NameActin, alpha skeletal muscle
Synonyms
  • ACTA
  • Alpha-actin-1
Gene NameACTA1
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0016680|Actin, alpha skeletal muscle
MCDEDETTALVCDNGSGLVKAGFAGDDAPRAVFPSIVGRPRHQGVMVGMGQKDSYVGDEA
QSKRGILTLKYPIEHGIITNWDDMEKIWHHTFYNELRVAPEEHPTLLTEAPLNPKANREK
MTQIMFETFNVPAMYVAIQAVLSLYASGRTTGIVLDSGDGVTHNVPIYEGYALPHAIMRL
DLAGRDLTDYLMKILTERGYSFVTTAEREIVRDIKEKLCYVALDFENEMATAASSSSLEK
SYELPDGQVITIGNERFRCPETLFQPSFIGMESAGIHETTYNSIMKCDIDIRKDLYANNV
MSGGTTMYPGIADRMQKEITALAPSTMKIKIIAPPERKYSVWIGGSILASLSTFQQMWIT
KQEYDEAGPSIVHRKCF
Number of residues377
Molecular Weight42050.67
Theoretical pI5.05
GO Classification
Functions
  • myosin binding
  • structural constituent of cytoskeleton
  • ADP binding
  • ATP binding
Processes
  • muscle filament sliding
  • cell growth
  • mesenchyme migration
  • skeletal muscle thin filament assembly
  • skeletal muscle fiber development
  • response to mechanical stimulus
  • response to extracellular stimulus
  • positive regulation of gene expression
  • skeletal muscle fiber adaptation
  • muscle contraction
  • response to lithium ion
  • response to steroid hormone
Components
  • lamellipodium
  • extracellular space
  • sarcomere
  • actin cytoskeleton
  • actin filament
  • cytosol
  • extracellular exosome
  • stress fiber
  • blood microparticle
  • cell body
  • striated muscle thin filament
  • filopodium
General FunctionStructural constituent of cytoskeleton
Specific FunctionActins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane RegionsNot Available
GenBank Protein ID178029
UniProtKB IDP68133
UniProtKB Entry NameACTS_HUMAN
Cellular LocationCytoplasm
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0016681|Actin, alpha skeletal muscle (ACTA1)
ATGTGCGACGAAGACGAGACCACCGCCCTCGTGTGCGACAATGGCTCCGGCCTGGTGAAA
GCCGGCTTCGCCGGGGATGACGCCCCTAGGGCCGTGTTCCCGTCCATCGTGGGCCGCCCC
CGACACCAGGGCGTCATGGTCGGTATGGGTCAGAAAGATTCCTACGTGGGCGACGAGGCT
CAGAGCAAGAGAGGTATCCTGACCCTGAAGTACCCTATCGAGCACGGCATCATCACCAAC
TGGGATGACATGGAGAAGATCTGGCACCACACCTTCTACAACGAGCTTCGCGTGGCTCCC
GAGGAGCACCCCACCCTGCTCACCGAGGCCCCCCTCAATCCCAAGGCCAACCGCGAGAAG
ATGACCCAGATCATGTTTGAGACCTTCAACGTGCCCGCCATGTACGTGGCCATCCAGGCC
GTGCTGTCCCTCTACGCCTCCGGCAGGACCACCGGCATCGTGCTGGACTCCGGCGACGGC
GTCACCCACAACGTGCCCATTTATGAGGGCTACGCGCTGCCGCACGCCATCATGCGCCTG
GACCTGGCGGGCCGCGATCTCACCGACTACCTGATGAAGATCCTCACTGAGCGTGGCTAC
TCCTTCGTGACCACAGCTGAGCGCGAGATCGTGCGCGACATCAAGGAGAAGCTGTGCTAC
GTGGCCCTGGACTTCGAGAACGAGATGGCGACGGCCGCCTCCTCCTCCTCCCTGGAAAAG
AGCTACGAGCTGCCAGACGGGCAGGTCATCACCATCGGCAACGAGCGCTTCCGCTGCCCG
GAGACGCTCTTCCAGCCCTCCTTCATCGGTATGGAGTCGGCGGGCATTCACGAGACCACC
TACAACAGCATCATGAAGTGTGACATCGACATCAGGAAGGACCTGTATGCCAACAACGTC
ATGTCGGGGGGCACCACGATGTACCCTGGGATCGCTGACCGCATGCAGAAAGAGATCACC
GCGCTGGCACCCAGCACCATGAAGATCAAGATCATCGCCCCGCCGGAGCGCAAATACTCG
GTGTGGATCGGCGGCTCCATCCTGGCCTCGCTGTCCACCTTCCAGCAGATGTGGATCACC
AAGCAGGAGTACGACGAGGCCGGCCCTTCCATCGTCCACCGCAAATGCTTCTAG
GenBank Gene IDJ00068
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDACTA1
HGNC IDHGNC:129
Chromosome Location1
Locus1q42.13-q42.2
References
  1. Hanauer A, Levin M, Heilig R, Daegelen D, Kahn A, Mandel JL: Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones for human skeletal muscle alpha actin. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Jun 11;11(11):3503-16. 6190133
