Copper-transporting ATPase 1

NameCopper-transporting ATPase 1
Synonyms
  • 3.6.3.54
  • Copper pump 1
  • MC1
  • Menkes disease-associated protein
  • MNK
Gene NameATP7A
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0007046|Copper-transporting ATPase 1
MDPSMGVNSVTISVEGMTCNSCVWTIEQQIGKVNGVHHIKVSLEEKNATIIYDPKLQTPK
TLQEAIDDMGFDAVIHNPDPLPVLTDTLFLTVTASLTLPWDHIQSTLLKTKGVTDIKIYP
QKRTVAVTIIPSIVNANQIKELVPELSLDTGTLEKKSGACEDHSMAQAGEVVLKMKVEGM
TCHSCTSTIEGKIGKLQGVQRIKVSLDNQEATIVYQPHLISVEEMKKQIEAMGFPAFVKK
QPKYLKLGAIDVERLKNTPVKSSEGSQQRSPSYTNDSTATFIIDGMHCKSCVSNIESTLS
ALQYVSSIVVSLENRSAIVKYNASSVTPESLRKAIEAVSPGLYRVSITSEVESTSNSPSS
SSLQKIPLNVVSQPLTQETVINIDGMTCNSCVQSIEGVISKKPGVKSIRVSLANSNGTVE
YDPLLTSPETLRGAIEDMGFDATLSDTNEPLVVIAQPSSEMPLLTSTNEFYTKGMTPVQD
KEEGKNSSKCYIQVTGMTCASCVANIERNLRREEGIYSILVALMAGKAEVRYNPAVIQPP
MIAEFIRELGFGATVIENADEGDGVLELVVRGMTCASCVHKIESSLTKHRGILYCSVALA
TNKAHIKYDPEIIGPRDIIHTIESLGFEASLVKKDRSASHLDHKREIRQWRRSFLVSLFF
CIPVMGLMIYMMVMDHHFATLHHNQNMSKEEMINLHSSMFLERQILPGLSVMNLLSFLLC
VPVQFFGGWYFYIQAYKALKHKTANMDVLIVLATTIAFAYSLIILLVAMYERAKVNPITF
FDTPPMLFVFIALGRWLEHIAKGKTSEALAKLISLQATEATIVTLDSDNILLSEEQVDVE
LVQRGDIIKVVPGGKFPVDGRVIEGHSMVDESLITGEAMPVAKKPGSTVIAGSINQNGSL
LICATHVGADTTLSQIVKLVEEAQTSKAPIQQFADKLSGYFVPFIVFVSIATLLVWIVIG
FLNFEIVETYFPGYNRSISRTETIIRFAFQASITVLCIACPCSLGLATPTAVMVGTGVGA
QNGILIKGGEPLEMAHKVKVVVFDKTGTITHGTPVVNQVKVLTESNRISHHKILAIVGTA
ESNSEHPLGTAITKYCKQELDTETLGTCIDFQVVPGCGISCKVTNIEGLLHKNNWNIEDN
NIKNASLVQIDASNEQSSTSSSMIIDAQISNALNAQQYKVLIGNREWMIRNGLVINNDVN
DFMTEHERKGRTAVLVAVDDELCGLIAIADTVKPEAELAIHILKSMGLEVVLMTGDNSKT
ARSIASQVGITKVFAEVLPSHKVAKVKQLQEEGKRVAMVGDGINDSPALAMANVGIAIGT
GTDVAIEAADVVLIRNDLLDVVASIDLSRETVKRIRINFVFALIYNLVGIPIAAGVFMPI
GLVLQPWMGSAAMAASSVSVVLSSLFLKLYRKPTYESYELPARSQIGQKSPSEISVHVGI
DDTSRNSPKLGLLDRIVNYSRASINSLLSDKRSLNSVVTSEPDKHSLLVGDFREDDDTAL
Number of residues1500
Molecular Weight163372.275
Theoretical pI6.18
GO Classification
Functions
  • ATP binding
  • copper-dependent protein binding
  • copper ion binding
  • copper-exporting ATPase activity
  • superoxide dismutase copper chaperone activity
  • copper ion transmembrane transporter activity
Processes
  • release of cytochrome c from mitochondria
  • response to zinc ion
  • blood vessel development
  • neuron projection morphogenesis
  • negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
  • positive regulation of metalloenzyme activity
  • collagen fibril organization
  • skin development
  • negative regulation of metalloenzyme activity
  • elastin biosynthetic process
  • extracellular matrix organization
  • tyrosine metabolic process
  • ATP metabolic process
  • blood vessel remodeling
  • epinephrine metabolic process
  • ion transmembrane transport
  • pigmentation
  • removal of superoxide radicals
  • cartilage development
  • plasma membrane copper ion transport
  • T-helper cell differentiation
  • peptidyl-lysine modification
  • cerebellar Purkinje cell differentiation
  • regulation of oxidative phosphorylation
