ATP-citrate synthase

NameATP-citrate synthase
Synonyms
  • 2.3.3.8
  • ACL
  • ATP-citrate (pro-S-)-lyase
  • Citrate cleavage enzyme
Gene NameACLY
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0008744|ATP-citrate synthase
MSAKAISEQTGKELLYKFICTTSAIQNRFKYARVTPDTDWARLLQDHPWLLSQNLVVKPD
QLIKRRGKLGLVGVNLTLDGVKSWLKPRLGQEATVGKATGFLKNFLIEPFVPHSQAEEFY
VCIYATREGDYVLFHHEGGVDVGDVDAKAQKLLVGVDEKLNPEDIKKHLLVHAPEDKKEI
LASFISGLFNFYEDLYFTYLEINPLVVTKDGVYVLDLAAKVDATADYICKVKWGDIEFPP
PFGREAYPEEAYIADLDAKSGASLKLTLLNPKGRIWTMVAGGGASVVYSDTICDLGGVNE
LANYGEYSGAPSEQQTYDYAKTILSLMTREKHPDGKILIIGGSIANFTNVAATFKGIVRA
IRDYQGPLKEHEVTIFVRRGGPNYQEGLRVMGEVGKTTGIPIHVFGTETHMTAIVGMALG
HRPIPNQPPTAAHTANFLLNASGSTSTPAPSRTASFSESRADEVAPAKKAKPAMPQDSVP
SPRSLQGKSTTLFSRHTKAIVWGMQTRAVQGMLDFDYVCSRDEPSVAAMVYPFTGDHKQK
FYWGHKEILIPVFKNMADAMRKHPEVDVLINFASLRSAYDSTMETMNYAQIRTIAIIAEG
IPEALTRKLIKKADQKGVTIIGPATVGGIKPGCFKIGNTGGMLDNILASKLYRPGSVAYV
SRSGGMSNELNNIISRTTDGVYEGVAIGGDRYPGSTFMDHVLRYQDTPGVKMIVVLGEIG
GTEEYKICRGIKEGRLTKPIVCWCIGTCATMFSSEVQFGHAGACANQASETAVAKNQALK
EAGVFVPRSFDELGEIIQSVYEDLVANGVIVPAQEVPPPTVPMDYSWARELGLIRKPASF
MTSICDERGQELIYAGMPITEVFKEEMGIGGVLGLLWFQKRLPKYSCQFIEMCLMVTADH
GPAVSGAHNTIICARAGKDLVSSLTSGLLTIGDRFGGALDAAAKMFSKAFDSGIIPMEFV
NKMKKEGKLIMGIGHRVKSINNPDMRVQILKDYVRQHFPATPLLDYALEVEKITTSKKPN
LILNVDGLIGVAFVDMLRNCGSFTREEADEYIDIGALNGIFVLGRSMGFIGHYLDQKRLK
QGLYRHPWDDISYVLPEHMSM
Number of residues1101
Molecular Weight120838.27
Theoretical pINot Available
GO Classification
Functions
  • ATP binding
  • ATP citrate synthase activity
  • metal ion binding
  • cofactor binding
Processes
  • citrate metabolic process
  • triglyceride biosynthetic process
  • long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process
  • acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process
  • small molecule metabolic process
  • energy reserve metabolic process
  • coenzyme A metabolic process
  • cellular lipid metabolic process
  • fatty acid biosynthetic process
  • lipid biosynthetic process
  • positive regulation of cellular metabolic process
Components
  • mitochondrion
  • membrane
  • plasma membrane
  • citrate lyase complex
  • cytosol
  • extracellular exosome
  • nucleoplasm
  • cytoplasm
General FunctionMetal ion binding
Specific FunctionATP-citrate synthase is the primary enzyme responsible for the synthesis of cytosolic acetyl-CoA in many tissues. Has a central role in de novo lipid synthesis. In nervous tissue it may be involved in the biosynthesis of acetylcholine.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane RegionsNot Available
GenBank Protein IDNot Available
UniProtKB IDP53396
UniProtKB Entry NameACLY_HUMAN
Cellular LocationCytoplasm
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0013389|ATP-citrate synthase (ACLY)
ATGTCGGCCAAGGCAATTTCAGAGCAGACGGGCAAAGAACTCCTTTACAAGTTCATCTGT
ACCACCTCAGCCATCCAGAATCGGTTCAAGTATGCTCGGGTCACTCCTGACACAGACTGG
GCCCGCTTGCTGCAGGACCACCCCTGGCTGCTCAGCCAGAACTTGGTAGTCAAGCCAGAC
CAGCTGATCAAACGTCGTGGAAAACTTGGTCTCGTTGGGGTCAACCTCACTCTGGATGGG
