(2S,4R,5S)-Muscarine (T3D2452)

IdentificationTaxonomyBiological PropertiesPhysical PropertiesToxicity ProfileSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesGene RegulationTargets (8)XML
Targets (8)
Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2009-07-03 20:53:35 UTC
Update Date2014-12-24 20:25:31 UTC
Accession NumberT3D2452
Identification
Common Name(2S,4R,5S)-Muscarine
ClassSmall Molecule
DescriptionMain toxic constituent of the fly fungus Amanita muscaria and various Inocybe species (2S,4R,5S)-Muscarine belongs to the family of Oxolanes. These are organic compounds containing an oxolane (tetrahydrofuran) ring, which is a saturated aliphatic five-member ring containing one oxygen and five carbon atoms.
Compound Type
  • Ether
  • Food Toxin
  • Fungal Toxin
  • Metabolite
  • Mycotoxin
  • Natural Compound
  • Organic Compound
Chemical Structure
Thumb
MOLSDF3D-SDFPDBSMILESInChI View 3D Structure
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC9H20NO2
Average Molecular Mass174.260 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass174.149 g/mol
CAS Registry Number300-54-9
IUPAC Name{[(2S,4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]methyl}trimethylazanium
Traditional Name(+)-muscarine
SMILES[H][C@@]1(C)O[C@]([H])(C[N+](C)(C)C)C[C@@]1([H])O
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C9H20NO2/c1-7-9(11)5-8(12-7)6-10(2,3)4/h7-9,11H,5-6H2,1-4H3/q+1/t7-,8-,9+/m0/s1
InChI KeyInChIKey=UQOFGTXDASPNLL-XHNCKOQMSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pentoses. These are monosaccharides in which the carbohydrate moiety contains five carbon atoms.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentPentoses
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pentose monosaccharide
  • Quaternary ammonium salt
  • Tetraalkylammonium salt
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Dialkyl ether
  • Ether
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Amine
  • Organic salt
  • Alcohol
  • Organic cation
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Biological Properties
StatusDetected and Not Quantified
OriginExogenous
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biofluid LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
PathwaysNot Available
ApplicationsNot Available
Biological RolesNot Available
Chemical RolesNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
AppearanceWhite powder.
Experimental Properties
PropertyValue
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
SolubilityNot Available
LogPNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.64 g/LALOGPS
logP-3ALOGPS
logP-4.3ChemAxon
logS-2.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)14.11ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.2ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area29.46 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity59.89 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability20.1 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2020-06-30View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 17V, positivesplash10-0f9y-6900000000-79763ab7b63262ffe2c22020-07-22View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QTOF 10V, positivesplash10-00di-0900000000-c226ed17dd770fa6c4112020-07-22View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QTOF 15V, positivesplash10-00di-2900000000-67eb26beea6d618ebb7d2020-07-22View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QTOF 17V, positivesplash10-00di-5900000000-4e0964583deb72b35ef62020-07-22View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QTOF 20V, positivesplash10-05fr-9500000000-a0a0c909b980bb4769c22020-07-22View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QTOF 23V, positivesplash10-0a4i-9200000000-be98c82a4035b83f87502020-07-22View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QTOF 25V, positivesplash10-0a4i-9100000000-e8830a6e2498d5ca0b6f2020-07-22View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QTOF 27V, positivesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-19f49df6db6e4b92cf3d2020-07-22View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QTOF 30V, positivesplash10-0a4l-9000000000-0755c01a97b2a22de4812020-07-22View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QTOF 33V, positivesplash10-0a4l-9000000000-b0b62b0c3630f73427032020-07-22View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QTOF 35V, positivesplash10-052f-9000000000-0a2f7b3f7e5bf0ef5ed32020-07-22View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QTOF 40V, positivesplash10-052f-9000000000-24069c492c822c8073ed2020-07-22View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 5V, positivesplash10-00di-0900000000-e02b9884b570bdfc5d5c2020-07-22View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 6V, positivesplash10-00di-2900000000-1be2813c25bfaa5cb10c2020-07-22View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 9V, positivesplash10-05fr-9600000000-cb4c5b9dc39c97a632392020-07-22View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 10V, positivesplash10-0c00-9100000000-2e0e0d8c33dd5405906b2020-07-22View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 13V, positivesplash10-0bt9-9000000000-1c66632fe3ec85e7e9b72020-07-22View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 15V, positivesplash10-0bt9-9000000000-b821cc1b0c3b1409a2a42020-07-22View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 19V, positivesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-4556237f549b235f4c6e2020-07-22View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, positivesplash10-014i-4900000000-2e898bb2167bdd163be92020-07-22View Spectrum
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, positivesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-e58e4ee62799955c09392020-07-22View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-05fr-0900000000-a0080208160655ea0b732019-02-22View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0ab9-2900000000-9edf94eafe412073184c2019-02-22View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-05fr-9100000000-c8c1131f5df11bfdcd192019-02-22View Spectrum
Toxicity Profile
Route of ExposureOral, dermal, inhalation, and parenteral (contaminated drugs). (1)
Mechanism of ToxicityMuscarine is a competitive inhibitor. It mimics the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at acetylcholine receptors. (3)
MetabolismNot Available
Toxicity ValuesNot Available
Lethal DoseNot Available
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Uses/SourcesMuscarine is only a trace compound in the fly agaric Amanita muscaria; the pharmacologically more relevant compound from this mushroom is muscimol. Mushrooms in the genera Entoloma and Mycena have also been found to contain levels of muscarine which can be dangerous if ingested. Muscarine has been found in harmless trace amounts in Boletus, Hygrocybe, Lactarius and Russula. (3)
Minimum Risk LevelNot Available
Health EffectsIntoxication generally subsides within 2 hours. Death is rare, but may result from cardiac or respiratory failure in severe cases. (3)
SymptomsMuscarine poisoning is characterized by increased salivation, sweating (perspiration), and tearflow (lacrimation) within 15 to 30 minutes after ingestion of the mushroom. With large doses, these symptoms may be followed by abdominal pain, severe nausea, diarrhea, blurred vision, and labored breathing. (3)
TreatmentThe specific antidote is atropine. (3)
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDHMDB29936
PubChem Compound ID5079496
ChEMBL IDNot Available
ChemSpider ID4255959
KEGG IDC07473
UniProt IDNot Available
OMIM ID
ChEBI ID522933
BioCyc IDNot Available
CTD IDD009116
Stitch IDMuscarine
PDB IDNot Available
ACToR IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkMuscarine
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
MSDST3D2452.pdf
General References
  1. Peraica M, Domijan AM: Contamination of food with mycotoxins and human health. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2001 Mar;52(1):23-35. [11370295 ]
  2. Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
  3. Wikipedia. Muscarine. Last Updated 3 July 2009. [Link]
  4. Wikipedia. Mushroom poisoning. Last Updated 10 August 2009. [Link]
Gene Regulation
Up-Regulated GenesNot Available
Down-Regulated GenesNot Available