  2. Taylor A, Erba HP, Muscat GE, Kedes L: Nucleotide sequence and expression of the human skeletal alpha-actin gene: evolution of functional regulatory domains. Genomics. 1988 Nov;3(4):323-36. 2907503
  3. Nowak KJ, Wattanasirichaigoon D, Goebel HH, Wilce M, Pelin K, Donner K, Jacob RL, Hubner C, Oexle K, Anderson JR, Verity CM, North KN, Iannaccone ST, Muller CR, Nurnberg P, Muntoni F, Sewry C, Hughes I, Sutphen R, Lacson AG, Swoboda KJ, Vigneron J, Wallgren-Pettersson C, Beggs AH, Laing NG: Mutations in the skeletal muscle alpha-actin gene in patients with actin myopathy and nemaline myopathy. Nat Genet. 1999 Oct;23(2):208-12. 10508519
  4. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. 16710414
  5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. 15489334
  6. Hauser MA, Horrigan SK, Salmikangas P, Torian UM, Viles KD, Dancel R, Tim RW, Taivainen A, Bartoloni L, Gilchrist JM, Stajich JM, Gaskell PC, Gilbert JR, Vance JM, Pericak-Vance MA, Carpen O, Westbrook CA, Speer MC: Myotilin is mutated in limb girdle muscular dystrophy 1A. Hum Mol Genet. 2000 Sep 1;9(14):2141-7. 10958653
  7. Bosch-Comas A, Lindsten K, Gonzalez-Duarte R, Masucci MG, Marfany G: The ubiquitin-specific protease USP25 interacts with three sarcomeric proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2006 Mar;63(6):723-34. 16501887
  8. Kudryashov DS, Durer ZA, Ytterberg AJ, Sawaya MR, Pashkov I, Prochazkova K, Yeates TO, Loo RR, Loo JA, Satchell KJ, Reisler E: Connecting actin monomers by iso-peptide bond is a toxicity mechanism of the Vibrio cholerae MARTX toxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Nov 25;105(47):18537-42. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0808082105. Epub 2008 Nov 17. 19015515
  9. Peng C, Lu Z, Xie Z, Cheng Z, Chen Y, Tan M, Luo H, Zhang Y, He W, Yang K, Zwaans BM, Tishkoff D, Ho L, Lombard D, He TC, Dai J, Verdin E, Ye Y, Zhao Y: The first identification of lysine malonylation substrates and its regulatory enzyme. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2011 Dec;10(12):M111.012658. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M111.012658. Epub 2011 Sep 9. 21908771
  10. Li MM, Nilsen A, Shi Y, Fusser M, Ding YH, Fu Y, Liu B, Niu Y, Wu YS, Huang CM, Olofsson M, Jin KX, Lv Y, Xu XZ, He C, Dong MQ, Rendtlew Danielsen JM, Klungland A, Yang YG: ALKBH4-dependent demethylation of actin regulates actomyosin dynamics. Nat Commun. 2013;4:1832. doi: 10.1038/ncomms2863. 23673617
  11. Heisler DB, Kudryashova E, Grinevich DO, Suarez C, Winkelman JD, Birukov KG, Kotha SR, Parinandi NL, Vavylonis D, Kovar DR, Kudryashov DS: ACTIN-DIRECTED TOXIN. ACD toxin-produced actin oligomers poison formin-controlled actin polymerization. Science. 2015 Jul 31;349(6247):535-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aab4090. 26228148
  12. Ilkovski B, Cooper ST, Nowak K, Ryan MM, Yang N, Schnell C, Durling HJ, Roddick LG, Wilkinson I, Kornberg AJ, Collins KJ, Wallace G, Gunning P, Hardeman EC, Laing NG, North KN: Nemaline myopathy caused by mutations in the muscle alpha-skeletal-actin gene. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Jun;68(6):1333-43. Epub 2001 Apr 27. 11333380