GTCAAGTCCTGGCTGAAGCCACGGCTGGGACAGGAAGCCACAGTTGGCAAGGCCACAGGC
TTCCTCAAGAACTTTCTGATCGAGCCCTTCGTCCCCCACAGTCAGGCTGAGGAGTTCTAT
GTCTGCATCTATGCCACCCGAGAAGGGGACTACGTCCTGTTCCACCACGAGGGGGGTGTG
GACGTGGGTGATGTGGACGCCAAGGCCCAGAAGCTGCTTGTTGGCGTGGATGAGAAACTG
AATCCTGAGGACATCAAAAAACACCTGTTGGTCCACGCCCCTGAAGACAAGAAAGAAATT
CTGGCCAGTTTTATCTCCGGCCTCTTCAATTTCTACGAGGACTTGTACTTCACCTACCTC
GAGATCAATCCCCTTGTAGTGACCAAAGATGGAGTCTATGTCCTTGACTTGGCGGCCAAG
GTGGACGCCACTGCCGACTACATCTGCAAAGTGAAGTGGGGTGACATCGAGTTCCCTCCC
CCCTTCGGGCGGGAGGCATATCCAGAGGAAGCCTACATTGCAGACCTCGATGCCAAAAGT
GGGGCAAGCCTGAAGCTGACCTTGCTGAACCCCAAAGGGAGGATCTGGACCATGGTGGCC
GGGGGTGGCGCCTCTGTCGTGTACAGCGATACCATCTGTGATCTAGGGGGTGTCAACGAG
CTGGCAAACTATGGGGAGTACTCAGGCGCCCCCAGCGAGCAGCAGACCTATGACTATGCC
AAGACTATCCTCTCCCTCATGACCCGAGAGAAGCACCCAGATGGCAAGATCCTCATCATT
GGAGGCAGCATCGCAAACTTCACCAACGTGGCTGCCACGTTCAAGGGCATCGTGAGAGCA
ATTCGAGATTACCAGGGCCCCCTGAAGGAGCACGAAGTCACAATCTTTGTCCGAAGAGGT
GGCCCCAACTATCAGGAGGGCTTACGGGTGATGGGAGAAGTCGGGAAGACCACTGGGATC
CCCATCCATGTCTTTGGCACAGAGACTCACATGACGGCCATTGTGGGCATGGCCCTGGGC
CACCGGCCCATCCCCAACCAGCCACCCACAGCGGCCCACACTGCAAACTTCCTCCTCAAC
GCCAGCGGGAGCACATCGACGCCAGCCCCCAGCAGGACAGCATCTTTTTCTGAGTCCAGG
GCCGATGAGGTGGCGCCTGCAAAGAAGGCCAAGCCTGCCATGCCACAAGATTCAGTCCCA
AGTCCAAGATCCCTGCAAGGAAAGAGCACCACCCTCTTCAGCCGCCACACCAAGGCCATT
GTGTGGGGCATGCAGACCCGGGCCGTGCAAGGCATGCTGGACTTTGACTATGTCTGCTCC
CGAGACGAGCCCTCAGTGGCTGCCATGGTCTACCCTTTCACTGGGGACCACAAGCAGAAG
TTTTACTGGGGGCACAAAGAGATCCTGATCCCTGTCTTCAAGAACATGGCTGATGCCATG
AGGAAGCATCCGGAGGTAGATGTGCTCATCAACTTTGCCTCTCTCCGCTCTGCCTATGAC
AGCACCATGGAGACCATGAACTATGCCCAGATCCGGACCATCGCCATCATAGCTGAAGGC
ATCCCTGAGGCCCTCACGAGAAAGCTGATCAAGAAGGCGGACCAGAAGGGAGTGACCATC
ATCGGACCTGCCACTGTTGGAGGCATCAAGCCTGGGTGCTTTAAGATTGGCAACACAGGT
GGGATGCTGGACAACATCCTGGCCTCCAAACTGTACCGCCCAGGCAGCGTGGCCTATGTC
TCACGTTCCGGAGGCATGTCCAACGAGCTCAACAATATCATCTCTCGGACCACGGATGGC
GTCTATGAGGGCGTGGCCATTGGTGGGGACAGGTACCCGGGCTCCACATTCATGGATCAT
GTGTTACGCTATCAGGACACTCCAGGAGTCAAAATGATTGTGGTTCTTGGAGAGATTGGG
GGCACTGAGGAATATAAGATTTGCCGGGGCATCAAGGAGGGCCGCCTCACTAAGCCCATC
GTCTGCTGGTGCATCGGGACGTGTGCCACCATGTTCTCCTCTGAGGTCCAGTTTGGCCAT
GCTGGAGCTTGTGCCAACCAGGCTTCTGAAACTGCAGTAGCCAAGAACCAGGCTTTGAAG
GAAGCAGGAGTGTTTGTGCCCCGGAGCTTTGATGAGCTTGGAGAGATCATCCAGTCTGTA
TACGAAGATCTCGTGGCCAATGGAGTCATTGTACCTGCCCAGGAGGTGCCGCCCCCAACC
GTGCCCATGGACTACTCCTGGGCCAGGGAGCTTGGTTTGATCCGCAAACCTGCCTCGTTC
ATGACCAGCATCTGCGATGAGCGAGGACAGGAGCTCATCTACGCGGGCATGCCCATCACT
GAGGTCTTCAAGGAAGAGATGGGCATTGGCGGGGTCCTCGGCCTCCTCTGGTTCCAGAAA
AGGTTGCCTAAGTACTCTTGCCAGTTCATTGAGATGTGTCTGATGGTGACAGCTGATCAC
GGGCCAGCCGTCTCTGGAGCCCACAACACCATCATTTGTGCGCGAGCTGGGAAAGACCTG
GTCTCCAGCCTCACCTCGGGGCTGCTCACCATCGGGGATCGGTTTGGGGGTGCCTTGGAT
GCAGCAGCCAAGATGTTCAGTAAAGCCTTTGACAGTGGCATTATCCCCATGGAGTTTGTG
AACAAGATGAAGAAGGAAGGGAAGCTGATCATGGGCATTGGTCACCGAGTGAAGTCGATA
AACAACCCAGACATGCGAGTGCAGATCCTCAAAGATTACGTCAGGCAGCACTTCCCTGCC
ACTCCTCTGCTCGATTATGCACTGGAAGTAGAGAAGATTACCACCTCGAAGAAGCCAAAT
CTTATCCTGAATGTAGATGGTCTCATCGGAGTCGCATTTGTAGACATGCTTAGAAACTGT
GGGTCCTTTACTCGGGAGGAAGCTGATGAATATATTGACATTGGAGCCCTCAATGGCATC
