NameTranscription factor AP-1
Synonyms
  • Activator protein 1
  • AP1
  • p39
  • Proto-oncogene c-Jun
  • V-jun avian sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog
Gene NameJUN
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0016292|Transcription factor AP-1
MTAKMETTFYDDALNASFLPSESGPYGYSNPKILKQSMTLNLADPVGSLKPHLRAKNSDL
LTSPDVGLLKLASPELERLIIQSSNGHITTTPTPTQFLCPKNVTDEQEGFAEGFVRALAE
LHSQNTLPSVTSAAQPVNGAGMVAPAVASVAGGSGSGGFSASLHSEPPVYANLSNFNPGA
LSSGGGAPSYGAAGLAFPAQPQQQQQPPHHLPQQMPVQHPRLQALKEEPQTVPEMPGETP
PLSPIDMESQERIKAERKRMRNRIAASKCRKRKLERIARLEEKVKTLKAQNSELASTANM
LREQVAQLKQKVMNHVNSGCQLMLTQQLQTF
Number of residues331
Molecular Weight35675.32
Theoretical pI9.11
GO Classification
Functions
  • RNA polymerase II activating transcription factor binding
  • transcription regulatory region DNA binding
  • cAMP response element binding
  • chromatin binding
  • transcription factor binding
  • transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
  • enzyme binding
  • poly(A) RNA binding
  • GTPase activator activity
  • transcription coactivator activity
  • RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding
  • transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding
  • transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding
  • RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
  • transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
  • RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
  • DNA binding
  • R-SMAD binding
Processes
  • regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
  • negative regulation of DNA binding
  • response to drug
  • aging
  • negative regulation of cell proliferation
  • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
  • stress-activated MAPK cascade
  • regulation of cell cycle
  • positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
  • response to muscle stretch
  • toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway
  • response to cytokine
  • positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, initiation
  • circadian rhythm
  • toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway
  • leading edge cell differentiation
  • negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
  • release of cytochrome c from mitochondria
  • cellular response to hormone stimulus
  • toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway
  • microglial cell activation
  • response to radiation
  • positive regulation of cell differentiation
  • response to lipopolysaccharide
  • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
  • positive regulation of monocyte differentiation
  • positive regulation of GTPase activity
  • toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
  • positive regulation by host of viral transcription
  • negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
  • positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation
  • angiogenesis
  • toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway
  • positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
  • cellular response to potassium ion starvation
  • positive regulation of DNA replication
  • toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway
  • regulation of cell death
  • learning
  • toll-like receptor signaling pathway
  • axon regeneration
  • negative regulation by host of viral transcription
  • cellular response to calcium ion
  • toll-like receptor TLR1
  • innate immune response
  • outflow tract morphogenesis
  • membrane depolarization
  • toll-like receptor TLR6
  • regulation of cell proliferation
  • positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
  • TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
  • Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway
  • positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process
  • monocyte differentiation
  • negative regulation of protein autophosphorylation
  • response to mechanical stimulus
  • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
  • MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
  • SMAD protein signal transduction
  • liver development
  • response to cAMP
  • MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
  • SMAD protein import into nucleus
  • transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
  • response to hydrogen peroxide
Components
  • nuclear chromosome
  • cytosol
