Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1

NameSerine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1
Synonyms
  • 2.7.11.1
  • Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1
  • SGK
Gene NameSGK1
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0007831|Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1
MTVKTEAAKGTLTYSRMRGMVAILIAFMKQRRMGLNDFIQKIANNSYACKHPEVQSILKI
SQPQEPELMNANPSPPPSPSQQINLGPSSNPHAKPSDFHFLKVIGKGSFGKVLLARHKAE
EVFYAVKVLQKKAILKKKEEKHIMSERNVLLKNVKHPFLVGLHFSFQTADKLYFVLDYIN
GGELFYHLQRERCFLEPRARFYAAEIASALGYLHSLNIVYRDLKPENILLDSQGHIVLTD
FGLCKENIEHNSTTSTFCGTPEYLAPEVLHKQPYDRTVDWWCLGAVLYEMLYGLPPFYSR
NTAEMYDNILNKPLQLKPNITNSARHLLEGLLQKDRTKRLGAKDDFMEIKSHVFFSLINW
DDLINKKITPPFNPNVSGPNDLRHFDPEFTEEPVPNSIGKSPDSVLVTASVKEAAEAFLG
FSYAPPTDSFL
Number of residues431
Molecular Weight48941.96
Theoretical pI8.81
GO Classification
Functions
  • ATP binding
  • chloride channel regulator activity
  • protein serine/threonine kinase activity
  • sodium channel regulator activity
  • potassium channel regulator activity
  • calcium channel regulator activity
  • protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity
Processes
  • apoptotic process
  • regulation of catalytic activity
  • ion transmembrane transport
  • positive regulation of transporter activity
  • protein phosphorylation
  • intracellular signal transduction
  • regulation of gastric acid secretion
  • positive regulation of sodium ion transport
  • sodium ion transport
  • regulation of blood pressure
  • peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
  • regulation of cell growth
  • long-term memory
  • response to stress
  • cellular sodium ion homeostasis
  • regulation of cell migration
  • regulation of apoptotic process
  • renal sodium ion absorption
  • regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
  • cellular response to DNA damage stimulus
  • neuron projection morphogenesis
  • regulation of cell proliferation
  • transmembrane transport
Components
  • cytoplasm
  • mitochondrion
  • plasma membrane
  • endoplasmic reticulum membrane
  • cytosol
  • nucleoplasm
General FunctionSodium channel regulator activity
Specific FunctionSerine/threonine-protein kinase which is involved in the regulation of a wide variety of ion channels, membrane transporters, cellular enzymes, transcription factors, neuronal excitability, cell growth, proliferation, survival, migration and apoptosis. Plays an important role in cellular stress response. Contributes to regulation of renal Na(+) retention, renal K(+) elimination, salt appetite, gastric acid secretion, intestinal Na(+)/H(+) exchange and nutrient transport, insulin-dependent salt sensitivity of blood pressure, salt sensitivity of peripheral glucose uptake, cardiac repolarization and memory consolidation. Up-regulates Na(+) channels: SCNN1A/ENAC, SCN5A and ASIC1/ACCN2, K(+) channels: KCNJ1/ROMK1, KCNA1-5, KCNQ1-5 and KCNE1, epithelial Ca(2+) channels: TRPV5 and TRPV6, chloride channels: BSND, CLCN2 and CFTR, glutamate transporters: SLC1A3/EAAT1, SLC1A2 /EAAT2, SLC1A1/EAAT3, SLC1A6/EAAT4 and SLC1A7/EAAT5, amino acid transporters: SLC1A5/ASCT2, SLC38A1/SN1 and SLC6A19, creatine transporter: SLC6A8, Na(+)/dicarboxylate cotransporter: SLC13A2/NADC1, Na(+)-dependent phosphate cotransporter: SLC34A2/NAPI-2B, glutamate receptor: GRIK2/GLUR6. Up-regulates carriers: SLC9A3/NHE3, SLC12A1/NKCC2, SLC12A3/NCC, SLC5A3/SMIT, SLC2A1/GLUT1, SLC5A1/SGLT1 and SLC15A2/PEPT2. Regulates enzymes: GSK3A/B, PMM2 and Na(+)/K(+) ATPase, and transcription factors: CTNNB1 and nuclear factor NF-kappa-B. Stimulates sodium transport into epithelial cells by enhancing the stability and expression of SCNN1A/ENAC. This is achieved by phosphorylating the NEDD4L ubiquitin E3 ligase, promoting its interaction with 14-3-3 proteins, thereby preventing it from binding to SCNN1A/ENAC and targeting it for degradation. Regulates store-operated Ca(+2) entry (SOCE) by stimulating ORAI1 and STIM1. Regulates KCNJ1/ROMK1 directly via its phosphorylation or indirectly via increased interaction with SLC9A3R2/NHERF2. Phosphorylates MDM2 and activates MDM2-dependent ubiquitination of p53/TP53. Phosphorylates MAPT/TAU and mediates microtubule depolymerization and neurite formation in hippocampal neurons. Phosphorylates SLC2A4/GLUT4 and up-regulates its activity. Phosphorylates APBB1/FE65 and promotes its localization to the nucleus. Phosphorylates MAPK1/ERK2 and activates it by enhancing its interaction with MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2. Phosphorylates FBXW7 and plays an inhibitory role in the NOTCH1 signaling. Phosphorylates FOXO1 resulting in its relocalization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Phosphorylates FOXO3, promoting its exit from the nucleus and interference with FOXO3-dependent transcription. Phosphorylates BRAF and MAP3K3/MEKK3 and inhibits their activity. Phosphorylates SLC9A3/NHE3 in response to dexamethasone, resulting in its activation and increased localization at the cell membrane. Phosphorylates CREB1. Necessary for vascular remodeling during angiogenesis. Sustained high levels and activity may contribute to conditions such as hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. Isoform 2 exhibited a greater effect on cell plasma membrane expression of SCNN1A/ENAC and Na(+) transport than isoform 1.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane RegionsNot Available
GenBank Protein ID1834511
UniProtKB IDO00141
UniProtKB Entry NameSGK1_HUMAN
Cellular LocationCytoplasm
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021373|Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1 (SGK1)
ATGGTAAACAAAGACATGAATGGATTCCCAGTCAAGAAATGCTCAGCCTTCCAATTTTTT
AAGAAGCGGGTACGAAGGTGGATCAAGAGCCCAATGGTCAGTGTGGACAAGCATCAGAGT
CCCAGCCTGAAGTACACCGGCTCCTCCATGGTGCACATCCCTCCAGGGGAGCCAGACTTC
GAGTCTTCCTTGTGTCAAACATGCCTGGGTGAACATGCTTTCCAAAGAGGGGTTCTCCCT
CAGGAGAACGAGTCATGTTCATGGGAAACTCAATCTGGGTGTGAAGTGAGAGAGCCATGT
AATCATGCCAACATCCTGACCAAGCCCGATCCAAGAACCTTCTGGACTAATGATGATCCA
GCTTTCATGAAGCAGAGGAGGATGGGTCTGAACGACTTTATTCAGAAGATTGCCAATAAC
TCCTATGCATGCAAACACCCTGAAGTTCAGTCCATCTTGAAGATCTCCCAACCTCAGGAG
CCTGAGCTTATGAATGCCAACCCTTCTCCTCCACCAAGTCCTTCTCAGCAAATCAACCTT
GGCCCGTCGTCCAATCCTCATGCTAAACCATCTGACTTTCACTTCTTGAAAGTGATCGGA
AAGGGCAGTTTTGGAAAGGTTCTTCTAGCAAGACACAAGGCAGAAGAAGTGTTCTATGCA
GTCAAAGTTTTACAGAAGAAAGCAATCCTGAAAAAGAAAGAGGAGAAGCATATTATGTCG
GAGCGGAATGTTCTGTTGAAGAATGTGAAGCACCCTTTCCTGGTGGGCCTTCACTTCTCT
TTCCAGACTGCTGACAAATTGTACTTTGTCCTAGACTACATTAATGGTGGAGAGTTGTTC
TACCATCTCCAGAGGGAACGCTGCTTCCTGGAACCACGGGCTCGTTTCTATGCTGCTGAA
ATAGCCAGTGCCTTGGGCTACCTGCATTCACTGAACATCGTTTATAGAGACTTAAAACCA
GAGAATATTTTGCTAGATTCACAGGGACACATTGTCCTTACTGACTTCGGACTCTGCAAG
GAGAACATTGAACACAACAGCACAACATCCACCTTCTGTGGCACGCCGGAGTATCTCGCA
CCTGAGGTGCTTCATAAGCAGCCTTATGACAGGACTGTGGACTGGTGGTGCCTGGGAGCT
GTCTTGTATGAGATGCTGTATGGCCTGCCGCCTTTTTATAGCCGAAACACAGCTGAAATG
TACGACAACATTCTGAACAAGCCTCTCCAGCTGAAACCAAATATTACAAATTCCGCAAGA
CACCTCCTGGAGGGCCTCCTGCAGAAGGACAGGACAAAGCGGCTCGGGGCCAAGGATGAC
TTCATGGAGATTAAGAGTCATGTCTTCTTCTCCTTAATTAACTGGGATGATCTCATTAAT
AAGAAGATTACTCCCCCTTTTAACCCAAATGTGAGTGGGCCCAACGACCTACGGCACTTT
GACCCCGAGTTTACCGAAGAGCCTGTCCCCAACTCCATTGGCAAGTCCCCTGACAGCGTC
CTCGTCACAGCCAGCGTCAAGGAAGCTGCCGAGGCTTTCCTAGGCTTTTCCTATGCGCCT
CCCACGGACTCTTTCCTCTGA
GenBank Gene IDY10032
GeneCard IDNot Available
GenAtlas IDNot Available
HGNC IDHGNC:10810
Chromosome Location6
Locus6q23
References
  1. Waldegger S, Barth P, Raber G, Lang F: Cloning and characterization of a putative human serine/threonine protein kinase transcriptionally modified during anisotonic and isotonic alterations of cell volume. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Apr 29;94(9):4440-5. 9114008
  2. Waldegger S, Erdel M, Nagl UO, Barth P, Raber G, Steuer S, Utermann G, Paulmichl M, Lang F: Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of the human SGK protein kinase gene. Genomics. 1998 Jul 15;51(2):299-302. 9722955