TTTGTGCTGGGAAGGAGTATGGGGTTCATTGGACACTATCTTGATCAGAAGAGGCTGAAG
CAGGGGCTGTATCGTCATCCGTGGGATGATATTTCATATGTTCTTCCGGAACACATGAGC
ATGTAA
GenBank Gene IDNot Available
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDNot Available
HGNC IDHGNC:115
Chromosome Location17
LocusNot Available
References
  1. Elshourbagy NA, Near JC, Kmetz PJ, Wells TN, Groot PH, Saxty BA, Hughes SA, Franklin M, Gloger IS: Cloning and expression of a human ATP-citrate lyase cDNA. Eur J Biochem. 1992 Mar 1;204(2):491-9. 1371749
  2. Lord KA, Wang XM, Simmons SJ, Bruckner RC, Loscig J, O'Connor B, Bentley R, Smallwood A, Chadwick CC, Stevis PE, Ciccarelli RB: Variant cDNA sequences of human ATP:citrate lyase: cloning, expression, and purification from baculovirus-infected insect cells. Protein Expr Purif. 1997 Feb;9(1):133-41. 9116495
  3. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. 14702039
  4. Zody MC, Garber M, Adams DJ, Sharpe T, Harrow J, Lupski JR, Nicholson C, Searle SM, Wilming L, Young SK, Abouelleil A, Allen NR, Bi W, Bloom T, Borowsky ML, Bugalter BE, Butler J, Chang JL, Chen CK, Cook A, Corum B, Cuomo CA, de Jong PJ, DeCaprio D, Dewar K, FitzGerald M, Gilbert J, Gibson R, Gnerre S, Goldstein S, Grafham DV, Grocock R, Hafez N, Hagopian DS, Hart E, Norman CH, Humphray S, Jaffe DB, Jones M, Kamal M, Khodiyar VK, LaButti K, Laird G, Lehoczky J, Liu X, Lokyitsang T, Loveland J, Lui A, Macdonald P, Major JE, Matthews L, Mauceli E, McCarroll SA, Mihalev AH, Mudge J, Nguyen C, Nicol R, O'Leary SB, Osoegawa K, Schwartz DC, Shaw-Smith C, Stankiewicz P, Steward C, Swarbreck D, Venkataraman V, Whittaker CA, Yang X, Zimmer AR, Bradley A, Hubbard T, Birren BW, Rogers J, Lander ES, Nusbaum C: DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage. Nature. 2006 Apr 20;440(7087):1045-9. 16625196
  5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. 15489334
  6. Potapova IA, El-Maghrabi MR, Doronin SV, Benjamin WB: Phosphorylation of recombinant human ATP:citrate lyase by cAMP-dependent protein kinase abolishes homotropic allosteric regulation of the enzyme by citrate and increases the enzyme activity. Allosteric activation of ATP:citrate lyase by phosphorylated sugars. Biochemistry. 2000 Feb 8;39(5):1169-79. 10653665
  7. Giannakopoulos NV, Luo JK, Papov V, Zou W, Lenschow DJ, Jacobs BS, Borden EC, Li J, Virgin HW, Zhang DE: Proteomic identification of proteins conjugated to ISG15 in mouse and human cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Oct 21;336(2):496-506. 16139798
  8. Rush J, Moritz A, Lee KA, Guo A, Goss VL, Spek EJ, Zhang H, Zha XM, Polakiewicz RD, Comb MJ: Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2005 Jan;23(1):94-101. Epub 2004 Dec 12. 15592455
  9. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. 17081983
  10. Yu LR, Zhu Z, Chan KC, Issaq HJ, Dimitrov DS, Veenstra TD: Improved titanium dioxide enrichment of phosphopeptides from HeLa cells and high confident phosphopeptide identification by cross-validation of MS/MS and MS/MS/MS spectra. J Proteome Res. 2007 Nov;6(11):4150-62. Epub 2007 Oct 9. 17924679
