Interleukin-2

NameInterleukin-2
Synonyms
  • IL-2
  • T-cell growth factor
  • TCGF
Gene NameIL2
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0002049|Interleukin-2
MYRMQLLSCIALSLALVTNSAPTSSSTKKTQLQLEHLLLDLQMILNGINNYKNPKLTRML
TFKFYMPKKATELKHLQCLEEELKPLEEVLNLAQSKNFHLRPRDLISNINVIVLELKGSE
TTFMCEYADETATIVEFLNRWITFCQSIISTLT
Number of residues153
Molecular Weight17627.52
Theoretical pI7.95
GO Classification
Functions
  • growth factor activity
  • cytokine activity
  • carbohydrate binding
  • interleukin-2 receptor binding
  • glycosphingolipid binding
  • kinase activator activity
Processes
  • positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
  • positive regulation of tissue remodeling
  • positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
  • Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway
  • negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
  • cell adhesion
  • positive regulation of interferon-gamma production
  • activation of MAPKK activity
  • positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
  • positive regulation of immunoglobulin secretion
  • fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
  • regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
  • adaptive immune response
  • insulin receptor signaling pathway
  • natural killer cell activation
  • MAPK cascade
  • immune response
  • positive regulation of B cell proliferation
  • negative regulation of apoptotic process
  • positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
  • neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway
  • negative regulation of protein phosphorylation
  • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
  • extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand
  • Ras protein signal transduction
  • small GTPase mediated signal transduction
  • negative regulation of B cell apoptotic process
  • vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
  • cell-cell signaling
  • negative regulation of heart contraction
  • positive regulation of cell growth
  • T cell differentiation
  • positive regulation of cell proliferation
  • positive regulation of dendritic spine development
  • protein kinase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
  • axon guidance
  • positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation
  • positive regulation of inflammatory response
  • epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
  • innate immune response
  • positive regulation of interleukin-17 production
  • negative regulation of inflammatory response
Components
  • intracellular
  • extracellular region
  • extracellular space
  • cytosol
General FunctionKinase activator activity
Specific FunctionProduced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation, this protein is required for T-cell proliferation and other activities crucial to regulation of the immune response. Can stimulate B-cells, monocytes, lymphokine-activated killer cells, natural killer cells, and glioma cells.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane RegionsNot Available
GenBank Protein ID5729676
UniProtKB IDP60568
UniProtKB Entry NameIL2_HUMAN
Cellular LocationSecreted
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0016290|Interleukin-2 (IL2)
ATGTACAGGATGCAACTCCTGTCTTGCATTGCACTAAGTCTTGCACTTGTCACAAACAGT
GCACCTACTTCAAGTTCTACAAAGAAAACACAGCTACAACTGGAGCATTTACTGCTGGAT
TTACAGATGATTTTGAATGGAATTAATAATTACAAGAATCCCAAACTCACCAGGATGCTC
ACATTTAAGTTTTACATGCCCAAGAAGGCCACAGAACTGAAACATCTTCAGTGTCTAGAA
GAAGAACTCAAACCTCTGGAGGAAGTGCTAAATTTAGCTCAAAGCAAAAACTTTCACTTA
AGACCCAGGGACTTAATCAGCAATATCAACGTAATAGTTCTGGAACTAAAGGGATCTGAA
ACAACATTCATGTGTGAATATGCTGATGAGACAGCAACCATTGTAGAATTTCTGAACAGA
TGGATTACCTTTTGTCAAAGCATCATCTCAACACTGACTTGA
GenBank Gene IDJ00264
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDIL2
HGNC IDHGNC:6001
Chromosome Location4
Locus4q26-q27
References