  13. Sparrow JC, Nowak KJ, Durling HJ, Beggs AH, Wallgren-Pettersson C, Romero N, Nonaka I, Laing NG: Muscle disease caused by mutations in the skeletal muscle alpha-actin gene (ACTA1). Neuromuscul Disord. 2003 Sep;13(7-8):519-31. 12921789
  14. Jungbluth H, Sewry CA, Brown SC, Nowak KJ, Laing NG, Wallgren-Pettersson C, Pelin K, Manzur AY, Mercuri E, Dubowitz V, Muntoni F: Mild phenotype of nemaline myopathy with sleep hypoventilation due to a mutation in the skeletal muscle alpha-actin (ACTA1) gene. Neuromuscul Disord. 2001 Jan;11(1):35-40. 11166164
  15. Agrawal PB, Strickland CD, Midgett C, Morales A, Newburger DE, Poulos MA, Tomczak KK, Ryan MM, Iannaccone ST, Crawford TO, Laing NG, Beggs AH: Heterogeneity of nemaline myopathy cases with skeletal muscle alpha-actin gene mutations. Ann Neurol. 2004 Jul;56(1):86-96. 15236405
  16. Laing NG, Clarke NF, Dye DE, Liyanage K, Walker KR, Kobayashi Y, Shimakawa S, Hagiwara T, Ouvrier R, Sparrow JC, Nishino I, North KN, Nonaka I: Actin mutations are one cause of congenital fibre type disproportion. Ann Neurol. 2004 Nov;56(5):689-94. 15468086
  17. Ilkovski B, Nowak KJ, Domazetovska A, Maxwell AL, Clement S, Davies KE, Laing NG, North KN, Cooper ST: Evidence for a dominant-negative effect in ACTA1 nemaline myopathy caused by abnormal folding, aggregation and altered polymerization of mutant actin isoforms. Hum Mol Genet. 2004 Aug 15;13(16):1727-43. Epub 2004 Jun 15. 15198992
  18. Kaindl AM, Ruschendorf F, Krause S, Goebel HH, Koehler K, Becker C, Pongratz D, Muller-Hocker J, Nurnberg P, Stoltenburg-Didinger G, Lochmuller H, Huebner A: Missense mutations of ACTA1 cause dominant congenital myopathy with cores. J Med Genet. 2004 Nov;41(11):842-8. 15520409
  19. Ohlsson M, Tajsharghi H, Darin N, Kyllerman M, Oldfors A: Follow-up of nemaline myopathy in two patients with novel mutations in the skeletal muscle alpha-actin gene (ACTA1). Neuromuscul Disord. 2004 Sep;14(8-9):471-5. 15336687
  20. Hutchinson DO, Charlton A, Laing NG, Ilkovski B, North KN: Autosomal dominant nemaline myopathy with intranuclear rods due to mutation of the skeletal muscle ACTA1 gene: clinical and pathological variability within a kindred. Neuromuscul Disord. 2006 Feb;16(2):113-21. Epub 2006 Jan 19. 16427282
  21. D'Amico A, Graziano C, Pacileo G, Petrini S, Nowak KJ, Boldrini R, Jacques A, Feng JJ, Porfirio B, Sewry CA, Santorelli FM, Limongelli G, Bertini E, Laing N, Marston SB: Fatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and nemaline myopathy associated with ACTA1 K336E mutation. Neuromuscul Disord. 2006 Oct;16(9-10):548-52. Epub 2006 Sep 1. 16945537
  22. Clarke NF, Ilkovski B, Cooper S, Valova VA, Robinson PJ, Nonaka I, Feng JJ, Marston S, North K: The pathogenesis of ACTA1-related congenital fiber type disproportion. Ann Neurol. 2007 Jun;61(6):552-61. 17387733
  23. Domazetovska A, Ilkovski B, Kumar V, Valova VA, Vandebrouck A, Hutchinson DO, Robinson PJ, Cooper ST, Sparrow JC, Peckham M, North KN: Intranuclear rod myopathy: molecular pathogenesis and mechanisms of weakness. Ann Neurol. 2007 Dec;62(6):597-608. 17705262