Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3
| Name | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3 |
|---|---|
| Synonyms |
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| Gene Name | GNAT3 |
| Organism | Human |
| Amino acid sequence | >lcl|BSEQ0009095|Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3 MGSGISSESKESAKRSKELEKKLQEDAERDARTVKLLLLGAGESGKSTIVKQMKIIHKNG YSEQECMEFKAVIYSNTLQSILAIVKAMTTLGIDYVNPRSAEDQRQLYAMANTLEDGGMT PQLAEVIKRLWRDPGIQACFERASEYQLNDSAAYYLNDLDRITASGYVPNEQDVLHSRVK TTGIIETQFSFKDLHFRMFDVGGQRSERKKWIHCFEGVTCIIFCAALSAYDMVLVEDEEV NRMHESLHLFNSICNHKYFSTTSIVLFLNKKDIFQEKVTKVHLSICFPEYTGPNTFEDAG NYIKNQFLDLNLKKEDKEIYSHMTCATDTQNVKFVFDAVTDIIIKENLKDCGLF |
| Number of residues | 354 |
| Molecular Weight | 40356.655 |
| Theoretical pI | Not Available |
| GO Classification | Functions
Processes
Components
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| General Function | Metal ion binding |
| Specific Function | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) alpha subunit playing a prominent role in bitter and sweet taste transduction as well as in umami (monosodium glutamate, monopotassium glutamate, and inosine monophosphate) taste transduction. Transduction by this alpha subunit involves coupling of specific cell-surface receptors with a cGMP-phosphodiesterase; Activation of phosphodiesterase lowers intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP which may open a cyclic nucleotide-suppressible cation channel leading to influx of calcium, ultimately leading to release of neurotransmitter. Indeed, denatonium and strychnine induce transient reduction in cAMP and cGMP in taste tissue, whereas this decrease is inhibited by GNAT3 antibody. Gustducin heterotrimer transduces response to bitter and sweet compounds via regulation of phosphodiesterase for alpha subunit, as well as via activation of phospholipase C for beta and gamma subunits, with ultimate increase inositol trisphosphate and increase of intracellular Calcium. GNAT3 can functionally couple to taste receptors to transmit intracellular signal: receptor heterodimer TAS1R2/TAS1R3 senses sweetness and TAS1R1/TAS1R3 transduces umami taste, whereas the T2R family GPCRs act as bitter sensors. Functions also as lumenal sugar sensors in the gut to control the expression of the Na+-glucose transporter SGLT1 in response to dietaty sugar, as well as the secretion of Glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, GIP. Thus, may modulate the gut capacity to absorb sugars, with implications in malabsorption syndromes and diet-related disorders including diabetes and obesity. |
| Pfam Domain Function |
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| Transmembrane Regions | Not Available |
| GenBank Protein ID | Not Available |
| UniProtKB ID | A8MTJ3 |
| UniProtKB Entry Name | GNAT3_HUMAN |
| Cellular Location | Cytoplasm |
| Gene sequence | >lcl|BSEQ0017687|Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3 (GNAT3) ATGGGAAGTGGAATTAGTTCAGAGAGCAAGGAGTCAGCCAAAAGATCAAAAGAACTGGAG AAAAAGCTTCAGGAGGATGCTGAGCGAGATGCAAGAACCGTAAAGCTGCTACTATTAGGA GCAGGAGAATCTGGGAAAAGTACTATTGTTAAACAAATGAAGATCATCCATAAGAATGGT TACAGTGAGCAAGAATGCATGGAGTTCAAAGCAGTAATTTACAGTAATACATTGCAATCC ATCCTAGCTATTGTGAAAGCCATGACTACCCTTGGAATTGATTATGTAAATCCCAGAAGT GCAGAGGACCAACGACAACTTTATGCAATGGCAAATACCCTGGAAGATGGTGGCATGACA CCTCAACTGGCTGAGGTAATAAAACGGCTGTGGAGAGATCCAGGAATTCAGGCCTGCTTT GAAAGGGCATCTGAATATCAGCTCAATGACTCAGCAGCTTACTACCTTAATGATTTAGAT AGAATAACAGCATCTGGGTATGTGCCAAATGAACAAGATGTTCTCCATTCTCGAGTGAAA ACGACTGGAATCATTGAAACTCAATTCTCCTTTAAAGACTTGCACTTCAGGATGTTTGAT GTAGGTGGACAGAGATCTGAGAGAAAGAAGTGGATTCACTGCTTTGAAGGAGTTACATGC ATTATATTTTGTGCTGCACTTAGTGCCTATGACATGGTCCTCGTGGAAGACGAAGAAGTG AATAGAATGCATGAAAGCCTTCACCTGTTCAACAGTATCTGTAATCACAAGTATTTTTCA ACAACCTCCATTGTCCTGTTCCTCAACAAAAAAGATATCTTTCAAGAAAAGGTAACCAAG GTGCATCTTAGTATCTGCTTTCCAGAATACACTGGGCCAAATACATTTGAAGATGCAGGA AACTACATCAAGAACCAGTTTCTAGACCTGAATTTAAAAAAAGAAGATAAGGAAATTTAT TCCCACATGACCTGTGCTACTGACACCCAAAATGTCAAGTTTGTGTTTGACGCAGTTACA GATATAATAATCAAAGAGAATCTAAAAGACTGTGGGCTTTTCTAA |
| GenBank Gene ID | Not Available |
| GeneCard ID | Not Available |
| GenAtlas ID | Not Available |
| HGNC ID | HGNC:22800 |
| Chromosome Location | 7 |
| Locus | Not Available |
| References |
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