NameCoagulation factor IX
Synonyms
  • 3.4.21.22
  • Christmas factor
  • Plasma thromboplastin component
  • PTC
Gene NameF9
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0000725|Coagulation factor IX
MQRVNMIMAESPGLITICLLGYLLSAECTVFLDHENANKILNRPKRYNSGKLEEFVQGNL
ERECMEEKCSFEEAREVFENTERTTEFWKQYVDGDQCESNPCLNGGSCKDDINSYECWCP
FGFEGKNCELDVTCNIKNGRCEQFCKNSADNKVVCSCTEGYRLAENQKSCEPAVPFPCGR
VSVSQTSKLTRAETVFPDVDYVNSTEAETILDNITQSTQSFNDFTRVVGGEDAKPGQFPW
QVVLNGKVDAFCGGSIVNEKWIVTAAHCVETGVKITVVAGEHNIEETEHTEQKRNVIRII
PHHNYNAAINKYNHDIALLELDEPLVLNSYVTPICIADKEYTNIFLKFGSGYVSGWGRVF
HKGRSALVLQYLRVPLVDRATCLRSTKFTIYNNMFCAGFHEGGRDSCQGDSGGPHVTEVE
GTSFLTGIISWGEECAMKGKYGIYTKVSRYVNWIKEKTKLT
Number of residues461
Molecular Weight51778.11
Theoretical pI5.16
GO Classification
Functions
  • serine-type endopeptidase activity
  • calcium ion binding
  • endopeptidase activity
Processes
  • proteolysis
  • peptidyl-glutamic acid carboxylation
  • cellular protein metabolic process
  • post-translational protein modification
  • blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway
  • blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway
  • zymogen activation
  • blood coagulation
Components
  • extracellular region
  • plasma membrane
  • extracellular space
  • extracellular exosome
  • endoplasmic reticulum lumen
  • Golgi lumen
General FunctionSerine-type endopeptidase activity
Specific FunctionFactor IX is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein that participates in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation by converting factor X to its active form in the presence of Ca(2+) ions, phospholipids, and factor VIIIa.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane RegionsNot Available
GenBank Protein ID182609
UniProtKB IDP00740
UniProtKB Entry NameFA9_HUMAN
Cellular LocationSecreted
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0010262|Coagulation factor IX (F9)
ATGCAGCGCGTGAACATGATCATGGCAGAATCACCAGGCCTCATCACCATCTGCCTTTTA
GGATATCTACTCAGTGCTGAATGTACAGTTTTTCTTGATCATGAAAACGCCAACAAAATT
CTGAATCGGCCAAAGAGGTATAATTCAGGTAAATTGGAAGAGTTTGTTCAAGGGAACCTT
GAGAGAGAATGTATGGAAGAAAAGTGTAGTTTTGAAGAAGCACGAGAAGTTTTTGAAAAC
ACTGAAAGAACAACTGAATTTTGGAAGCAGTATGTTGATGGAGATCAGTGTGAGTCCAAT
CCATGTTTAAATGGCGGCAGTTGCAAGGATGACATTAATTCCTATGAATGTTGGTGTCCC
TTTGGATTTGAAGGAAAGAACTGTGAATTAGATGTAACATGTAACATTAAGAATGGCAGA
TGCGAGCAGTTTTGTAAAAATAGTGCTGATAACAAGGTGGTTTGCTCCTGTACTGAGGGA
TATCGACTTGCAGAAAACCAGAAGTCCTGTGAACCAGCAGTGCCATTTCCATGTGGAAGA
GTTTCTGTTTCACAAACTTCTAAGCTCACCCGTGCTGAGACTGTTTTTCCTGATGTGGAC
TATGTAAATTCTACTGAAGCTGAAACCATTTTGGATAACATCACTCAAAGCACCCAATCA
TTTAATGACTTCACTCGGGTTGTTGGTGGAGAAGATGCCAAACCAGGTCAATTCCCTTGG
CAGGTTGTTTTGAATGGTAAAGTTGATGCATTCTGTGGAGGCTCTATCGTTAATGAAAAA
TGGATTGTAACTGCTGCCCACTGTGTTGAAACTGGTGTTAAAATTACAGTTGTCGCAGGT
GAACATAATATTGAGGAGACAGAACATACAGAGCAAAAGCGAAATGTGATTCGAATTATT
CCTCACCACAACTACAATGCAGCTATTAATAAGTACAACCATGACATTGCCCTTCTGGAA
CTGGACGAACCCTTAGTGCTAAACAGCTACGTTACACCTATTTGCATTGCTGACAAGGAA
TACACGAACATCTTCCTCAAATTTGGATCTGGCTATGTAAGTGGCTGGGGAAGAGTCTTC
CACAAAGGGAGATCAGCTTTAGTTCTTCAGTACCTTAGAGTTCCACTTGTTGACCGAGCC
ACATGTCTTCGATCTACAAAGTTCACCATCTATAACAACATGTTCTGTGCTGGCTTCCAT
GAAGGAGGTAGAGATTCATGTCAAGGAGATAGTGGGGGACCCCATGTTACTGAAGTGGAA
GGGACCAGTTTCTTAACTGGAATTATTAGCTGGGGTGAAGAGTGTGCAATGAAAGGCAAA