  11. Zahedi RP, Lewandrowski U, Wiesner J, Wortelkamp S, Moebius J, Schutz C, Walter U, Gambaryan S, Sickmann A: Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets. J Proteome Res. 2008 Feb;7(2):526-34. Epub 2007 Dec 19. 18088087
  12. Daub H, Olsen JV, Bairlein M, Gnad F, Oppermann FS, Korner R, Greff Z, Keri G, Stemmann O, Mann M: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle. Mol Cell. 2008 Aug 8;31(3):438-48. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.07.007. 18691976
  13. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105. Epub 2008 Jul 31. 18669648
  14. Oppermann FS, Gnad F, Olsen JV, Hornberger R, Greff Z, Keri G, Mann M, Daub H: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2009 Jul;8(7):1751-64. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M800588-MCP200. Epub 2009 Apr 15. 19369195
  15. Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007. 19690332
  16. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1175371. Epub 2009 Jul 16. 19608861
  17. Olsen JV, Vermeulen M, Santamaria A, Kumar C, Miller ML, Jensen LJ, Gnad F, Cox J, Jensen TS, Nigg EA, Brunak S, Mann M: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis. Sci Signal. 2010 Jan 12;3(104):ra3. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475. 20068231
  18. Burkard TR, Planyavsky M, Kaupe I, Breitwieser FP, Burckstummer T, Bennett KL, Superti-Furga G, Colinge J: Initial characterization of the human central proteome. BMC Syst Biol. 2011 Jan 26;5:17. doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17. 21269460
  19. Rigbolt KT, Prokhorova TA, Akimov V, Henningsen J, Johansen PT, Kratchmarova I, Kassem M, Mann M, Olsen JV, Blagoev B: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation. Sci Signal. 2011 Mar 15;4(164):rs3. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570. 21406692
  20. Lin R, Tao R, Gao X, Li T, Zhou X, Guan KL, Xiong Y, Lei QY: Acetylation stabilizes ATP-citrate lyase to promote lipid biosynthesis and tumor growth. Mol Cell. 2013 Aug 22;51(4):506-18. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.07.002. Epub 2013 Aug 8. 23932781
  21. Bian Y, Song C, Cheng K, Dong M, Wang F, Huang J, Sun D, Wang L, Ye M, Zou H: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. J Proteomics. 2014 Jan 16;96:253-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014. Epub 2013 Nov 22. 24275569
  22. Sun T, Hayakawa K, Bateman KS, Fraser ME: Identification of the citrate-binding site of human ATP-citrate lyase using X-ray crystallography. J Biol Chem. 2010 Aug 27;285(35):27418-28. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.078667. Epub 2010 Jun 17. 20558738
  23. Sun T, Hayakawa K, Fraser ME: ADP-Mg2+ bound to the ATP-grasp domain of ATP-citrate lyase. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2011 Oct 1;67(Pt 10):1168-72. doi: 10.1107/S1744309111028363. Epub 2011 Sep 24. 22102020