  3. Raikwar NS, Snyder PM, Thomas CP: An evolutionarily conserved N-terminal Sgk1 variant with enhanced stability and improved function. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008 Nov;295(5):F1440-8. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.90239.2008. Epub 2008 Aug 27. 18753299
  4. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. 14702039
  5. Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. 14574404
  6. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. 15489334
  7. Kobayashi T, Deak M, Morrice N, Cohen P: Characterization of the structure and regulation of two novel isoforms of serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase. Biochem J. 1999 Nov 15;344 Pt 1:189-97. 10548550
  8. Kobayashi T, Cohen P: Activation of serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase by agonists that activate phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase is mediated by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) and PDK2. Biochem J. 1999 Apr 15;339 ( Pt 2):319-28. 10191262
  9. Lang F, Klingel K, Wagner CA, Stegen C, Warntges S, Friedrich B, Lanzendorfer M, Melzig J, Moschen I, Steuer S, Waldegger S, Sauter M, Paulmichl M, Gerke V, Risler T, Gamba G, Capasso G, Kandolf R, Hebert SC, Massry SG, Broer S: Deranged transcriptional regulation of cell-volume-sensitive kinase hSGK in diabetic nephropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jul 5;97(14):8157-62. 10884438
  10. Hayashi M, Tapping RI, Chao TH, Lo JF, King CC, Yang Y, Lee JD: BMK1 mediates growth factor-induced cell proliferation through direct cellular activation of serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase. J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 23;276(12):8631-4. Epub 2001 Jan 31. 11254654
  11. Perrotti N, He RA, Phillips SA, Haft CR, Taylor SI: Activation of serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (Sgk) by cyclic AMP and insulin. J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 23;276(12):9406-12. Epub 2000 Nov 28. 11096081
  12. Zhang BH, Tang ED, Zhu T, Greenberg ME, Vojtek AB, Guan KL: Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK phosphorylates and negatively regulates B-Raf. J Biol Chem. 2001 Aug 24;276(34):31620-6. Epub 2001 Jun 15. 11410590
  13. Brunet A, Park J, Tran H, Hu LS, Hemmings BA, Greenberg ME: Protein kinase SGK mediates survival signals by phosphorylating the forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1 (FOXO3a). Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Feb;21(3):952-65. 11154281
  14. Snyder PM, Olson DR, Thomas BC: Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase modulates Nedd4-2-mediated inhibition of the epithelial Na+ channel. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jan 4;277(1):5-8. Epub 2001 Nov 5. 11696533
  15. Henke G, Setiawan I, Bohmer C, Lang F: Activation of Na+/K+-ATPase by the serum and glucocorticoid-dependent kinase isoforms. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2002;25(6):370-4. 12590200
  16. Gamper N, Fillon S, Feng Y, Friedrich B, Lang PA, Henke G, Huber SM, Kobayashi T, Cohen P, Lang F: K+ channel activation by all three isoforms of serum- and glucocorticoid-dependent protein kinase SGK. Pflugers Arch. 2002 Oct;445(1):60-6. Epub 2002 Aug 28. 12397388
  17. Palmada M, Embark HM, Yun C, Bohmer C, Lang F: Molecular requirements for the regulation of the renal outer medullary K(+) channel ROMK1 by the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Nov 21;311(3):629-34. 14623317
  18. Boehmer C, Wilhelm V, Palmada M, Wallisch S, Henke G, Brinkmeier H, Cohen P, Pieske B, Lang F: Serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinases in the regulation of the cardiac sodium channel SCN5A. Cardiovasc Res. 2003 Mar 15;57(4):1079-84. 12650886