  1. Maeda S, Nishino N, Obaru K, Mita S, Nomiyama H, Shimada K, Fujimoto K, Teranishi T, Hirano T, Onoue K: Cloning of interleukin 2 mRNAs from human tonsils. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1983 Sep 30;115(3):1040-7. 6312994
  2. Taniguchi T, Matsui H, Fujita T, Takaoka C, Kashima N, Yoshimoto R, Hamuro J: Structure and expression of a cloned cDNA for human interleukin-2. Nature. 1983 Mar 24-30;302(5906):305-10. 6403867
  3. Devos R, Plaetinck G, Cheroutre H, Simons G, Degrave W, Tavernier J, Remaut E, Fiers W: Molecular cloning of human interleukin 2 cDNA and its expression in E. coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Jul 11;11(13):4307-23. 6306584
  4. Fujita T, Takaoka C, Matsui H, Taniguchi T: Structure of the human interleukin 2 gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Dec;80(24):7437-41. 6324170
  5. Holbrook NJ, Lieber M, Crabtree GR: DNA sequence of the 5' flanking region of the human interleukin 2 gene: homologies with adult T-cell leukemia virus. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jun 25;12(12):5005-13. 6330695
  6. Holbrook NJ, Smith KA, Fornace AJ Jr, Comeau CM, Wiskocil RL, Crabtree GR: T-cell growth factor: complete nucleotide sequence and organization of the gene in normal and malignant cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Mar;81(6):1634-8. 6608729
  7. Eizenberg O, Faber-Elman A, Lotan M, Schwartz M: Interleukin-2 transcripts in human and rodent brains: possible expression by astrocytes. J Neurochem. 1995 May;64(5):1928-36. 7722480
  8. Chernicky CL, Tan H, Burfeind P, Ilan J, Ilan J: Sequence of interleukin-2 isolated from human placental poly A+ RNA: possible role in maintenance of fetal allograft. Mol Reprod Dev. 1996 Feb;43(2):180-6. 8824916
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  10. Siebenlist U, Durand DB, Bressler P, Holbrook NJ, Norris CA, Kamoun M, Kant JA, Crabtree GR: Promoter region of interleukin-2 gene undergoes chromatin structure changes and confers inducibility on chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene during activation of T cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Sep;6(9):3042-9. 3491296
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  12. Robb RJ, Kutny RM, Panico M, Morris HR, Chowdhry V: Amino acid sequence and post-translational modification of human interleukin 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Oct;81(20):6486-90. 6333684
  13. Conradt HS, Nimtz M, Dittmar KE, Lindenmaier W, Hoppe J, Hauser H: Expression of human interleukin-2 in recombinant baby hamster kidney, Ltk-, and Chinese hamster ovary cells. Structure of O-linked carbohydrate chains and their location within the polypeptide. J Biol Chem. 1989 Oct 15;264(29):17368-73. 2793860
  14. Laabi Y, Gras MP, Carbonnel F, Brouet JC, Berger R, Larsen CJ, Tsapis A: A new gene, BCM, on chromosome 16 is fused to the interleukin 2 gene by a t(4;16)(q26;p13) translocation in a malignant T cell lymphoma. EMBO J. 1992 Nov;11(11):3897-904. 1396583
  15. Brandhuber BJ, Boone T, Kenney WC, McKay DB: Three-dimensional structure of interleukin-2. Science. 1987 Dec 18;238(4834):1707-9. 3500515
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  17. Mott HR, Driscoll PC, Boyd J, Cooke RM, Weir MP, Campbell ID: Secondary structure of human interleukin 2 from 3D heteronuclear NMR experiments. Biochemistry. 1992 Aug 25;31(33):7741-4. 1510960
  18. Bamborough P, Hedgecock CJ, Richards WG: The interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 receptors studied by molecular modelling. Structure. 1994 Sep 15;2(9):839-51. 7529123
  19. Wang X, Rickert M, Garcia KC: Structure of the quaternary complex of interleukin-2 with its alpha, beta, and gammac receptors. Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1159-63. 16293754
  20. Stauber DJ, Debler EW, Horton PA, Smith KA, Wilson IA: Crystal structure of the IL-2 signaling complex: paradigm for a heterotrimeric cytokine receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Feb 21;103(8):2788-93. Epub 2006 Feb 13. 16477002