  • regulation of gene expression
  • response to iron(III) ion
  • lactation
  • central nervous system neuron development
  • copper ion transport
  • lung alveolus development
  • dendrite morphogenesis
  • cellular copper ion homeostasis
  • hair follicle morphogenesis
  • dopamine metabolic process
  • copper ion export
  • in utero embryonic development
  • response to reactive oxygen species
  • locomotory behavior
  • copper ion import
  • norepinephrine metabolic process
  • elastic fiber assembly
  • serotonin metabolic process
  • catecholamine metabolic process
  • positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity
  • positive regulation of catalytic activity
  • pyramidal neuron development
  • tryptophan metabolic process
  • mitochondrion organization
  • norepinephrine biosynthetic process
  • transmembrane transport
  • detoxification of copper ion
Components
  • secretory granule
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • late endosome
  • plasma membrane
  • basolateral plasma membrane
  • trans-Golgi network
  • trans-Golgi network transport vesicle
  • Golgi apparatus
  • cytosol
  • neuron projection
  • perinuclear region of cytoplasm
  • brush border membrane
  • integral component of plasma membrane
  • membrane
  • neuronal cell body
General FunctionSuperoxide dismutase copper chaperone activity
Specific FunctionMay supply copper to copper-requiring proteins within the secretory pathway, when localized in the trans-Golgi network. Under conditions of elevated extracellular copper, it relocalized to the plasma membrane where it functions in the efflux of copper from cells.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions654-675 715-734 742-762 782-802 937-959 990-1011 1357-1374 1386-1405
GenBank Protein ID179253
UniProtKB IDQ04656
UniProtKB Entry NameATP7A_HUMAN
Cellular LocationGolgi apparatus
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021693|Copper-transporting ATPase 1 (ATP7A)
ATGGATCCAAGTATGGGTGTGAATTCTGTTACCATTTCTGTTGAGGGTATGACTTGCAAT
TCCTGTGTTTGGACCATTGAGCAGCAGATTGGAAAAGTGAATGGTGTGCATCACATTAAG
GTATCACTGGAAGAAAAAAATGCAACTATTATTTATGACCCTAAACTACAGACTCCAAAG
ACCCTACAGGAAGCTATTGATGACATGGGCTTTGATGCTGTTATCCATAATCCTGACCCT
CTCCCTGTTTTAACTGACACCTTGTTTCTGACTGTTACGGCGTCACTGACTTTGCCATGG
GACCATATCCAAAGCACATTGCTGAAGACCAAGGGTGTGACAGACATTAAAATTTACCCT
CAGAAAAGAACTGTAGCAGTGACAATAATCCCTTCTATAGTGAATGCCAATCAGATAAAA
GAGCTGGTTCCAGAACTCAGTTTAGATACTGGGACACTGGAGAAAAAGTCAGGAGCTTGT
GAAGATCATAGTATGGCTCAAGCTGGTGAAGTCGTGCTGAAGATGAAAGTGGAAGGGATG
ACCTGCCATTCATGTACTAGCACTATTGAAGGAAAAATTGGGAAACTGCAAGGTGTTCAG
CGAATTAAAGTCTCCCTGGACAATCAAGAAGCTACTATTGTTTATCAACCTCATCTTATC
TCAGTAGAGGAAATGAAAAAGCAGATTGAAGCTATGGGCTTTCCAGCATTTGTCAAAAAG
CAGCCCAAGTACCTCAAATTGGGAGCTATTGATGTAGAACGTCTAAAGAACACACCAGTT
AAATCCTCAGAAGGGTCACAGCAAAGGAGTCCATCATATACCAATGATTCAACAGCCACT
TTCATCATTGATGGCATGCATTGTAAATCATGTGTGTCAAATATTGAAAGTACTTTATCT
GCACTCCAATATGTAAGCAGCATAGTAGTTTCTTTAGAGAATAGGTCTGCCATTGTGAAG