  19. Chun J, Kwon T, Kim DJ, Park I, Chung G, Lee EJ, Hong SK, Chang SI, Kim HY, Kang SS: Inhibition of mitogen-activated kinase kinase kinase 3 activity through phosphorylation by the serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1. J Biochem. 2003 Jan;133(1):103-8. 12761204
  20. Boehmer C, Henke G, Schniepp R, Palmada M, Rothstein JD, Broer S, Lang F: Regulation of the glutamate transporter EAAT1 by the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 and the serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase isoforms SGK1/3 and protein kinase B. J Neurochem. 2003 Sep;86(5):1181-8. 12911626
  21. Maiyar AC, Leong ML, Firestone GL: Importin-alpha mediates the regulated nuclear targeting of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase (Sgk) by recognition of a nuclear localization signal in the kinase central domain. Mol Biol Cell. 2003 Mar;14(3):1221-39. 12631736
  22. Embark HM, Bohmer C, Vallon V, Luft F, Lang F: Regulation of KCNE1-dependent K(+) current by the serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK) isoforms. Pflugers Arch. 2003 Feb;445(5):601-6. Epub 2002 Dec 4. 12634932
  23. Palmada M, Dieter M, Speil A, Bohmer C, Mack AF, Wagner HJ, Klingel K, Kandolf R, Murer H, Biber J, Closs EI, Lang F: Regulation of intestinal phosphate cotransporter NaPi IIb by ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 and by serum- and glucocorticoid-dependent kinase 1. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2004 Jul;287(1):G143-50. Epub 2004 Mar 25. 15044175
  24. Boehmer C, Embark HM, Bauer A, Palmada M, Yun CH, Weinman EJ, Endou H, Cohen P, Lahme S, Bichler KH, Lang F: Stimulation of renal Na+ dicarboxylate cotransporter 1 by Na+/H+ exchanger regulating factor 2, serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase isoforms, and protein kinase B. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Jan 23;313(4):998-1003. 14706641
  25. Embark HM, Setiawan I, Poppendieck S, van de Graaf SF, Boehmer C, Palmada M, Wieder T, Gerstberger R, Cohen P, Yun CC, Bindels RJ, Lang F: Regulation of the epithelial Ca2+ channel TRPV5 by the NHE regulating factor NHERF2 and the serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase isoforms SGK1 and SGK3 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2004;14(4-6):203-12. 15319523
  26. Diakov A, Korbmacher C: A novel pathway of epithelial sodium channel activation involves a serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase consensus motif in the C terminus of the channel's alpha-subunit. J Biol Chem. 2004 Sep 10;279(37):38134-42. Epub 2004 Jul 1. 15234985
  27. Henke G, Maier G, Wallisch S, Boehmer C, Lang F: Regulation of the voltage gated K+ channel Kv1.3 by the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 and the serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase SGK1. J Cell Physiol. 2004 May;199(2):194-9. 15040001
  28. Embark HM, Bohmer C, Palmada M, Rajamanickam J, Wyatt AW, Wallisch S, Capasso G, Waldegger P, Seyberth HW, Waldegger S, Lang F: Regulation of CLC-Ka/barttin by the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 and the serum- and glucocorticoid-dependent kinases. Kidney Int. 2004 Nov;66(5):1918-25. 15496163
  29. Wang D, Sun H, Lang F, Yun CC: Activation of NHE3 by dexamethasone requires phosphorylation of NHE3 at Ser663 by SGK1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2005 Oct;289(4):C802-10. Epub 2005 May 11. 15888551
  30. Palmada M, Speil A, Jeyaraj S, Bohmer C, Lang F: The serine/threonine kinases SGK1, 3 and PKB stimulate the amino acid transporter ASCT2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 May 27;331(1):272-7. 15845389
  31. Boehmer C, Rajamanickam J, Schniepp R, Kohler K, Wulff P, Kuhl D, Palmada M, Lang F: Regulation of the excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT5 by the serum and glucocorticoid dependent kinases SGK1 and SGK3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Apr 8;329(2):738-42. 15737648