TATGGAATATATACCAAGGTATCCCGGTATGTCAACTGGATTAAGGAAAAAACAAAGCTC
ACTTAA
GenBank Gene IDK02402
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDF9
HGNC IDHGNC:3551
Chromosome LocationX
LocusXq27.1-q27.2
References
  1. Kurachi K, Davie EW: Isolation and characterization of a cDNA coding for human factor IX. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Nov;79(21):6461-4. 6959130
  2. Jaye M, de la Salle H, Schamber F, Balland A, Kohli V, Findeli A, Tolstoshev P, Lecocq JP: Isolation of a human anti-haemophilic factor IX cDNA clone using a unique 52-base synthetic oligonucleotide probe deduced from the amino acid sequence of bovine factor IX. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Apr 25;11(8):2325-35. 6687940
  3. Anson DS, Choo KH, Rees DJ, Giannelli F, Gould K, Huddleston JA, Brownlee GG: The gene structure of human anti-haemophilic factor IX. EMBO J. 1984 May;3(5):1053-60. 6329734
  4. Yoshitake S, Schach BG, Foster DC, Davie EW, Kurachi K: Nucleotide sequence of the gene for human factor IX (antihemophilic factor B). Biochemistry. 1985 Jul 2;24(14):3736-50. 2994716
  5. McGraw RA, Davis LM, Noyes CM, Lundblad RL, Roberts HR, Graham JB, Stafford DW: Evidence for a prevalent dimorphism in the activation peptide of human coagulation factor IX. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 May;82(9):2847-51. 3857619
  6. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. 14702039
  7. Ross MT, Grafham DV, Coffey AJ, Scherer S, McLay K, Muzny D, Platzer M, Howell GR, Burrows C, Bird CP, Frankish A, Lovell FL, Howe KL, Ashurst JL, Fulton RS, Sudbrak R, Wen G, Jones MC, Hurles ME, Andrews TD, Scott CE, Searle S, Ramser J, Whittaker A, Deadman R, Carter NP, Hunt SE, Chen R, Cree A, Gunaratne P, Havlak P, Hodgson A, Metzker ML, Richards S, Scott G, Steffen D, Sodergren E, Wheeler DA, Worley KC, Ainscough R, Ambrose KD, Ansari-Lari MA, Aradhya S, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Ballabio A, Banerjee R, Barker GE, Barlow KF, Barrett IP, Bates KN, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Beck A, Bethel G, Blechschmidt K, Brady N, Bray-Allen S, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Brown MJ, Bonnin D, Bruford EA, Buhay C, Burch P, Burford D, Burgess J, Burrill W, Burton J, Bye JM, Carder C, Carrel L, Chako J, Chapman JC, Chavez D, Chen E, Chen G, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chinault C, Ciccodicola A, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Clerc-Blankenburg K, Clifford K, Cobley V, Cole CG, Conquer JS, Corby N, Connor RE, David R, Davies J, Davis C, Davis J, Delgado O, Deshazo D, Dhami P, Ding Y, Dinh H, Dodsworth S, Draper H, Dugan-Rocha S, Dunham A, Dunn M, Durbin KJ, Dutta I, Eades T, Ellwood M, Emery-Cohen A, Errington H, Evans KL, Faulkner L, Francis F, Frankland J, Fraser AE, Galgoczy P, Gilbert J, Gill R, Glockner G, Gregory SG, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gu Y, Gwilliam R, Hamilton C, Hart EA, Hawes A, Heath PD, Heitmann K, Hennig S, Hernandez J, Hinzmann B, Ho S, Hoffs M, Howden PJ, Huckle EJ, Hume J, Hunt PJ, Hunt AR, Isherwood J, Jacob L, Johnson D, Jones S, de Jong PJ, Joseph SS, Keenan S, Kelly S, Kershaw JK, Khan Z, Kioschis P, Klages S, Knights AJ, Kosiura A, Kovar-Smith C, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leversha