
Disintegrin echistatin (Echis carinatus) (T3D2636)
Record Information | |||||||||||
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Version | 2.0 | ||||||||||
Creation Date | 2009-07-06 21:35:44 UTC | ||||||||||
Update Date | 2014-12-24 20:25:47 UTC | ||||||||||
Accession Number | T3D2636 | ||||||||||
Identification | |||||||||||
Common Name | Disintegrin echistatin (Echis carinatus) | ||||||||||
Class | Protein | ||||||||||
Description | Disintegrins is a peptide toxins produced by snakes of the viper family. They work by countering blood clotting steps, inhibiting the clumping of platelets. (3) | ||||||||||
Compound Type |
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Protein Structure | ![]() | ||||||||||
Synonyms | |||||||||||
Chemical Formula | Not Available | ||||||||||
Average Molecular Mass | 5424.090 g/mol | ||||||||||
CAS Registry Number | Not Available | ||||||||||
Sequence | Not Available | ||||||||||
Chemical Taxonomy | |||||||||||
Description | Not Available | ||||||||||
Kingdom | Organic Compounds | ||||||||||
Super Class | Organic Acids | ||||||||||
Class | Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives | ||||||||||
Sub Class | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues | ||||||||||
Direct Parent | Peptides | ||||||||||
Alternative Parents | Not Available | ||||||||||
Substituents | Not Available | ||||||||||
Molecular Framework | Not Available | ||||||||||
External Descriptors | Not Available | ||||||||||
Biological Properties | |||||||||||
Status | Detected and Not Quantified | ||||||||||
Origin | Exogenous | ||||||||||
Cellular Locations | Not Available | ||||||||||
Biofluid Locations | Not Available | ||||||||||
Tissue Locations | Not Available | ||||||||||
Pathways | Not Available | ||||||||||
Applications | Not Available | ||||||||||
Biological Roles | Not Available | ||||||||||
Chemical Roles | Not Available | ||||||||||
Physical Properties | |||||||||||
State | Liquid | ||||||||||
Appearance | Clear solution. | ||||||||||
Experimental Properties |
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Predicted Properties | Not Available | ||||||||||
Spectra | |||||||||||
Spectra |
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Toxicity Profile | |||||||||||
Route of Exposure | Injection (sting/bite) (4) | ||||||||||
Mechanism of Toxicity | Disintegrins work by countering blood clotting steps, inhibiting the clumping of platelets. They inhibit fibrinogen interaction with platelet receptors expressed on glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex. By binding to the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptor on the platelet surface, they inhibit aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin, platelet-activating factor and collagen. (3) | ||||||||||
Metabolism | Free toxin may be removed by opsonization via the reticuloendothelial system (primarily the liver and kidneys) or it may be degraded through cellular internalization via the lysosomes. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of digestive enzymes, including several proteases. | ||||||||||
Toxicity Values | Not Available | ||||||||||
Lethal Dose | Not Available | ||||||||||
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). | ||||||||||
Uses/Sources | Disintegrins is a peptide toxins produced by snakes of the viper family. (3) | ||||||||||
Minimum Risk Level | Not Available | ||||||||||
Health Effects | Disintegrins counter blood clotting steps, inhibiting the clumping of platelets. (3) | ||||||||||
Symptoms | Bites from snakes in the Viperidae family cause local pain, swelling, edema, skin discoloration, and ecchymosis. (1) | ||||||||||
Treatment | An antivenom exists for viper venom. (2) | ||||||||||
Normal Concentrations | |||||||||||
Not Available | |||||||||||
Abnormal Concentrations | |||||||||||
Not Available | |||||||||||
External Links | |||||||||||
DrugBank ID | Not Available | ||||||||||
HMDB ID | Not Available | ||||||||||
PubChem Compound ID | Not Available | ||||||||||
ChEMBL ID | Not Available | ||||||||||
ChemSpider ID | Not Available | ||||||||||
KEGG ID | Not Available | ||||||||||
UniProt ID | P17347 | ||||||||||
OMIM ID | |||||||||||
ChEBI ID | Not Available | ||||||||||
BioCyc ID | Not Available | ||||||||||
CTD ID | Not Available | ||||||||||
Stitch ID | Not Available | ||||||||||
PDB ID | 1RO3 | ||||||||||
ACToR ID | Not Available | ||||||||||
Wikipedia Link | Not Available | ||||||||||
References | |||||||||||
Synthesis Reference | Not Available | ||||||||||
MSDS | Not Available | ||||||||||
General References | |||||||||||
Gene Regulation | |||||||||||
Up-Regulated Genes | Not Available | ||||||||||
Down-Regulated Genes | Not Available |
Targets
- General Function:
- Metal ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin. It recognizes the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. It recognizes the sequence H-H-L-G-G-G-A-K-Q-A-G-D-V in fibrinogen gamma chain. Following activation integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 brings about platelet/platelet interaction through binding of soluble fibrinogen. This step leads to rapid platelet aggregation which physically plugs ruptured endothelial cell surface.
- Gene Name:
- ITGA2B
- Uniprot ID:
- P08514
- Molecular Weight:
- 113375.96 Da
References
- Wikipedia. Disintegrin. Last Updated 11 June 2009. [Link]
- General Function:
- Virus receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- Integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV:ITGB3) is a receptor for cytotactin, fibronectin, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, osteopontin, osteomodulin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, vitronectin and von Willebrand factor. Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 (ITGA2B:ITGB3) is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin. Integrins alpha-IIb/beta-3 and alpha-V/beta-3 recognize the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 recognizes the sequence H-H-L-G-G-G-A-K-Q-A-G-D-V in fibrinogen gamma chain. Following activation integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 brings about platelet/platelet interaction through binding of soluble fibrinogen. This step leads to rapid platelet aggregation which physically plugs ruptured endothelial surface. Fibrinogen binding enhances SELP expression in activated platelets (By similarity).(Microbial infection) Integrin ITGAV:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for herpes virus 8/HHV-8 (PubMed:18045938). Integrin ITGAV:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for coxsackievirus A9 (PubMed:7519807). Acts as a receptor for Hantaan virus (PubMed:9618541). Integrin ITGAV:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for cytomegalovirus/HHV-5 (PubMed:15834425). Integrin ITGA5:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for human metapneumovirus (PubMed:24478423). Integrin ITGAV:ITGB3 acts aP05556s a receptor for human parechovirus 1 (PubMed:11160695). Integrin ITGAV:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for west nile virus (PubMed:23658209). In case of HIV-1 infection, the interaction with extracellular viral Tat protein seems to enhance angiogenesis in Kaposi's sarcoma lesions (PubMed:10397733).
- Gene Name:
- ITGB3
- Uniprot ID:
- P05106
- Molecular Weight:
- 87056.975 Da
References
- Wikipedia. Disintegrin. Last Updated 11 June 2009. [Link]