TATAATGCAAGCTCAGTCACTCCAGAATCCCTGAGAAAAGCAATAGAGGCTGTATCACCG
GGGCTATATAGAGTTAGTATCACAAGTGAAGTTGAGAGTACCTCAAACTCTCCCTCCAGC
TCATCTCTTCAGAAGATTCCTTTGAATGTAGTTAGCCAGCCTCTGACACAAGAAACTGTG
ATAAACATTGATGGCATGACTTGTAATTCCTGTGTGCAGTCTATTGAGGGTGTCATATCA
AAAAAGCCAGGTGTAAAATCCATACGAGTCTCCCTTGCAAATAGCAATGGGACTGTTGAG
TATGATCCTCTACTAACCTCTCCAGAAACGTTGAGAGGAGCAATAGAAGACATGGGATTT
GATGCTACCTTGTCAGACACGAATGAGCCGTTGGTAGTAATAGCTCAGCCTTCATCGGAA
ATGCCGCTTTTGACTTCAACTAATGAATTTTATACTAAAGGGATGACACCAGTTCAAGAC
AAGGAGGAAGGAAAGAATTCATCTAAGTGTTACATACAGGTCACTGGCATGACTTGCGCT
TCCTGTGTAGCAAACATTGAACGGAATTTAAGGCGGGAAGAAGGAATATATTCTATACTT
GTGGCCCTGATGGCTGGCAAGGCAGAAGTAAGGTATAATCCTGCTGTTATACAACCCCCA
ATGATAGCAGAGTTCATCCGAGAACTTGGATTTGGAGCCACTGTGATAGAAAATGCTGAT
GAAGGAGATGGTGTTTTGGAACTTGTTGTGAGGGGAATGACGTGTGCCTCCTGCGTACAT
AAAATAGAGTCTAGTCTCACAAAACACAGAGGGATCCTATACTGCTCCGTGGCCCTGGCA
ACCAACAAAGCACATATTAAATATGACCCAGAAATTATTGGTCCTAGAGATATTATCCAT
ACAATTGAAAGCTTAGGTTTTGAAGCTTCTTTGGTCAAGAAGGATCGGTCAGCAAGTCAC
TTAGATCATAAACGAGAAATAAGACAATGGAGACGGTCTTTTCTTGTGAGTCTGTTTTTC
TGTATTCCTGTAATGGGGCTGATGATATATATGATGGTTATGGACCACCACTTTGCAACT
CTTCACCATAATCAAAACATGAGTAAAGAAGAAATGATCAACCTTCATTCTTCTATGTTC
CTGGAGCGCCAGATTCTTCCAGGATTGTCTGTTATGAATTTGCTGTCCTTTTTATTGTGT
GTACCTGTACAGTTTTTCGGAGGCTGGTACTTCTACATTCAGGCTTATAAAGCACTGAAG
CATAAGACAGCAAATATGGACGTACTGATTGTGCTGGCAACCACCATTGCATTTGCCTAC
TCTTTGATTATTCTTCTAGTTGCAATGTATGAGAGAGCCAAAGTGAACCCTATTACTTTC
TTTGACACACCCCCTATGCTGTTTGTGTTTATTGCACTAGGCCGATGGCTGGAACATATA
GCAAAGGGCAAAACATCAGAGGCTCTTGCAAAGTTAATTTCACTACAAGCTACAGAAGCA
ACTATTGTAACTCTTGATTCTGATAATATCCTCCTCAGTGAAGAACAAGTGGATGTGGAA
CTTGTACAACGTGGAGATATCATTAAAGTAGTTCCAGGAGGCAAATTTCCAGTGGATGGT
CGTGTTATTGAAGGACATTCTATGGTAGATGAGTCCCTCATCACAGGGGAGGCAATGCCT
GTGGCTAAGAAACCTGGCAGCACAGTGATTGCTGGTTCCATTAACCAGAACGGGTCACTG
CTTATCTGCGCAACACATGTTGGAGCAGACACAACCCTTTCTCAAATTGTCAAACTTGTG
GAAGAGGCACAAACATCAAAGGCTCCTATCCAGCAGTTTGCAGACAAACTCAGTGGCTAT
TTTGTTCCTTTTATTGTTTTTGTTTCCATTGCCACCCTCTTGGTATGGATTGTAATTGGA
TTTCTGAATTTTGAAATTGTGGAAACCTACTTTCCTGGCTACAATAGAAGTATCTCCCGA
ACAGAAACGATAATACGATTTGCTTTCCAAGCCTCTATCACAGTTCTGTGTATTGCATGT
CCCTGTTCACTGGGACTGGCCACTCCAACTGCTGTGATGGTGGGTACAGGAGTAGGTGCT
CAAAATGGCATACTAATAAAAGGTGGAGAGCCATTGGAGATGGCTCATAAGGTAAAGGTA
GTGGTATTTGATAAGACTGGAACCATTACTCACGGAACCCCAGTGGTGAATCAAGTAAAG
GTTCTAACTGAAAGTAACAGAATATCACACCATAAAATCTTGGCCATTGTGGGAACTGCT
GAAAGTAACAGTGAACACCCTCTAGGAACAGCCATAACCAAATATTGCAAACAGGAGCTG
GACACTGAAACCTTGGGTACCTGCATAGATTTCCAGGTTGTGCCAGGCTGTGGTATTAGC
TGTAAAGTCACCAATATTGAAGGCTTGCTACATAAGAATAACTGGAATATAGAGGACAAT
AATATTAAAAATGCATCCCTGGTTCAAATTGATGCCAGTAATGAACAGTCATCAACTTCG
TCTTCCATGATTATTGATGCCCAGATCTCAAATGCTCTTAATGCTCAGCAGTATAAAGTC
CTCATTGGTAACCGGGAGTGGATGATTAGAAATGGTCTTGTCATTAATAACGATGTAAAT
GATTTCATGACTGAACATGAGAGAAAAGGTCGGACTGCTGTATTAGTAGCAGTTGATGAT
GAGCTGTGTGGCTTGATAGCCATTGCAGACACAGTGAAGCCTGAAGCAGAACTGGCTATC
CATATTCTGAAATCTATGGGCTTAGAAGTAGTTCTGATGACTGGAGACAACAGTAAAACA
GCTAGATCTATTGCTTCTCAGGTTGGCATTACTAAGGTGTTTGCTGAAGTTCTACCTTCT
CACAAGGTTGCTAAAGTGAAGCAACTTCAAGAGGAGGGGAAACGGGTAGCAATGGTGGGA