M, Lewis L, Liu W, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loulseged H, Loveland JE, Lovell JD, Lozado R, Lu J, Lyne R, Ma J, Maheshwari M, Matthews LH, McDowall J, McLaren S, McMurray A, Meidl P, Meitinger T, Milne S, Miner G, Mistry SL, Morgan M, Morris S, Muller I, Mullikin JC, Nguyen N, Nordsiek G, Nyakatura G, O'Dell CN, Okwuonu G, Palmer S, Pandian R, Parker D, Parrish J, Pasternak S, Patel D, Pearce AV, Pearson DM, Pelan SE, Perez L, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Reichwald K, Rhodes S, Ridler KA, Schlessinger D, Schueler MG, Sehra HK, Shaw-Smith C, Shen H, Sheridan EM, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Sotheran EC, Steingruber HE, Steward CA, Storey R, Swann RM, Swarbreck D, Tabor PE, Taudien S, Taylor T, Teague B, Thomas K, Thorpe A, Timms K, Tracey A, Trevanion S, Tromans AC, d'Urso M, Verduzco D, Villasana D, Waldron L, Wall M, Wang Q, Warren J, Warry GL, Wei X, West A, Whitehead SL, Whiteley MN, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams G, Williams L, Williamson A, Williamson H, Wilming L, Woodmansey RL, Wray PW, Yen J, Zhang J, Zhou J, Zoghbi H, Zorilla S, Buck D, Reinhardt R, Poustka A, Rosenthal A, Lehrach H, Meindl A, Minx PJ, Hillier LW, Willard HF, Wilson RK, Waterston RH, Rice CM, Vaudin M, Coulson A, Nelson DL, Weinstock G, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Gibbs RA, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR: The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome. Nature. 2005 Mar 17;434(7031):325-37. 15772651
  8. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. 15489334
  9. de la Salle C, Charmantier JL, Ravanat C, Ohlmann P, Hartmann ML, Schuhler S, Bischoff R, Ebel C, Roecklin D, Balland A, et al.: The Arg-4 mutant factor IX Strasbourg 2 shows a delayed activation by factor XIa. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol. 1993;35(5):473-80. 8295821
  10. Jagadeeswaran P, Lavelle DE, Kaul R, Mohandas T, Warren ST: Isolation and characterization of human factor IX cDNA: identification of Taq I polymorphism and regional assignment. Somat Cell Mol Genet. 1984 Sep;10(5):465-73. 6089357
  11. Suehiro K, Kawabata S, Miyata T, Takeya H, Takamatsu J, Ogata K, Kamiya T, Saito H, Niho Y, Iwanaga S: Blood clotting factor IX BM Nagoya. Substitution of arginine 180 by tryptophan and its activation by alpha-chymotrypsin and rat mast cell chymase. J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 15;264(35):21257-65. 2592373
  12. Wojcik EG, Van Den Berg M, Poort SR, Bertina RM: Modification of the N-terminus of human factor IX by defective propeptide cleavage or acetylation results in a destabilized calcium-induced conformation: effects on phospholipid binding and activation by factor XIa. Biochem J. 1997 May 1;323 ( Pt 3):629-36. 9169594
  13. Stoflet ES, Koeberl DD, Sarkar G, Sommer SS: Genomic amplification with transcript sequencing. Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):491-4. 3340835
  14. de la Salle C, Charmantier JL, Baas MJ, Schwartz A, Wiesel ML, Grunebaum L, Cazenave JP: A deletion located in the 3' non translated part of the factor IX gene responsible for mild haemophilia B. Thromb Haemost. 1993 Aug 2;70(2):370-1. 8236150