  32. Shojaiefard M, Christie DL, Lang F: Stimulation of the creatine transporter SLC6A8 by the protein kinases SGK1 and SGK3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Sep 2;334(3):742-6. 16036218
  33. David S, Kalb RG: Serum/glucocorticoid-inducible kinase can phosphorylate the cyclic AMP response element binding protein, CREB. FEBS Lett. 2005 Feb 28;579(6):1534-8. 15733869
  34. Zhou R, Snyder PM: Nedd4-2 phosphorylation induces serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK) ubiquitination and degradation. J Biol Chem. 2005 Feb 11;280(6):4518-23. Epub 2004 Dec 2. 15576372
  35. Palmada M, Boehmer C, Akel A, Rajamanickam J, Jeyaraj S, Keller K, Lang F: SGK1 kinase upregulates GLUT1 activity and plasma membrane expression. Diabetes. 2006 Feb;55(2):421-7. 16443776
  36. Yang YC, Lin CH, Lee EH: Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) increases neurite formation through microtubule depolymerization by SGK1 and by SGK1 phosphorylation of tau. Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Nov;26(22):8357-70. Epub 2006 Sep 18. 16982696
  37. Cordas E, Naray-Fejes-Toth A, Fejes-Toth G: Subcellular location of serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase-1 in renal and mammary epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2007 May;292(5):C1971-81. Epub 2007 Jan 3. 17202226
  38. Jeyaraj S, Boehmer C, Lang F, Palmada M: Role of SGK1 kinase in regulating glucose transport via glucose transporter GLUT4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 May 11;356(3):629-35. Epub 2007 Mar 12. 17382906
  39. Bohmer C, Palmada M, Kenngott C, Lindner R, Klaus F, Laufer J, Lang F: Regulation of the epithelial calcium channel TRPV6 by the serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase isoforms SGK1 and SGK3. FEBS Lett. 2007 Dec 11;581(29):5586-90. Epub 2007 Nov 20. 18005662
  40. Lee EJ, Chun J, Hyun S, Ahn HR, Jeong JM, Hong SK, Hong JT, Chang IK, Jeon HY, Han YS, Auh CK, Park JI, Kang SS: Regulation Fe65 localization to the nucleus by SGK1 phosphorylation of its Ser566 residue. BMB Rep. 2008 Jan 31;41(1):41-7. 18304449
  41. Garcia-Martinez JM, Alessi DR: mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) controls hydrophobic motif phosphorylation and activation of serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1). Biochem J. 2008 Dec 15;416(3):375-85. doi: 10.1042/BJ20081668. 18925875
  42. Daub H, Olsen JV, Bairlein M, Gnad F, Oppermann FS, Korner R, Greff Z, Keri G, Stemmann O, Mann M: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle. Mol Cell. 2008 Aug 8;31(3):438-48. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.07.007. 18691976
  43. Arteaga MF, Coric T, Straub C, Canessa CM: A brain-specific SGK1 splice isoform regulates expression of ASIC1 in neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Mar 18;105(11):4459-64. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0800958105. Epub 2008 Mar 11. 18334630
  44. Chen W, Chen Y, Xu BE, Juang YC, Stippec S, Zhao Y, Cobb MH: Regulation of a third conserved phosphorylation site in SGK1. J Biol Chem. 2009 Feb 6;284(6):3453-60. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M807502200. Epub 2008 Dec 9. 19068477
  45. Won M, Park KA, Byun HS, Kim YR, Choi BL, Hong JH, Park J, Seok JH, Lee YH, Cho CH, Song IS, Kim YK, Shen HM, Hur GM: Protein kinase SGK1 enhances MEK/ERK complex formation through the phosphorylation of ERK2: implication for the positive regulatory role of SGK1 on the ERK function during liver regeneration. J Hepatol. 2009 Jul;51(1):67-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.02.027. Epub 2009 Apr 16. 19447520
  46. Amato R, D'Antona L, Porciatti G, Agosti V, Menniti M, Rinaldo C, Costa N, Bellacchio E, Mattarocci S, Fuiano G, Soddu S, Paggi MG, Lang F, Perrotti N: Sgk1 activates MDM2-dependent p53 degradation and affects cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2009 Dec;87(12):1221-39. doi: 10.1007/s00109-009-0525-5. Epub 2009 Sep 11. 19756449