  • transcriptional repressor complex
  • nucleoplasm
  • nuclear euchromatin
  • transcription factor complex
  • nucleus
General FunctionTranscriptional activator activity, rna polymerase ii transcription factor binding
Specific FunctionTranscription factor that recognizes and binds to the enhancer heptamer motif 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3'. Promotes activity of NR5A1 when phosphorylated by HIPK3 leading to increased steroidogenic gene expression upon cAMP signaling pathway stimulation.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane RegionsNot Available
GenBank Protein ID386839
UniProtKB IDP05412
UniProtKB Entry NameJUN_HUMAN
Cellular LocationNucleus
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0016293|Transcription factor AP-1 (JUN)
ATGACTGCAAAGATGGAAACGACCTTCTATGACGATGCCCTCAACGCCTCGTTCCTCCCG
TCCGAGAGCGGACCTTATGGCTACAGTAACCCCAAGATCCTGAAACAGAGCATGACCCTG
AACCTGGCCGACCCAGTGGGGAGCCTGAAGCCGCACCTCCGCGCCAAGAACTCGGACCTC
CTCACCTCGCCCGACGTGGGGCTGCTCAAGCTGGCGTCGCCCGAGCTGGAGCGCCTGATA
ATCCAGTCCAGCAACGGGCACATCACCACCACGCCGACCCCCACCCAGTTCCTGTGCCCC
AAGAACGTGACAGATGAGCAGGAGGGCTTCGCCGAGGGCTTCGTGCGCGCCCTGGCCGAA
CTGCACAGCCAGAACACGCTGCCCAGCGTCACGTCGGCGGCGCAGCCGGTCAACGGGGCA
GGCATGGTGGCTCCCGCGGTAGCCTCGGTGGCAGGGGGCAGCGGCAGCGGCGGCTTCAGC
GCCAGCCTGCACAGCGAGCCGCCGGTCTACGCAAACCTCAGCAACTTCAACCCAGGCGCG
CTGAGCAGCGGCGGCGGGGCGCCCTCCTACGGCGCGGCCGGCCTGGCCTTTCCCGCGCAA
CCCCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCCGCCGCACCACCTGCCCCAGCAGATGCCCGTGCAGCACCCG
CGGCTGCAGGCCCTGAAGGAGGAGCCTCAGACAGTGCCCGAGATGCCCGGCGAGACACCG
CCCCTGTCCCCCATCGACATGGAGTCCCAGGAGCGGATCAAGGCGGAGAGGAAGCGCATG
AGGAACCGCATCGCTGCCTCCAAGTGCCGAAAAAGGAAGCTGGAGAGAATCGCCCGGCTG
GAGGAAAAAGTGAAAACCTTGAAAGCTCAGAACTCGGAGCTGGCGTCCACGGCCAACATG
CTCAGGGAACAGGTGGCACAGCTTAAACAGAAAGTCATGAACCACGTTAACAGTGGGTGC
CAACTCATGCTAACGCAGCAGTTGCAAACATTTTGA
GenBank Gene IDJ04111
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDJUN
HGNC IDHGNC:6204
Chromosome Location1
Locus1p32-p31
References
  1. Hattori K, Angel P, Le Beau MM, Karin M: Structure and chromosomal localization of the functional intronless human JUN protooncogene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):9148-52. 3194415
  2. Bohmann D, Bos TJ, Admon A, Nishimura T, Vogt PK, Tjian R: Human proto-oncogene c-jun encodes a DNA binding protein with structural and functional properties of transcription factor AP-1. Science. 1987 Dec 4;238(4832):1386-92. 2825349
  3. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. 16710414
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. 15489334
  5. Boyle WJ, Smeal T, Defize LH, Angel P, Woodgett JR, Karin M, Hunter T: Activation of protein kinase C decreases phosphorylation of c-Jun at sites that negatively regulate its DNA-binding activity. Cell. 1991 Feb 8;64(3):573-84. 1846781
  6. Bannister AJ, Gottlieb TM, Kouzarides T, Jackson SP: c-Jun is phosphorylated by the DNA-dependent protein kinase in vitro; definition of the minimal kinase recognition motif. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Mar 11;21(5):1289-95. 8464713
  7. Enslen H, Tokumitsu H, Stork PJ, Davis RJ, Soderling TR: Regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Oct 1;93(20):10803-8. 8855261
  8. Kirstein M, Sanz L, Quinones S, Moscat J, Diaz-Meco MT, Saus J: Cross-talk between different enhancer elements during mitogenic induction of the human stromelysin-1 gene. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jul 26;271(30):18231-6. 8663478
  9. Claret FX, Hibi M, Dhut S, Toda T, Karin M: A new group of conserved coactivators that increase the specificity of AP-1 transcription factors. Nature. 1996 Oct 3;383(6599):453-7. 8837781
  10. Zhang Y, Feng XH, Derynck R: Smad3 and Smad4 cooperate with c-Jun/c-Fos to mediate TGF-beta-induced transcription. Nature. 1998 Aug 27;394(6696):909-13. 9732876
  11. Rao S, Matsumura A, Yoon J, Simon MC: SPI-B activates transcription via a unique proline, serine, and threonine domain and exhibits DNA binding affinity differences from PU.1. J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 16;274(16):11115-24. 10196196
  12. De Graeve F, Bahr A, Sabapathy KT, Hauss C, Wagner EF, Kedinger C, Chatton B: Role of the ATFa/JNK2 complex in Jun activation. Oncogene. 1999 Jun 10;18(23):3491-500. 10376527
  13. Qing J, Zhang Y, Derynck R: Structural and functional characterization of the transforming growth factor-beta -induced Smad3/c-Jun transcriptional cooperativity. J Biol Chem. 2000 Dec 8;275(49):38802-12. 10995748