  15. McMullen BA, Fujikawa K, Kisiel W: The occurrence of beta-hydroxyaspartic acid in the vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation zymogens. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1983 Aug 30;115(1):8-14. 6688526
  16. Di Scipio RG, Kurachi K, Davie EW: Activation of human factor IX (Christmas factor). J Clin Invest. 1978 Jun;61(6):1528-38. 659613
  17. Morita T, Isaacs BS, Esmon CT, Johnson AE: Derivatives of blood coagulation factor IX contain a high affinity Ca2+-binding site that lacks gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. J Biol Chem. 1984 May 10;259(9):5698-704. 6425296
  18. Nishimura H, Kawabata S, Kisiel W, Hase S, Ikenaka T, Takao T, Shimonishi Y, Iwanaga S: Identification of a disaccharide (Xyl-Glc) and a trisaccharide (Xyl2-Glc) O-glycosidically linked to a serine residue in the first epidermal growth factor-like domain of human factors VII and IX and protein Z and bovine protein Z. J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 5;264(34):20320-5. 2511201
  19. Iwanaga S, Nishimura H, Kawabata S, Kisiel W, Hase S, Ikenaka T: A new trisaccharide sugar chain linked to a serine residue in the first EGF-like domain of clotting factors VII and IX and protein Z. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1990;281:121-31. 2129367
  20. Rawala-Sheikh R, Ahmad SS, Monroe DM, Roberts HR, Walsh PN: Role of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues in the binding of factor IXa to platelets and in factor-X activation. Blood. 1992 Jan 15;79(2):398-405. 1730085
  21. Nishimura H, Takao T, Hase S, Shimonishi Y, Iwanaga S: Human factor IX has a tetrasaccharide O-glycosidically linked to serine 61 through the fucose residue. J Biol Chem. 1992 Sep 5;267(25):17520-5. 1517205
  22. Agarwala KL, Kawabata S, Takao T, Murata H, Shimonishi Y, Nishimura H, Iwanaga S: Activation peptide of human factor IX has oligosaccharides O-glycosidically linked to threonine residues at 159 and 169. Biochemistry. 1994 May 3;33(17):5167-71. 8172892
  23. Arruda VR, Hagstrom JN, Deitch J, Heiman-Patterson T, Camire RM, Chu K, Fields PA, Herzog RW, Couto LB, Larson PJ, High KA: Posttranslational modifications of recombinant myotube-synthesized human factor IX. Blood. 2001 Jan 1;97(1):130-8. 11133752
  24. Sichler K, Kopetzki E, Huber R, Bode W, Hopfner KP, Brandstetter H: Physiological fIXa activation involves a cooperative conformational rearrangement of the 99-loop. J Biol Chem. 2003 Feb 7;278(6):4121-6. Epub 2002 Nov 19. 12444082
  25. Takeuchi H, Fernandez-Valdivia RC, Caswell DS, Nita-Lazar A, Rana NA, Garner TP, Weldeghiorghis TK, Macnaughtan MA, Jafar-Nejad H, Haltiwanger RS: Rumi functions as both a protein O-glucosyltransferase and a protein O-xylosyltransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Oct 4;108(40):16600-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1109696108. Epub 2011 Sep 26. 21949356
  26. Huang LJ, Lin JH, Tsai JH, Chu YY, Chen YW, Chen SL, Chen SH: Identification of protein O-glycosylation site and corresponding glycans using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry via mapping accurate mass and retention time shift. J Chromatogr A. 2014 Dec 5;1371:136-45. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.046. Epub 2014 Nov 1. 25456591