GATGGAATCAATGACTCCCCAGCTCTGGCAATGGCTAATGTGGGAATTGCTATTGGCACA
GGCACAGATGTAGCCATTGAAGCAGCTGATGTGGTTTTGATAAGGAATGATCTTCTGGAT
GTAGTGGCAAGTATTGACTTATCAAGAAAGACAGTCAAGAGGATTCGGATAAATTTTGTC
TTTGCTCTAATTTATAATCTGGTTGGAATTCCCATAGCTGCTGGAGTTTTTATGCCCATT
GGTTTGGTTTTGCAGCCCTGGATGGGATCTGCAGCAATGGCTGCTTCATCTGTTTCTGTA
GTACTTTCTTCTCTCTTCCTTAAACTTTACAGGAAACCAACTTACGAGAGTTATGAACTG
CCTGCCCGGAGCCAGATAGGACAGAAGAGTCCTTCAGAAATCAGCGTTCATGTTGGAATA
GATGATACCTCAAGGAATTCTCCTAAACTGGGTTTGCTGGACCGGATTGTTAATTATAGC
AGAGCCTCTATAAACTCACTACTGTCTGATAAACGCTCCCTAAACAGTGTTGTTACCAGT
GAACCTGACAAGCACTCACTCCTGGTGGGAGACTTCAGGGAAGATGATGACACTGCATTA
TAA
GenBank Gene IDL06133
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDNot Available
HGNC IDHGNC:869
Chromosome LocationX
LocusNot Available
References
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  2. Tumer Z, Vural B, Tonnesen T, Chelly J, Monaco AP, Horn N: Characterization of the exon structure of the Menkes disease gene using vectorette PCR. Genomics. 1995 Apr 10;26(3):437-42. 7607665
  3. Reddy MC, Harris ED: Multiple transcripts coding for the menkes gene: evidence for alternative splicing of Menkes mRNA. Biochem J. 1998 Aug 15;334 ( Pt 1):71-7. 9693104
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  7. Chelly J, Tumer Z, Tonnesen T, Petterson A, Ishikawa-Brush Y, Tommerup N, Horn N, Monaco AP: Isolation of a candidate gene for Menkes disease that encodes a potential heavy metal binding protein. Nat Genet. 1993 Jan;3(1):14-9. 8490646
  8. Mercer JF, Livingston J, Hall B, Paynter JA, Begy C, Chandrasekharappa S, Lockhart P, Grimes A, Bhave M, Siemieniak D, et al.: Isolation of a partial candidate gene for Menkes disease by positional cloning. Nat Genet. 1993 Jan;3(1):20-5. 8490647
  9. Murphy WJ, Eizirik E, Johnson WE, Zhang YP, Ryder OA, O'Brien SJ: Molecular phylogenetics and the origins of placental mammals. Nature. 2001 Feb 1;409(6820):614-8. 11214319
  10. Qi M, Byers PH: Constitutive skipping of alternatively spliced exon 10 in the ATP7A gene abolishes Golgi localization of the menkes protein and produces the occipital horn syndrome. Hum Mol Genet. 1998 Mar;7(3):465-9. 9467005
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  12. Dierick HA, Adam AN, Escara-Wilke JF, Glover TW: Immunocytochemical localization of the Menkes copper transport protein (ATP7A) to the trans-Golgi network. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Mar;6(3):409-16. 9147644
  13. Petris MJ, Mercer JF: The Menkes protein (ATP7A; MNK) cycles via the plasma membrane both in basal and elevated extracellular copper using a C-terminal di-leucine endocytic signal. Hum Mol Genet. 1999 Oct;8(11):2107-15. 10484781
  14. Stephenson SE, Dubach D, Lim CM, Mercer JF, La Fontaine S: A single PDZ domain protein interacts with the Menkes copper ATPase, ATP7A. A new protein implicated in copper homeostasis. J Biol Chem. 2005 Sep 30;280(39):33270-9. Epub 2005 Jul 28. 16051599
