Orexin

NameOrexin
Synonyms
  • Hcrt
  • Hypocretin
  • OX
  • PPORX
  • PPOX
Gene NameHCRT
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0013110|Orexin
MNLPSTKVSWAAVTLLLLLLLLPPALLSSGAAAQPLPDCCRQKTCSCRLYELLHGAGNHA
AGILTLGKRRSGPPGLQGRLQRLLQASGNHAAGILTMGRRAGAEPAPRPCLGRRCSAPAA
ASVAPGGQSGI
Number of residues131
Molecular Weight13362.51
Theoretical pINot Available
GO Classification
Processes
  • eating behavior
  • neuropeptide signaling pathway
  • positive regulation of calcium ion transport
  • synaptic transmission
  • negative regulation of DNA replication
  • positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
  • protein kinase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
  • phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
  • negative regulation of transmission of nerve impulse
  • excitatory postsynaptic potential
  • negative regulation of potassium ion transport
  • positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse
  • regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
Components
  • synaptic vesicle
  • cell junction
  • cytosol
  • perinuclear region of cytoplasm
  • secretory granule
  • rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • extracellular region
General FunctionNot Available
Specific FunctionNeuropeptides that play a significant role in the regulation of food intake and sleep-wakefulness, possibly by coordinating the complex behavioral and physiologic responses of these complementary homeostatic functions. A broader role in the homeostatic regulation of energy metabolism, autonomic function, hormonal balance and the regulation of body fluids, is also suggested. Orexin-A binds to both OX1R and OX2R with a high affinity, whereas orexin-B binds only to OX2R with a similar high affinity.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane RegionsNot Available
GenBank Protein IDNot Available
UniProtKB IDO43612
UniProtKB Entry NameOREX_HUMAN
Cellular LocationRough endoplasmic reticulum
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0013111|Orexin (HCRT)
ATGAACCTTCCTTCCACAAAGGTCTCCTGGGCCGCCGTGACGCTACTGCTGCTGCTGCTG
CTGCTGCCGCCCGCGCTGTTGTCGTCCGGGGCGGCTGCACAGCCCCTGCCCGACTGCTGT
CGTCAAAAGACTTGCTCTTGCCGCCTCTACGAGCTGCTGCACGGCGCGGGCAATCACGCG
GCCGGCATCCTCACGCTGGGCAAGCGGAGGTCCGGGCCCCCGGGCCTCCAGGGTCGGCTG
CAGCGCCTCCTGCAGGCCAGCGGCAACCACGCCGCGGGCATCCTGACCATGGGCCGCCGC
GCAGGCGCAGAGCCAGCGCCGCGCCCCTGCCTCGGGCGCCGCTGTTCCGCCCCGGCCGCC
GCCTCCGTCGCGCCCGGAGGACAGTCCGGGATCTGA
GenBank Gene IDNot Available
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDNot Available
HGNC IDHGNC:4847
Chromosome Location17
LocusNot Available
References
  1. Sakurai T, Amemiya A, Ishii M, Matsuzaki I, Chemelli RM, Tanaka H, Williams SC, Richardson JA, Kozlowski GP, Wilson S, Arch JR, Buckingham RE, Haynes AC, Carr SA, Annan RS, McNulty DE, Liu WS, Terrett JA, Elshourbagy NA, Bergsma DJ, Yanagisawa M: Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior. Cell. 1998 Feb 20;92(4):573-85. 9491897
  2. Sakurai T, Moriguchi T, Furuya K, Kajiwara N, Nakamura T, Yanagisawa M, Goto K: Structure and function of human prepro-orexin gene. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jun 18;274(25):17771-6. 10364220
  3. Lee JH, Bang E, Chae KJ, Kim JY, Lee DW, Lee W: Solution structure of a new hypothalamic neuropeptide, human hypocretin-2/orexin-B. Eur J Biochem. 1999 Dec;266(3):831-9. 10583376
  4. Hungs M, Mignot E: Hypocretin/orexin, sleep and narcolepsy. Bioessays. 2001 May;23(5):397-408. 11340621
  5. Willie JT, Chemelli RM, Sinton CM, Yanagisawa M: To eat or to sleep? Orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2001;24:429-58. 11283317
  6. Kim HY, Hong E, Kim JI, Lee W: Solution structure of human orexin-A: regulator of appetite and wakefulness. J Biochem Mol Biol. 2004 Sep 30;37(5):565-73. 15479620
  7. Siebold C, Hansen BE, Wyer JR, Harlos K, Esnouf RE, Svejgaard A, Bell JI, Strominger JL, Jones EY, Fugger L: Crystal structure of HLA-DQ0602 that protects against type 1 diabetes and confers strong susceptibility to narcolepsy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Feb 17;101(7):1999-2004. Epub 2004 Feb 9. 14769912
  8. Takai T, Takaya T, Nakano M, Akutsu H, Nakagawa A, Aimoto S, Nagai K, Ikegami T: Orexin-A is composed of a highly conserved C-terminal and a specific, hydrophilic N-terminal region, revealing the structural basis of specific recognition by the orexin-1 receptor. J Pept Sci. 2006 Jul;12(7):443-54. 16429482
  9. Peyron C, Faraco J, Rogers W, Ripley B, Overeem S, Charnay Y, Nevsimalova S, Aldrich M, Reynolds D, Albin R, Li R, Hungs M, Pedrazzoli M, Padigaru M, Kucherlapati M, Fan J, Maki R, Lammers GJ, Bouras C, Kucherlapati R, Nishino S, Mignot E: A mutation in a case of early onset narcolepsy and a generalized absence of hypocretin peptides in human narcoleptic brains. Nat Med. 2000 Sep;6(9):991-7. 10973318