  27. Bian Y, Song C, Cheng K, Dong M, Wang F, Huang J, Sun D, Wang L, Ye M, Zou H: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. J Proteomics. 2014 Jan 16;96:253-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014. Epub 2013 Nov 22. 24275569
  28. Freedman SJ, Furie BC, Furie B, Baleja JD: Structure of the metal-free gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich membrane binding region of factor IX by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. J Biol Chem. 1995 Apr 7;270(14):7980-7. 7713897
  29. Freedman SJ, Furie BC, Furie B, Baleja JD: Structure of the calcium ion-bound gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich domain of factor IX. Biochemistry. 1995 Sep 26;34(38):12126-37. 7547952
  30. Freedman SJ, Blostein MD, Baleja JD, Jacobs M, Furie BC, Furie B: Identification of the phospholipid binding site in the vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation protein factor IX. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jul 5;271(27):16227-36. 8663165
  31. Li L, Darden TA, Freedman SJ, Furie BC, Furie B, Baleja JD, Smith H, Hiskey RG, Pedersen LG: Refinement of the NMR solution structure of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain of coagulation factor IX using molecular dynamics simulation with initial Ca2+ positions determined by a genetic algorithm. Biochemistry. 1997 Feb 25;36(8):2132-8. 9047312
  32. Huang LH, Cheng H, Pardi A, Tam JP, Sweeney WV: Sequence-specific 1H NMR assignments, secondary structure, and location of the calcium binding site in the first epidermal growth factor like domain of blood coagulation factor IX. Biochemistry. 1991 Jul 30;30(30):7402-9. 1854745
  33. Baron M, Norman DG, Harvey TS, Handford PA, Mayhew M, Tse AG, Brownlee GG, Campbell ID: The three-dimensional structure of the first EGF-like module of human factor IX: comparison with EGF and TGF-alpha. Protein Sci. 1992 Jan;1(1):81-90. 1304885
  34. Rao Z, Handford P, Mayhew M, Knott V, Brownlee GG, Stuart D: The structure of a Ca(2+)-binding epidermal growth factor-like domain: its role in protein-protein interactions. Cell. 1995 Jul 14;82(1):131-41. 7606779
  35. Hopfner KP, Lang A, Karcher A, Sichler K, Kopetzki E, Brandstetter H, Huber R, Bode W, Engh RA: Coagulation factor IXa: the relaxed conformation of Tyr99 blocks substrate binding. Structure. 1999 Aug 15;7(8):989-96. 10467148
  36. Huang M, Furie BC, Furie B: Crystal structure of the calcium-stabilized human factor IX Gla domain bound to a conformation-specific anti-factor IX antibody. J Biol Chem. 2004 Apr 2;279(14):14338-46. Epub 2004 Jan 13. 14722079
  37. Zogg T, Brandstetter H: Structural basis of the cofactor- and substrate-assisted activation of human coagulation factor IXa. Structure. 2009 Dec 9;17(12):1669-78. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2009.10.011. 20004170
  38. Wang S, Beck R, Blench T, Burd A, Buxton S, Malic M, Ayele T, Shaikh S, Chahwala S, Chander C, Holland R, Merette S, Zhao L, Blackney M, Watts A: Studies of benzothiophene template as potent factor IXa (FIXa) inhibitors in thrombosis. J Med Chem. 2010 Feb 25;53(4):1465-72. doi: 10.1021/jm901475e. 20121198