Targets

Target Details
1. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
General Function:
G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor activity
Specific Function:
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is adenylate cyclase inhibition. Signaling promotes phospholipase C activity, leading to the release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3); this then triggers calcium ion release into the cytosol.
Gene Name:
CHRM2
Uniprot ID:
P08172
Molecular Weight:
51714.605 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.025 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50008066
Inhibitory0.072 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50008066
Inhibitory0.075 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50008066
IC500.49 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50008066
IC503.9 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50008066
References
  1. Pei XF, Gupta TH, Badio B, Padgett WL, Daly JW: 6beta-Acetoxynortropane: a potent muscarinic agonist with apparent selectivity toward M2-receptors. J Med Chem. 1998 Jun 4;41(12):2047-55. [9622546 ]
  2. Daly JW, Gupta TH, Padgett WL, Pei XF: 6beta-Acyloxy(nor)tropanes: affinities for antagonist/agonist binding sites on transfected and native muscarinic receptors. J Med Chem. 2000 Jun 29;43(13):2514-22. [10891110 ]
Target Details
2. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4
General Function:
Guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
Specific Function:
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is inhibition of adenylate cyclase.
Gene Name:
CHRM4
Uniprot ID:
P08173
Molecular Weight:
53048.65 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.023 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50008066
Inhibitory1.4 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50008066
Inhibitory28 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50008066
References
  1. Daly JW, Gupta TH, Padgett WL, Pei XF: 6beta-Acyloxy(nor)tropanes: affinities for antagonist/agonist binding sites on transfected and native muscarinic receptors. J Med Chem. 2000 Jun 29;43(13):2514-22. [10891110 ]
  2. Pei XF, Gupta TH, Badio B, Padgett WL, Daly JW: 6beta-Acetoxynortropane: a potent muscarinic agonist with apparent selectivity toward M2-receptors. J Med Chem. 1998 Jun 4;41(12):2047-55. [9622546 ]
Target Details
3. Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha
General Function:
Ion channel activity
Specific Function:
After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane.
Gene Name:
CHRNA1
Uniprot ID:
P02708
Molecular Weight:
54545.235 Da
References
  1. Wikipedia. Muscarine. Last Updated 3 July 2009. [Link]
Target Details
4. Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta
General Function:
Ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific Function:
After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane.
Gene Name:
CHRNB1
Uniprot ID:
P11230
Molecular Weight:
56697.9 Da
References
  1. Wikipedia. Muscarine. Last Updated 3 July 2009. [Link]
Target Details
5. Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta
General Function:
Acetylcholine-activated cation-selective channel activity
Specific Function:
After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane.
Gene Name:
CHRND
Uniprot ID:
Q07001
Molecular Weight:
58894.55 Da
References
  1. Wikipedia. Muscarine. Last Updated 3 July 2009. [Link]
Target Details
6. Acetylcholine receptor subunit epsilon
General Function:
Cation transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function:
After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane.
Gene Name:
CHRNE
Uniprot ID:
Q04844
Molecular Weight:
54696.54 Da
References
  1. Wikipedia. Muscarine. Last Updated 3 July 2009. [Link]
Target Details
7. Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma
General Function:
Channel activity
Specific Function:
After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane.
Gene Name:
CHRNG
Uniprot ID:
P07510
Molecular Weight:
57882.8 Da
References
  1. Wikipedia. Muscarine. Last Updated 3 July 2009. [Link]
Target Details
8. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
General Function:
Phosphatidylinositol phospholipase c activity
Specific Function:
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover.
Gene Name:
CHRM1
Uniprot ID:
P11229
Molecular Weight:
51420.375 Da
Binding/Activity Constants
TypeValueAssay TypeAssay Source
Inhibitory0.056 uMNot AvailableBindingDB 50008066
References
  1. Daly JW, Gupta TH, Padgett WL, Pei XF: 6beta-Acyloxy(nor)tropanes: affinities for antagonist/agonist binding sites on transfected and native muscarinic receptors. J Med Chem. 2000 Jun 29;43(13):2514-22. [10891110 ]