  14. Vries RG, Prudenziati M, Zwartjes C, Verlaan M, Kalkhoven E, Zantema A: A specific lysine in c-Jun is required for transcriptional repression by E1A and is acetylated by p300. EMBO J. 2001 Nov 1;20(21):6095-103. 11689449
  15. Bower KE, Zeller RW, Wachsman W, Martinez T, McGuire KL: Correlation of transcriptional repression by p21(SNFT) with changes in DNA.NF-AT complex interactions. J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 20;277(38):34967-77. Epub 2002 Jun 26. 12087103
  16. Bower KE, Fritz JM, McGuire KL: Transcriptional repression of MMP-1 by p21SNFT and reduced in vitro invasiveness of hepatocarcinoma cells. Oncogene. 2004 Nov 18;23(54):8805-14. 15467742
  17. Nateri AS, Riera-Sans L, Da Costa C, Behrens A: The ubiquitin ligase SCFFbw7 antagonizes apoptotic JNK signaling. Science. 2004 Feb 27;303(5662):1374-8. Epub 2004 Jan 22. 14739463
  18. Lan HC, Li HJ, Lin G, Lai PY, Chung BC: Cyclic AMP stimulates SF-1-dependent CYP11A1 expression through homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 3-mediated Jun N-terminal kinase and c-Jun phosphorylation. Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Mar;27(6):2027-36. Epub 2007 Jan 8. 17210646
  19. Hung JJ, Wang YT, Chang WC: Sp1 deacetylation induced by phorbol ester recruits p300 to activate 12(S)-lipoxygenase gene transcription. Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Mar;26(5):1770-85. 16478997
  20. Wang L, Dai W, Lu L: Stress-induced c-Jun activation mediated by Polo-like kinase 3 in corneal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2007 Nov 2;282(44):32121-7. Epub 2007 Sep 5. 17804415
  21. Wang L, Gao J, Dai W, Lu L: Activation of Polo-like kinase 3 by hypoxic stresses. J Biol Chem. 2008 Sep 19;283(38):25928-35. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M801326200. Epub 2008 Jul 23. 18650425
  22. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105. Epub 2008 Jul 31. 18669648
  23. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. doi: 10.1021/ac9004309. 19413330
  24. Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007. 19690332
  25. Davies CC, Chakraborty A, Cipriani F, Haigh K, Haigh JJ, Behrens A: Identification of a co-activator that links growth factor signalling to c-Jun/AP-1 activation. Nat Cell Biol. 2010 Oct;12(10):963-72. doi: 10.1038/ncb2098. Epub 2010 Sep 19. 20852630
  26. Olsen JV, Vermeulen M, Santamaria A, Kumar C, Miller ML, Jensen LJ, Gnad F, Cox J, Jensen TS, Nigg EA, Brunak S, Mann M: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis. Sci Signal. 2010 Jan 12;3(104):ra3. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475. 20068231
  27. Li T, Zhang J, Zhu F, Wen W, Zykova T, Li X, Liu K, Peng C, Ma W, Shi G, Dong Z, Bode AM, Dong Z: P21-activated protein kinase (PAK2)-mediated c-Jun phosphorylation at 5 threonine sites promotes cell transformation. Carcinogenesis. 2011 May;32(5):659-66. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgq271. Epub 2010 Dec 22. 21177766
  28. Rigbolt KT, Prokhorova TA, Akimov V, Henningsen J, Johansen PT, Kratchmarova I, Kassem M, Mann M, Olsen JV, Blagoev B: System-wide temporal characterization of the proteome and phosphoproteome of human embryonic stem cell differentiation. Sci Signal. 2011 Mar 15;4(164):rs3. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2001570. 21406692
  29. Taira N, Mimoto R, Kurata M, Yamaguchi T, Kitagawa M, Miki Y, Yoshida K: DYRK2 priming phosphorylation of c-Jun and c-Myc modulates cell cycle progression in human cancer cells. J Clin Invest. 2012 Mar;122(3):859-72. doi: 10.1172/JCI60818. Epub 2012 Feb 6. 22307329
  30. Davies CC, Chakraborty A, Diefenbacher ME, Skehel M, Behrens A: Arginine methylation of the c-Jun coactivator RACO-1 is required for c-Jun/AP-1 activation. EMBO J. 2013 May 29;32(11):1556-67. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2013.98. Epub 2013 Apr 26. 23624934
  31. Glover JN, Harrison SC: Crystal structure of the heterodimeric bZIP transcription factor c-Fos-c-Jun bound to DNA. Nature. 1995 Jan 19;373(6511):257-61. 7816143
  32. Junius FK, O'Donoghue SI, Nilges M, Weiss AS, King GF: High resolution NMR solution structure of the leucine zipper domain of the c-Jun homodimer. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jun 7;271(23):13663-7. 8662824