  39. Wang S, Beck R, Burd A, Blench T, Marlin F, Ayele T, Buxton S, Dagostin C, Malic M, Joshi R, Barry J, Sajad M, Cheung C, Shaikh S, Chahwala S, Chander C, Baumgartner C, Holthoff HP, Murray E, Blackney M, Giddings A: Structure based drug design: development of potent and selective factor IXa (FIXa) inhibitors. J Med Chem. 2010 Feb 25;53(4):1473-82. doi: 10.1021/jm901476x. 20121197
  40. Johnson DJ, Langdown J, Huntington JA: Molecular basis of factor IXa recognition by heparin-activated antithrombin revealed by a 1.7-A structure of the ternary complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jan 12;107(2):645-50. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0910144107. Epub 2009 Dec 22. 20080729
  41. Green PM, Bentley DR, Mibashan RS, Nilsson IM, Giannelli F: Molecular pathology of haemophilia B. EMBO J. 1989 Apr;8(4):1067-72. 2743975
  42. Sommer SS: Assessing the underlying pattern of human germline mutations: lessons from the factor IX gene. FASEB J. 1992 Jul;6(10):2767-74. 1634040
  43. Giannelli F, Green PM, High KA, Sommer S, Poon MC, Ludwig M, Schwaab R, Reitsma PH, Goossens M, Yoshioka A, et al.: Haemophilia B: database of point mutations and short additions and deletions--fourth edition, 1993. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Jul 1;21(13):3075-87. 8392713
  44. Noyes CM, Griffith MJ, Roberts HR, Lundblad RL: Identification of the molecular defect in factor IX Chapel Hill: substitution of histidine for arginine at position 145. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jul;80(14):4200-2. 6603618
  45. Bentley AK, Rees DJ, Rizza C, Brownlee GG: Defective propeptide processing of blood clotting factor IX caused by mutation of arginine to glutamine at position -4. Cell. 1986 May 9;45(3):343-8. 3009023
  46. Davis LM, McGraw RA, Ware JL, Roberts HR, Stafford DW: Factor IXAlabama: a point mutation in a clotting protein results in hemophilia B. Blood. 1987 Jan;69(1):140-3. 3790720
  47. Ware J, Davis L, Frazier D, Bajaj SP, Stafford DW: Genetic defect responsible for the dysfunctional protein: factor IXLong Beach. Blood. 1988 Aug;72(2):820-2. 3401602
  48. Sugimoto M, Miyata T, Kawabata S, Yoshioka A, Fukui H, Takahashi H, Iwanaga S: Blood clotting factor IX Niigata: substitution of alanine-390 by valine in the catalytic domain. J Biochem. 1988 Dec;104(6):878-80. 3243764
  49. Monroe DM, McCord DM, Huang MN, High KA, Lundblad RL, Kasper CK, Roberts HR: Functional consequences of an arginine180 to glutamine mutation in factor IX Hilo. Blood. 1989 May 1;73(6):1540-4. 2713493
  50. Attree O, Vidaud D, Vidaud M, Amselem S, Lavergne JM, Goossens M: Mutations in the catalytic domain of human coagulation factor IX: rapid characterization by direct genomic sequencing of DNA fragments displaying an altered melting behavior. Genomics. 1989 Apr;4(3):266-72. 2714791
  51. Koeberl DD, Bottema CD, Buerstedde JM, Sommer SS: Functionally important regions of the factor IX gene have a low rate of polymorphism and a high rate of mutation in the dinucleotide CpG. Am J Hum Genet. 1989 Sep;45(3):448-57. 2773937
  52. Liddell MB, Peake IR, Taylor SA, Lillicrap DP, Giddings JC, Bloom AL: Factor IX Cardiff: a variant factor IX protein that shows abnormal activation is caused by an arginine to cysteine substitution at position 145. Br J Haematol. 1989 Aug;72(4):556-60. 2775660