  47. Oppermann FS, Gnad F, Olsen JV, Hornberger R, Greff Z, Keri G, Mann M, Daub H: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2009 Jul;8(7):1751-64. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M800588-MCP200. Epub 2009 Apr 15. 19369195
  48. Bohmer C, Sopjani M, Klaus F, Lindner R, Laufer J, Jeyaraj S, Lang F, Palmada M: The serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinases SGK1-3 stimulate the neutral amino acid transporter SLC6A19. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2010;25(6):723-32. doi: 10.1159/000315092. Epub 2010 May 18. 20511718
  49. Lu M, Wang J, Jones KT, Ives HE, Feldman ME, Yao LJ, Shokat KM, Ashrafi K, Pearce D: mTOR complex-2 activates ENaC by phosphorylating SGK1. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 May;21(5):811-8. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2009111168. Epub 2010 Mar 25. 20338997
  50. Wiemuth D, Lott JS, Ly K, Ke Y, Teesdale-Spittle P, Snyder PM, McDonald FJ: Interaction of serum- and glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) with the WW-domains of Nedd4-2 is required for epithelial sodium channel regulation. PLoS One. 2010 Aug 13;5(8):e12163. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012163. 20730100
  51. Olsen JV, Vermeulen M, Santamaria A, Kumar C, Miller ML, Jensen LJ, Gnad F, Cox J, Jensen TS, Nigg EA, Brunak S, Mann M: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis. Sci Signal. 2010 Jan 12;3(104):ra3. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475. 20068231
  52. He P, Lee SJ, Lin S, Seidler U, Lang F, Fejes-Toth G, Naray-Fejes-Toth A, Yun CC: Serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 3 in recycling endosomes mediates acute activation of Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3 by glucocorticoids. Mol Biol Cell. 2011 Oct;22(20):3812-25. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E11-04-0328. Epub 2011 Aug 24. 21865597
  53. Firestone GL, Giampaolo JR, O'Keeffe BA: Stimulus-dependent regulation of serum and glucocorticoid inducible protein kinase (SGK) transcription, subcellular localization and enzymatic activity. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2003;13(1):1-12. 12649597
  54. Loffing J, Flores SY, Staub O: Sgk kinases and their role in epithelial transport. Annu Rev Physiol. 2006;68:461-90. 16460280
  55. Bruhn MA, Pearson RB, Hannan RD, Sheppard KE: Second AKT: the rise of SGK in cancer signalling. Growth Factors. 2010 Dec;28(6):394-408. doi: 10.3109/08977194.2010.518616. Epub 2010 Oct 5. 20919962
  56. Lang F, Strutz-Seebohm N, Seebohm G, Lang UE: Significance of SGK1 in the regulation of neuronal function. J Physiol. 2010 Sep 15;588(Pt 18):3349-54. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.190926. Epub 2010 Jun 7. 20530112
  57. Zhao B, Lehr R, Smallwood AM, Ho TF, Maley K, Randall T, Head MS, Koretke KK, Schnackenberg CG: Crystal structure of the kinase domain of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 in complex with AMP PNP. Protein Sci. 2007 Dec;16(12):2761-9. Epub 2007 Oct 26. 17965184
  58. Greenman C, Stephens P, Smith R, Dalgliesh GL, Hunter C, Bignell G, Davies H, Teague J, Butler A, Stevens C, Edkins S, O'Meara S, Vastrik I, Schmidt EE, Avis T, Barthorpe S, Bhamra G, Buck G, Choudhury B, Clements J, Cole J, Dicks E, Forbes S, Gray K, Halliday K, Harrison R, Hills K, Hinton J, Jenkinson A, Jones D, Menzies A, Mironenko T, Perry J, Raine K, Richardson D, Shepherd R, Small A, Tofts C, Varian J, Webb T, West S, Widaa S, Yates A, Cahill DP, Louis DN, Goldstraw P, Nicholson AG, Brasseur F, Looijenga L, Weber BL, Chiew YE, DeFazio A, Greaves MF, Green AR, Campbell P, Birney E, Easton DF, Chenevix-Trench G, Tan MH, Khoo SK, Teh BT, Yuen ST, Leung SY, Wooster R, Futreal PA, Stratton MR: Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes. Nature. 2007 Mar 8;446(7132):153-8. 17344846