-98 127-147 165-185 188-208 217-237 247-267
GenBank Protein ID12044051
UniProtKB IDQ9GZR5
UniProtKB Entry NameELOV4_HUMAN
Cellular LocationEndoplasmic reticulum membrane
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0019254|Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 4 (ELOVL4)
ATGGGGCTCCTGGACTCGGAGCCGGGTAGTGTCCTAAACGTAGTGTCCACGGCACTCAAC
GACACGGTAGAGTTCTACCGCTGGACCTGGTCCATCGCAGATAAGCGTGTGGAAAATTGG
CCTCTGATGCAGTCTCCTTGGCCTACACTAAGTATAAGCACTCTTTATCTCCTGTTTGTG
TGGCTGGGTCCAAAATGGATGAAGGACCGAGAACCTTTTCAGATGCGTCTAGTGCTCATT
ATCTATAATTTTGGGATGGTTTTGCTTAACCTCTTTATCTTCAGAGAGTTATTCATGGGA
TCATATAATGCGGGATATAGCTATATTTGCCAGAGTGTGGATTATTCTAATAATGTTCAT
GAAGTCAGGATAGCTGCTGCTCTGTGGTGGTACTTTGTATCTAAAGGAGTTGAGTATTTG
GACACAGTGTTTTTTATTCTGAGAAAGAAAAACAACCAAGTTTCTTTCCTTCATGTGTAT
CATCACTGTACGATGTTTACCTTGTGGTGGATTGGAATTAAGTGGGTTGCAGGAGGACAA
GCATTTTTTGGAGCCCAGTTGAATTCCTTTATCCATGTGATTATGTACTCATACTATGGG
TTAACTGCATTTGGCCCATGGATTCAGAAATATCTTTGGTGGAAACGATACCTGACTATG
TTGCAACTGATTCAATTCCATGTGACCATTGGGCACACGGCACTGTCTCTTTACACTGAC
TGCCCCTTCCCCAAATGGATGCACTGGGCTCTAATTGCCTATGCAATCAGCTTCATATTT
CTCTTTCTTAACTTCTACATTCGGACATACAAAGAGCCTAAGAAACCAAAAGCTGGAAAA
ACAGCCATGAATGGTATTTCAGCAAATGGTGTGAGCAAATCAGAAAAACAACTCATGATA
GAAAATGGAAAAAAGCAGAAAAATGGAAAAGCAAAAGGAGATTAA
GenBank Gene IDAF279654
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDELOVL4
HGNC IDHGNC:14415
Chromosome Location6
Locus6q14
References
  1. Zhang K, Kniazeva M, Han M, Li W, Yu Z, Yang Z, Li Y, Metzker ML, Allikmets R, Zack DJ, Kakuk LE, Lagali PS, Wong PW, MacDonald IM, Sieving PA, Figueroa DJ, Austin CP, Gould RJ, Ayyagari R, Petrukhin K: A 5-bp deletion in ELOVL4 is associated with two related forms of autosomal dominant macular dystrophy. Nat Genet. 2001 Jan;27(1):89-93. 11138005
  2. Edwards AO, Donoso LA, Ritter R 3rd: A novel gene for autosomal dominant Stargardt-like macular dystrophy with homology to the SUR4 protein family. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001 Oct;42(11):2652-63. 11581213
  3. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. 14702039
  4. Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. 14574404
  5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. 15489334
  6. Grayson C, Molday RS: Dominant negative mechanism underlies autosomal dominant Stargardt-like macular dystrophy linked to mutations in ELOVL4. J Biol Chem. 2005 Sep 16;280(37):32521-30. Epub 2005 Jul 21. 16036915
  7. Ohno Y, Suto S, Yamanaka M, Mizutani Y, Mitsutake S, Igarashi Y, Sassa T, Kihara A: ELOVL1 production of C24 acyl-CoAs is linked to C24 sphingolipid synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Oct 26;107(43):18439-44. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1005572107. Epub 2010 Oct 11. 20937905
  8. Aldahmesh MA, Mohamed JY, Alkuraya HS, Verma IC, Puri RD, Alaiya AA, Rizzo WB, Alkuraya FS: Recessive mutations in ELOVL4 cause ichthyosis, intellectual disability, and spastic quadriplegia. Am J Hum Genet. 2011 Dec 9;89(6):745-50. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.10.011. Epub 2011 Nov 17. 22100072
  9. Rivolta C, Ayyagari R, Sieving PA, Berson EL, Dryja TP: Evaluation of the ELOVL4 gene in patients with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis. Mol Vis. 2003 Feb 18;9:49-51. 12592226
  10. Cadieux-Dion M, Turcotte-Gauthier M, Noreau A, Martin C, Meloche C, Gravel M, Drouin CA, Rouleau GA, Nguyen DK, Cossette P: Expanding the clinical phenotype associated with ELOVL4 mutation: study of a large French-Canadian family with autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia and erythrokeratodermia. JAMA Neurol. 2014 Apr;71(4):470-5. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.6337. 24566826