  53. Sakai T, Yoshioka A, Yamamoto K, Niinomi K, Fujimura Y, Fukui H, Miyata T, Iwanaga S: Blood clotting factor IX Kashihara: amino acid substitution of valine-182 by phenylalanine. J Biochem. 1989 May;105(5):756-9. 2753873
  54. Ware J, Diuguid DL, Liebman HA, Rabiet MJ, Kasper CK, Furie BC, Furie B, Stafford DW: Factor IX San Dimas. Substitution of glutamine for Arg-4 in the propeptide leads to incomplete gamma-carboxylation and altered phospholipid binding properties. J Biol Chem. 1989 Jul 5;264(19):11401-6. 2738071
  55. Chen SH, Thompson AR, Zhang M, Scott CR: Three point mutations in the factor IX genes of five hemophilia B patients. Identification strategy using localization by altered epitopes in their hemophilic proteins. J Clin Invest. 1989 Jul;84(1):113-8. 2472424
  56. Wang NS, Zhang M, Thompson AR, Chen SH: Factor IX Chongqing: a new mutation in the calcium-binding domain of factor IX resulting in severe hemophilia B. Thromb Haemost. 1990 Feb 19;63(1):24-6. 2339358
  57. Taylor SA, Liddell MB, Peake IR, Bloom AL, Lillicrap DP: A mutation adjacent to the beta cleavage site of factor IX (valine 182 to leucine) results in mild haemophilia Bm. Br J Haematol. 1990 Jun;75(2):217-21. 2372509
  58. Bertina RM, van der Linden IK, Mannucci PM, Reinalda-Poot HH, Cupers R, Poort SR, Reitsma PH: Mutations in hemophilia Bm occur at the Arg180-Val activation site or in the catalytic domain of factor IX. J Biol Chem. 1990 Jul 5;265(19):10876-83. 2162822
  59. Miyata T, Sakai T, Sugimoto M, Naka H, Yamamoto K, Yoshioka A, Fukui H, Mitsui K, Kamiya K, Umeyama H, et al.: Factor IX Amagasaki: a new mutation in the catalytic domain resulting in the loss of both coagulant and esterase activities. Biochemistry. 1991 Nov 26;30(47):11286-91. 1958666
  60. Sarkar G, Cassady JD, Pyeritz RE, Gilchrist GS, Sommer SS: Isoleucine397 is changed to threonine in two females with hemophilia B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Mar 11;19(5):1165. 1902289
  61. Ludwig M, Sabharwal AK, Brackmann HH, Olek K, Smith KJ, Birktoft JJ, Bajaj SP: Hemophilia B caused by five different nondeletion mutations in the protease domain of factor IX. Blood. 1992 Mar 1;79(5):1225-32. 1346975
  62. Taylor SA, Duffin J, Cameron C, Teitel J, Garvey B, Lillicrap DP: Characterization of the original Christmas disease mutation (cysteine 206----serine): from clinical recognition to molecular pathogenesis. Thromb Haemost. 1992 Jan 23;67(1):63-5. 1615485
  63. David D, Rosa HA, Pemberton S, Diniz MJ, Campos M, Lavinha J: Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the molecular pathology of hemophilia B. Hum Mutat. 1993;2(5):355-61. 8257988
  64. Aguilar-Martinez P, Romey MC, Schved JF, Gris JC, Demaille J, Claustres M: Factor IX gene mutations causing haemophilia B: comparison of SSC screening versus systematic DNA sequencing and diagnostic applications. Hum Genet. 1994 Sep;94(3):287-90. 8076946
  65. Aguilar-Martinez P, Romey MC, Gris JC, Schved JF, Demaille J, Claustres M: A novel mutation (Val-373 to Glu) in the catalytic domain of factor IX, resulting in moderately/severe hemophilia B in a southern French patient. Hum Mutat. 1994;3(2):156-8. 8199596
  66. Caglayan SH, Vielhaber E, Gursel T, Aktuglu G, Sommer SS: Identification of mutations in four hemophilia B patients of Turkish origin, including a novel deletion of base 6411. Hum Mutat. 1994;4(2):163-5. 7981722