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  20. Das S, Levinson B, Whitney S, Vulpe C, Packman S, Gitschier J: Diverse mutations in patients with Menkes disease often lead to exon skipping. Am J Hum Genet. 1994 Nov;55(5):883-9. 7977350
  21. Tumer Z, Lund C, Tolshave J, Vural B, Tonnesen T, Horn N: Identification of point mutations in 41 unrelated patients affected with Menkes disease. Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Jan;60(1):63-71. 8981948
  22. Ronce N, Moizard MP, Robb L, Toutain A, Villard L, Moraine C: A C2055T transition in exon 8 of the ATP7A gene is associated with exon skipping in an occipital horn syndrome family. Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Jul;61(1):233-8. 9246006
  23. Ambrosini L, Mercer JF: Defective copper-induced trafficking and localization of the Menkes protein in patients with mild and copper-treated classical Menkes disease. Hum Mol Genet. 1999 Aug;8(8):1547-55. 10401004
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  25. Dagenais SL, Adam AN, Innis JW, Glover TW: A novel frameshift mutation in exon 23 of ATP7A (MNK) results in occipital horn syndrome and not in Menkes disease. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Aug;69(2):420-7. Epub 2001 Jun 26. 11431706
  26. Gu YH, Kodama H, Murata Y, Mochizuki D, Yanagawa Y, Ushijima H, Shiba T, Lee CC: ATP7A gene mutations in 16 patients with Menkes disease and a patient with occipital horn syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 2001 Mar 15;99(3):217-22. 11241493
  27. Hahn S, Cho K, Ryu K, Kim J, Pai K, Kim M, Park H, Yoo O: Identification of four novel mutations in classical Menkes disease and successful prenatal DNA diagnosis. Mol Genet Metab. 2001 May;73(1):86-90. 11350187
  28. Moller LB, Bukrinsky JT, Molgaard A, Paulsen M, Lund C, Tumer Z, Larsen S, Horn N: Identification and analysis of 21 novel disease-causing amino acid substitutions in the conserved part of ATP7A. Hum Mutat. 2005 Aug;26(2):84-93. 15981243
  29. Tang J, Robertson S, Lem KE, Godwin SC, Kaler SG: Functional copper transport explains neurologic sparing in occipital horn syndrome. Genet Med. 2006 Nov;8(11):711-8. 17108763
  30. Kennerson ML, Nicholson GA, Kaler SG, Kowalski B, Mercer JF, Tang J, Llanos RM, Chu S, Takata RI, Speck-Martins CE, Baets J, Almeida-Souza L, Fischer D, Timmerman V, Taylor PE, Scherer SS, Ferguson TA, Bird TD, De Jonghe P, Feely SM, Shy ME, Garbern JY: Missense mutations in the copper transporter gene ATP7A cause X-linked distal hereditary motor neuropathy. Am J Hum Genet. 2010 Mar 12;86(3):343-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.01.027. Epub 2010 Feb 18. 20170900
  31. Leon-Garcia G, Santana A, Villegas-Sepulveda N, Perez-Gonzalez C, Henrriquez-Esquiroz JM, de Leon-Garcia C, Wong C, Baeza I: The T1048I mutation in ATP7A gene causes an unusual Menkes disease presentation. BMC Pediatr. 2012 Sep 19;12:150. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-12-150. 22992316