  67. Wulff K, Schroder W, Wehnert M, Herrmann FH: Twenty-five novel mutations of the factor IX gene in haemophilia B. Hum Mutat. 1995;6(4):346-8. 8680410
  68. Chu K, Wu SM, Stanley T, Stafford DW, High KA: A mutation in the propeptide of Factor IX leads to warfarin sensitivity by a novel mechanism. J Clin Invest. 1996 Oct 1;98(7):1619-25. 8833911
  69. Caglayan SH, Gokmen Y, Aktuglu G, Gurgey A, Sommer SS: Mutations associated with hemophilia B in Turkish patients. Hum Mutat. 1997;10(1):76-9. 9222764
  70. Chan V, Chan VW, Yip B, Chim CS, Chan TK: Hemophilia B in a female carrier due to skewed inactivation of the normal X-chromosome. Am J Hematol. 1998 May;58(1):72-6. 9590153
  71. David D, Moreira I, Morais S, de Deus G: Five novel factor IX mutations in unrelated hemophilia B patients. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S301-3. 9452115
  72. Heit JA, Thorland EC, Ketterling RP, Lind TJ, Daniels TM, Zapata RE, Ordonez SM, Kasper CK, Sommer SS: Germline mutations in Peruvian patients with hemophilia B: pattern of mutation in AmerIndians is similar to the putative endogenous germline pattern. Hum Mutat. 1998;11(5):372-6. 9600455
  73. Wulff K, Bykowska K, Lopaciuk S, Herrmann FH: Molecular analysis of hemophilia B in Poland: 12 novel mutations of the factor IX gene. Acta Biochim Pol. 1999;46(3):721-6. 10698280
  74. Montejo JM, Magallon M, Tizzano E, Solera J: Identification of twenty-one new mutations in the factor IX gene by SSCP analysis. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(2):160-5. 10094553
  75. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. 10391209
  76. Vidal F, Farssac E, Altisent C, Puig L, Gallardo D: Factor IX gene sequencing by a simple and sensitive 15-hour procedure for haemophilia B diagnosis: identification of two novel mutations. Br J Haematol. 2000 Nov;111(2):549-51. 11122099
  77. Onay UV, Kavakli K, Kilinc Y, Gurgey A, Aktuglu G, Kemahli S, Ozbek U, Caglayan SH: Molecular pathology of haemophilia B in Turkish patients: identification of a large deletion and 33 independent point mutations. Br J Haematol. 2003 Feb;120(4):656-9. 12588353
  78. Espinos C, Casana P, Haya S, Cid AR, Aznar JA: Molecular analyses in hemophilia B families: identification of six new mutations in the factor IX gene. Haematologica. 2003 Feb;88(2):235-6. 12604421
  79. Simioni P, Tormene D, Tognin G, Gavasso S, Bulato C, Iacobelli NP, Finn JD, Spiezia L, Radu C, Arruda VR: X-linked thrombophilia with a mutant factor IX (factor IX Padua). N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 22;361(17):1671-5. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0904377. 19846852
  80. Saini S, Hamasaki-Katagiri N, Pandey GS, Yanover C, Guelcher C, Simhadri VL, Dandekar S, Guerrera MF, Kimchi-Sarfaty C, Sauna ZE: Genetic determinants of immunogenicity to factor IX during the treatment of haemophilia B. Haemophilia. 2015 Mar;21(2):210-8. doi: 10.1111/hae.12553. Epub 2014 Dec 2. 25470321
  81. Guo ZP, Yang LH, Qin XY, Liu XE, Chen JF, Zhang YF: Comprehensive analysis of phenotypes and genetics in 21 Chinese families with haemophilia B: characterization of five novel mutations. Haemophilia. 2014 Nov;20(6):859-65. doi: 10.1111/hae.12534. Epub 2014 Sep 23. 25251685